PostgreSQL10基础（3）配置介绍

配置文件：postgresql.conf

网络和验证

# - Connection Settings -
#设置监听的IP
listen_addresses = '*'		# what IP address(es) to listen on;
					# comma-separated list of addresses;
					# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
					# (change requires restart)
#port = 5432				# (change requires restart)
#增加最大连接数
max_connections = 2048			# (change requires restart)
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3	# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql, /tmp'	# comma-separated list of directories
					# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = ''			# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777		# begin with 0 to use octal notation
					# (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off				# advertise server via Bonjour
					# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = ''			# defaults to the computer name
					# (change requires restart)

# - Security and Authentication -

#authentication_timeout = 1min		# 1s-600s
#ssl = off
#ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
#ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'
#ssl_dh_params_file = ''
#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'
#ssl_key_file = 'server.key'
#ssl_ca_file = ''
#ssl_crl_file = ''
#password_encryption = md5		# md5 or scram-sha-256
#db_user_namespace = off
#row_security = on

# GSSAPI using Kerberos
#krb_server_keyfile = ''
#krb_caseins_users = off

# - TCP Keepalives -
# see "man 7 tcp" for details
#设置连接检测机制，当连接空间tcp_keepalives_idle秒后，每tcp_keepalives_interval秒检测一次，如果tcp_keepalives_count没有响应则断开该连接
tcp_keepalives_idle = 300		# TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
					# 0 selects the system default
tcp_keepalives_interval = 20		# TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
					# 0 selects the system default
tcp_keepalives_count = 5		# TCP_KEEPCNT;
					# 0 selects the system default

资源

# - Memory -
#共享内存,在大于1G的专用服务器上一般设置为总内存的25%-40%，增大shared_buffers一般需要同时增大max_wal_size
shared_buffers = 256MB			# min 128kB
					# (change requires restart)
#huge_pages = try			# on, off, or try
					# (change requires restart)
#temp_buffers指定了每个会话访问临时表的最大内存
#temp_buffers = 8MB			# min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 0		# zero disables the feature
					# (change requires restart)
# Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless
# you actively intend to use prepared transactions.
#work_mem指定了每个会话进行排序、DISTINCT、Megre Join、Hash Join操作的内存，如果该内存不足，将使用临时表
#work_mem = 4MB				# min 64kB
#指定VACUUM, CREATE INDEX, and ALTER TABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY等维护工作最大使用内存
#maintenance_work_mem = 64MB		# min 1MB
#replacement_sort_tuples = 150000	# limits use of replacement selection sort
#autovacuum_work_mem = -1		# min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem
#max_stack_depth = 2MB			# min 100kB
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix	# the default is the first option
					# supported by the operating system:
					#   posix
					#   sysv
					#   windows
					#   mmap
					# use none to disable dynamic shared memory
					# (change requires restart)

# - Disk -

#temp_file_limit = -1			# limits per-process temp file space
					# in kB, or -1 for no limit

# - Kernel Resource Usage -

#max_files_per_process = 1000		# min 25
					# (change requires restart)
#加载的so
#shared_preload_libraries = ''		# (change requires restart)



# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -

#vacuum_cost_delay = 0			# 0-100 milliseconds
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200		# 1-10000 credits

# - Background Writer -

#bgwriter_delay = 200ms			# 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100		# 0-1000 max buffers written/round
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0		# 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round
#bgwriter_flush_after = 512kB		# measured in pages, 0 disables

# - Asynchronous Behavior -

#effective_io_concurrency = 1		# 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
#max_worker_processes = 8		# (change requires restart)
#max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2	# taken from max_parallel_workers
#max_parallel_workers = 8		# maximum number of max_worker_processes that
					# can be used in parallel queries
#old_snapshot_threshold = -1		# 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate
					# (change requires restart)
#backend_flush_after = 0		# measured in pages, 0 disables

WAL

# - Settings -
#日志格式，replica可用于数据恢复和复制，logical用于逻辑复制
#wal_level = replica			# minimal, replica, or logical
					# (change requires restart)
#实施刷新数据到磁盘
fsync = on				# flush data to disk for crash safety
					# (turning this off can cause
					# unrecoverable data corruption)
#事务提交是否将等待WAL记录写入磁盘
# off：不等待，虽然最近一些涉嫌提交的事务丢失，但不会产生数据库不一致的风险，性能更好
# synchronous_standby_names为空时local, remote_write, remote_apply, on的效果相同
# synchronous_standby_names不空时
#   remote_apply：日志在主和同步从已持久化，并且同步从已应用持久化日志
#   on：日志在主和同步从已持久化
#   remote_write：日志在主已持久化，已发送到从，但尚从未fsync到磁盘
#   local：日志在主已持久化
synchronous_commit = on		# synchronization level;
					# off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on
#wal_sync_method = fsync		# the default is the first option
					# supported by the operating system:
					#   open_datasync
					#   fdatasync (default on Linux)
					#   fsync
					#   fsync_writethrough
					#   open_sync
#full_page_writes = on			# recover from partial page writes
#wal_compression = off			# enable compression of full-page writes
#wal_log_hints = off			# also do full page writes of non-critical updates
					# (change requires restart)
wal_buffers = 16MB			# min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
					# (change requires restart)
#wal_writer_delay = 200ms		# 1-10000 milliseconds
#wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB		# measured in pages, 0 disables

#commit_delay = 0			# range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5			# range 1-1000

# - Checkpoints -

#checkpoint_timeout = 5min		# range 30s-1d
#max_wal_size = 1GB
#min_wal_size = 80MB
checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5	# checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
#checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB		# measured in pages, 0 disables
#checkpoint_warning = 30s		# 0 disables

# - Archiving -
# 设置归档，由于WAL是轮转的会被覆盖，归档可以保障数据完整性（不保证实时性）
#archive_mode = off		# enables archiving; off, on, or always
				# (change requires restart)
# 当archive_mode为on，一般通过archive_command命令复制归档文档到其他磁盘或服务器
# archive_command只能在成功时才能exit 0
#archive_command = ''		# command to use to archive a logfile segment
				# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
				#               %f = file name only
				# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
#archive_timeout = 0		# force a logfile segment switch after this
				# number of seconds; 0 disables		

复制

# - Sending Server(s) -

# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.

#最大WAL发送进程数量
max_wal_senders = 10		# max number of walsender processes
				# (change requires restart)
# 指定pg_wal备用服务器需要为流式复制提取它们时保留在目录中的最小日志文件段数。每个段通常是16兆字节。
# 如果连接到发送服务器的备用服务器落后多于wal_keep_segments分段，则发送服务器可能会删除备用服务器仍需要的WAL段，
# 在这种情况下复制连接将终止。下游连接最终也会因此而失败。（但是，如果正在使用WAL归档，备用服务器可以通过从归档中获取段来进行恢复
wal_keep_segments = 256		# in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
#wal_sender_timeout = 60s	# in milliseconds; 0 disables

#max_replication_slots = 10	# max number of replication slots
				# (change requires restart)
#track_commit_timestamp = off	# collect timestamp of transaction commit
				# (change requires restart)

# - Master Server -

# These settings are ignored on a standby server.

#synchronous_standby_names = ''	# standby servers that provide sync rep
				# method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys,
				# and comma-separated list of application_name
				# from standby(s); '*' = all
#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0	# number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

# - Standby Servers -

# These settings are ignored on a master server.
#从是否可以运行查询和连接
#hot_standby = on			# "off" disallows queries during recovery
					# (change requires restart)
#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s	# max delay before canceling queries
					# when reading WAL from archive;
					# -1 allows indefinite delay
#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s	# max delay before canceling queries
					# when reading streaming WAL;
					# -1 allows indefinite delay
#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s	# send replies at least this often
					# 0 disables
# 当在从上执行查询的数据可能和从的恢复数据冲突而报错，hot_standby_feedback为on可以解决问题，但将增大主的工作负载
#hot_standby_feedback = off		# send info from standby to prevent
					# query conflicts
#wal_receiver_timeout = 60s		# time that receiver waits for
					# communication from master
					# in milliseconds; 0 disables
#wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s	# time to wait before retrying to
					# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt

# - Subscribers -

# These settings are ignored on a publisher.

#max_logical_replication_workers = 4	# taken from max_worker_processes
					# (change requires restart)
#max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2	# taken from max_logical_replication_workers

查询优化–未修改

日志

# - Where to Log -

log_destination = 'stderr'		# Valid values are combinations of
					# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
					# depending on platform.  csvlog
					# requires logging_collector to be on.

# This is used when logging to stderr:
logging_collector = on			# Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
					# into log files. Required to be on for
					# csvlogs.
					# (change requires restart)

# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
log_directory = 'log'			# directory where log files are written,
					# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'	# log file name pattern,
					# can include strftime() escapes
#log_file_mode = 0600			# creation mode for log files,
					# begin with 0 to use octal notation
log_truncate_on_rotation = on		# If on, an existing log file with the
					# same name as the new log file will be
					# truncated rather than appended to.
					# But such truncation only occurs on
					# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
					# or size-driven rotation.  Default is
					# off, meaning append to existing files
					# in all cases.
log_rotation_age = 1d			# Automatic rotation of logfiles will
					# happen after that time.  0 disables.
log_rotation_size = 0			# Automatic rotation of logfiles will
					# happen after that much log output.
					# 0 disables.

# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
#syslog_sequence_numbers = on
#syslog_split_messages = on

# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
# (change requires restart)
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'

# - When to Log -

#client_min_messages = notice		# values in order of decreasing detail:
					#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
					#   log
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error

#log_min_messages = warning		# values in order of decreasing detail:
					#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
					#   info
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error
					#   log
					#   fatal
					#   panic

#log_min_error_statement = error	# values in order of decreasing detail:
					#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
					#   info
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error
					#   log
					#   fatal
					#   panic (effectively off)
#记录大于log_min_duration_statement毫秒的statement
log_min_duration_statement = 250	# -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
					# and their durations, > 0 logs only
					# statements running at least this number
					# of milliseconds


# - What to Log -

#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = on
log_checkpoints = on
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_error_verbosity = default		# terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_hostname = off
# 日志前缀
log_line_prefix = '%t [%p]: [%l-1] user=%u,db=%d,app=%a,client=%h '		# special values:
					#   %a = application name
					#   %u = user name
					#   %d = database name
					#   %r = remote host and port
					#   %h = remote host
					#   %p = process ID
					#   %t = timestamp without milliseconds
					#   %m = timestamp with milliseconds
					#   %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)
					#   %i = command tag
					#   %e = SQL state
					#   %c = session ID
					#   %l = session line number
					#   %s = session start timestamp
					#   %v = virtual transaction ID
					#   %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
					#   %q = stop here in non-session
					#        processes
					#   %% = '%'
					# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_lock_waits = off			# log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
# 记录DDL语句
log_statement = 'ddl'			# none, ddl, mod, all
#log_replication_commands = off
#log_temp_files = -1			# log temporary files equal or larger
					# than the specified size in kilobytes;
					# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'PRC'


# - Process Title -

#cluster_name = ''			# added to process titles if nonempty
					# (change requires restart)
#update_process_title = on

运行时统计

# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -

#track_activities = on
#track_counts = on
track_io_timing = on
#track_functions = none			# none, pl, all
#track_activity_query_size = 1024	# (change requires restart)
#stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'


# - Statistics Monitoring -

#log_parser_stats = off
#log_planner_stats = off
#log_executor_stats = off
#log_statement_stats = off