sqlplus不能连接本地Oracle数据库

      最近本地环境上安装了timesten，设置了一些环境变量，直接导致本地的sqlplus连不上数据库了，做了一些测试：

缺失环境变量: 

 oracle_sid ora11 
 NS_ADMIN  F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Feb 14 15:05:58 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
Enter user-name:

C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus test/test@ora112
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Feb 14 15:06:34 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
Enter user-name:


只缺失环境变量： 
TNS_ADMIN  F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Feb 14 15:19:42 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>

C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus test/test@ora112
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Feb 14 15:03:16 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
Enter user-name:


只缺失环境变量: 
 oracle_sid ora11 
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus test/test@ora112
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Feb 14 15:17:36 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>

C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Feb 14 15:11:54 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
Enter user-name: 


listener.ora中：
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
    )
  )
  
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Feb 14 15:23:04 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> 

C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus test/test@ora112
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Feb 14 15:23:08 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect
descriptor


改SID_NAME为ora11，重启监听
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
    )
  )
两种方式都可以成功。


总结一下：
缺失TNS_ADMIN，sqlplus test/test可以成功。
缺失oracle_sid，sqlplus test/test@ora112可以成功。
缺失TNS_ADMIN，oracle_sid，两个都不成功。
listener.ora SID_NAME错误，sqlplus test/test可以成功。

说明oracle_sid对sqlplus test/test有直接影响。TNS_ADMIN，listener.ora对sqlplus test/test@ora112有直接影响。

listener.ora中的sid_name要与tnsname.ora中的SERVICE_NAME一致。
listener.ora:
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ora11)
      (ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")
    )
  )
  
tnsname.ora:
ORA115 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ora11)
    )
  )