Oracle 12c 手工创建CDB数据库

下面我们来看一下，Oracle 12c 如何的来手工创建cdb的数据库

与10G，11G一样，创建数据库的基本的流程是一样的

1. 手工创建密码文件

2. 创建服务器参数文件spfile

3. startup nomount

4. 使用create database的语句才创建我们的数据库

5. 执行后续的脚本

下面我们来一步一的分析下每一步的操作

先看看密码文件创建，还是与10g，11g相同

orapwd file=orapwenmo password=oracle entries=10

下面我们来创建spfile文件，在12c数据库中，也是提供了一个init.ora的文件的，但是这个init.ora的文件还是11g的，所以我们需要对这个初始化参数进行一下修改。

cat init.ora |grep -v ^# |grep -v ^$ >>initenmo.ora

原来的参数

db_name='ORCL'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest=''
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300 
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2)
compatible ='11.2.0'

修改以后的参数

*.audit_file_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/enmo/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='enmo'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
*.diagnostic_dest='$ORACLE_BASE'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
*.enable_pluggable_database=TRUE
*.memory_target=1G
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

我们这儿需要删除掉compatible 参数以及 把enable_pluggable_database设置为true，这样我们才能够创建cdb

下一步，我们需要手动编写创建cdb的脚本，

官方文档的位置 http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/cdb_create.htm#ADMIN14210

CREATE DATABASE newcdb
  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/logs/my/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo01b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 2 ('/u01/logs/my/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo02b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 3 ('/u01/logs/my/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo03b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXLOGFILES 16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  MAXDATAFILES 1024
  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
  DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/system01.dbf'
    SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/sysaux01.dbf'
    SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/deftbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
     TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/undotbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
    SEED
    FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/', 
                         '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/')
    SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
  USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
    DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'
    SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

我们修改成

CREATE DATABASE enmo
  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo01b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo02b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo03b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXLOGFILES 16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  MAXDATAFILES 1024
  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
  DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/system01.dbf'
    SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/sysaux01.dbf'
    SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/deftbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
     TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/undotbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
    SEED
    FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/', 
                         '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/')
    SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
  USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
    DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'
    SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

最后我们执行脚本

@?/rdbms/admin/catcdb.sql

在这行这个脚本的时候，我们可能会遇到错误

Can't locate Term/ReadKey.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 . /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/) at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/catcon.pm line 189.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/catcon.pm line 189.
Compilation failed in require at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl line 94.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl line 94.

这个是perl的包没有安装，我们直接通过yum源安装perl组建，就可以顺利的完成安装的工作了。