traceroute 安装及使用

1.pc 端下载traceroute-2.1.0-6.fc28.x86_64.rpm文件；
https://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=traceroute(x86-64)
2. 将安装包上传到centos主机
使用 rz 命令
3.执行rpm -ivh traceroute-2.1.0-6.fc28.x86_64.rpm命令进行安装
4.安装完成开始使用
traceroute --hostip -6 -I

traceroute --help

Usage:
traceroute [ -46dFITnreAUV ] [ -f first_ttl ] [ -g gate,… ] [ -i device ] [ -m max_ttl ] [ -N squeries ] [ -p port ] [ -t tos ] [ -l flow_label ] [ -w waittime ] [ -q nqueries ] [ -s src_addr ] [ -z sendwait ] host [ packetlen ]
Options:
-4 Use IPv4
-6 Use IPv6
-d --debug Enable socket level debugging
-F --dont-fragment Do not fragment packets
-f first_ttl --first=first_ttl
Start from the first_ttl hop (instead from 1)
-g gate,… --gateway=gate,…
Route packets through the specified gateway
(maximum 8 for IPv4 and 127 for IPv6)
-I --icmp Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting
-T --tcp Use TCP SYN for tracerouting
-i device --interface=device
Specify a network interface to operate with
-m max_ttl --max-hops=max_ttl
Set the max number of hops (max TTL to be
reached). Default is 30
-N squeries --sim-queries=squeries
Set the number of probes to be tried
simultaneously (default is 16)
-n Do not resolve IP addresses to their domain names
-p port --port=port Set the destination port to use. It is either
initial udp port value for “default” method
(incremented by each probe, default is 33434), or
initial seq for “icmp” (incremented as well,
default from 1), or some constant destination
port for other methods (with default of 80 for
“tcp”, 53 for “udp”, etc.)
-t tos --tos=tos Set the TOS (IPv4 type of service) or TC (IPv6
traffic class) value for outgoing packets
-l flow_label --flowlabel=flow_label
Use specified flow_label for IPv6 packets
-w waittime --wait=waittime
Set the number of seconds to wait for response to
a probe (default is 5.0). Non-integer (float
point) values allowed too
-q nqueries --queries=nqueries
Set the number of probes per each hop. Default is
3
-r Bypass the normal routing and send directly to a
host on an attached network
-s src_addr --source=src_addr
Use source src_addr for outgoing packets
-z sendwait --sendwait=sendwait
Minimal time interval between probes (default 0).
If the value is more than 10, then it specifies a
number in milliseconds, else it is a number of
seconds (float point values allowed too)
-e --extensions Show ICMP extensions (if present), including MPLS
-A --as-path-lookups Perform AS path lookups in routing registries and
print results directly after the corresponding
addresses
-M name --module=name Use specified module (either builtin or external)
for traceroute operations. Most methods have
their shortcuts (-I' means-M icmp’ etc.)
-O OPTS,… --options=OPTS,…
Use module-specific option OPTS for the
traceroute module. Several OPTS allowed,
separated by comma. If OPTS is “help”, print info
about available options
–sport=num Use source port num for outgoing packets. Implies
-N 1' -U --udp serial8250: too much work for irq4 Use UDP to particular port for tracerouting (instead of increasing the port per each probe), default port is 53 -UL Use UDPLITE for tracerouting (default dest port is 53) -P prot --protocol=prot Use raw packet of protocol prot for tracerouting --mtu Discover MTU along the path being traced. Implies-F -N 1’
–back Guess the number of hops in the backward path and
print if it differs
-V --version Print version info and exit
–help Read this help and exit
常见问题：
1.扫描路由时显示不全，如下

traceroute 2099::10:10:254:254

traceroute to 2099::10:10:254:254 (2099::10:10:254:254), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets
1 2099::10:10:0:1 (2099::10:10:0:1) 1.009 ms 1.508 ms *
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
5 * * *
6 * 2099::10:10:254:254 (2099::10:10:254:254) 0.795 ms 0.663 ms
原因及解决办法：
主要是因为有些节点把UDP数据包屏蔽了，所以没有返回ICMP。
对于有HTTP服务的主机，可以用参数设置traceroute使用TCP协议进行探测，就可以获得最终节点