在RHEL5上安装oracle 11g

在RHEL5上安装oracle 11g

1) Check Memory and swap

-- Check Physical RAM.
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:      2075424 kB
/*
 We need at least 1GB of physical RAM.
 In my case I have 2GB.
*/

-- Check Swap Space.
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:     3148732 kB

/*
 RAM between 1GB and 2GB then Swap = 1.5 times the size of RAM
 RAM between 2GB and 16GB then Swap = equal to the size of RAM
 RAM more than 16GB then Swap Size = 16GB
 Since my RAM is 2GB, so I have 3GB of Swap Size.
*/

# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                1014M     0 1014M   0% /dev/shm


/*
 What ever you are going to use your Automatic Memory Management
 Targets later on this database, you need to have shared memory
 file system size at lease equal to those settings. In my case I
 have plans to use memory management targets lower then 1000M
 so 1014 M of shared memory file system is sufficient for me.
 But if you would like to have a bigger shared memory (/dev/shm)
 size then do the following:
*/

# umount tmpfs
# mount -t tmpfs tmpfs -o size=1500m /dev/shm
# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                 1.5G     0  1.5G   0% /dev/shm

Make the setting permanent by amending the "tmpfs" setting of the "/etc/fstab" file to look like this.
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=1500m 0 0

2) Open /etc/sysctl.conf and add these lines

# Oracle settings
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304

3) Open /etc/security/limits.conf and add these lines.

grid     soft     nproc     2047
grid     hard     nproc     16384
grid     soft     nofile     1024
grid     hard     nofile     65536
oracle           soft    nproc   2047
oracle           hard    nproc   16384
oracle           soft    nofile  1024
oracle           hard    nofile  65536

4) Open /etc/pam.d/login and add the following line if it is already not there.

session    required     pam_limits.so

5) Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows:

SELINUX=disabled

If you leave SELINUX=enforcing then you may get an error later while starting sqlplus:
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries:
/usr/lib/oracle/default/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot restore segment
prot after reloc: Permission denied

6) Install all necessary packages for Oracle
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# mkdir bak
# mv rhel-debuginfo.repo bak/
Open /etc/yum.repos.d/http.repo  and add these lines.

[rehl-http]
name=rehl-http
baseurl=http://192.168.56.1/rhel58_64/Server
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=http://192.168.56.1/rhel58_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

For RHEL 5 (32-bit):

yum install -y binutils-2*
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33*
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-0*
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel-0*
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0*
yum install -y gcc-4*
yum install -y gcc-c++-4*
yum install -y glibc-2*`uname -p`*
yum install -y glibc-common-2*
yum install -y glibc-devel-2*
yum install -y glibc-headers-2*
yum install -y kernel-headers-2*
yum install -y ksh-20*
yum install -y libaio-0*
yum install -y libaio-devel-0*
yum install -y libgcc-4*
yum install -y libgomp-4*
yum install -y libstdc++-4*
yum install -y libstdc++-devel-4*
yum install -y make-3*
yum install -y numactl-devel-0*
yum install -y sysstat-7*
yum install -y unixODBC-2*
yum install -y unixODBC-devel-2*
yum install -y openmotif*

For RHEL 5 (64-bit):

yum install -y binutils-2*`uname -p`*
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33*`uname -p`*
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33*i386*
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-0*`uname -p`*
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel-0*`uname -p`*
yum install -y gcc-4*`uname -p`*
yum install -y gcc-c++-4*`uname -p`*
yum install -y glibc-2*`uname -p`*
yum install -y glibc-2*i686*
yum install -y glibc-common-2*`uname -p`*
yum install -y glibc-devel-2*`uname -p`*
yum install -y glibc-devel-2*i386*
yum install -y glibc-headers-2*`uname -p`*
yum install -y ksh-20*`uname -p`*
yum install -y libaio-0*`uname -p`*
yum install -y libaio-0*i386*
yum install -y libaio-devel-0*`uname -p`*
yum install -y libaio-devel-0*i386*
yum install -y libgcc-4*`uname -p`*
yum install -y libgcc-4*i386*
yum install -y libstdc++-4*`uname -p`*
yum install -y libstdc++-4*i386*
yum install -y libstdc++-devel-4*`uname -p`*
yum install -y make-3*`uname -p`*
yum install -y numactl-devel-0*`uname -p`*
yum install -y sysstat-7*`uname -p`*
yum install -y unixODBC-2*`uname -p`*
yum install -y unixODBC-2*i386*
yum install -y unixODBC-devel-2*`uname -p`*
yum install -y unixODBC-devel-2*i386*
yum install -y openmotif*

7) Add group and users
Oracle Inventory Group (typically oinstall)
The Oracle Automatic Storage Management Group (typically asmadmin)
The ASM Database Administrator group (OSDBA for ASM, typically asmdba)
Members of the ASM Operator Group (OSOPER for ASM, typically asmoper)
Database Administrator (OSDBA, typically dba)
Database Operator (OSOPER, typically oper)

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba
groupadd -g 1202 asmoper
useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "Grid Infrastructure Owner" grid
groupadd -g 1300 dba
groupadd -g 1301 oper
useradd -m -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle

8) grid profile

su - grid
                              
# ---------------------------------------------------
# .bash_profile
# ---------------------------------------------------
# OS User:      grid
# Application:  Oracle Grid Infrastructure
# Version:      Oracle 11g release 2
# ---------------------------------------------------

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
      . ~/.bashrc
fi

alias ls="ls -FA"

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_SID
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the Oracle system identifier (SID)
# for the Automatic Storage Management (ASM)instance
# running on this node.
# Each RAC node must have a unique ORACLE_SID.
# (i.e. +ASM1, +ASM2,...)
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID

# ---------------------------------------------------
# JAVA_HOME
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory of the Java SDK and Runtime
# Environment.
# ---------------------------------------------------
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_BASE
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the base of the Oracle directory structure
# for Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) compliant
# installations. The Oracle base directory for the
# grid installation owner is the location where
# diagnostic and administrative logs, and other logs
# associated with Oracle ASM and Oracle Clusterware
# are stored.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_HOME
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory containing the Oracle
# Grid Infrastructure software. For grid
# infrastructure for a cluster installations, the Grid
# home must not be placed under one of the Oracle base
# directories, or under Oracle home directories of
# Oracle Database installation owners, or in the home
# directory of an installation owner. During
# installation, ownership of the path to the Grid
# home is changed to root. This change causes
# permission errors for other installations.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the search path for files used by Oracle
# applications such as SQL*Plus. If the full path to
# the file is not specified, or if the file is not
# in the current directory, the Oracle application
# uses ORACLE_PATH to locate the file.
# This variable is used by SQL*Plus, Forms and Menu.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# SQLPATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory or list of directories that
# SQL*Plus searches for a login.sql file.
# ---------------------------------------------------
# SQLPATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sql; export SQLPATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_TERM
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Defines a terminal definition. If not set, it
# defaults to the value of your TERM environment
# variable. Used by all character mode products.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

# ---------------------------------------------------
# NLS_DATE_FORMAT
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the default date format to use with the
# TO_CHAR and TO_DATE functions. The default value of
# this parameter is determined by NLS_TERRITORY. The
# value of this parameter can be any valid date
# format mask, and the value must be surrounded by
# double quotation marks. For example:
#
#         NLS_DATE_FORMAT = "MM/DD/YYYY"
#
# ---------------------------------------------------
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT

# ---------------------------------------------------
# TNS_ADMIN
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory containing the Oracle Net
# Services configuration files like listener.ora,
# tnsnames.ora, and sqlnet.ora.
# ---------------------------------------------------
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORA_NLS11
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory where the language,
# territory, character set, and linguistic definition
# files are stored.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11

# ---------------------------------------------------
# PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Used by the shell to locate executable programs;
# must include the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory.
# ---------------------------------------------------
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the list of directories that the shared
# library loader searches to locate shared object
# libraries at runtime.
# ---------------------------------------------------
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# CLASSPATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory or list of directories that
# contain compiled Java classes.
# ---------------------------------------------------
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# THREADS_FLAG
# ---------------------------------------------------
# All the tools in the JDK use green threads as a
# default. To specify that native threads should be
# used, set the THREADS_FLAG environment variable to
# "native". You can revert to the use of green
# threads by setting THREADS_FLAG to the value
# "green".
# ---------------------------------------------------
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG

# ---------------------------------------------------
# TEMP, TMP, and TMPDIR
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specify the default directories for temporary
# files; if set, tools that create temporary files
# create them in one of these directories.
# ---------------------------------------------------
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp

# ---------------------------------------------------
# UMASK
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Set the default file mode creation mask
# (umask) to 022 to ensure that the user performing
# the Oracle software installation creates files
# with 644 permissions.
# ---------------------------------------------------
umask 022

9) oracle profile

su - oracle

# ---------------------------------------------------
# .bash_profile
# ---------------------------------------------------
# OS User:      oracle
# Application:  Oracle Database Software Owner
# Version:      Oracle 11g release 2
# ---------------------------------------------------

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
      . ~/.bashrc
fi

alias ls="ls -FA"

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_SID
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the Oracle system identifier (SID) for
# the Oracle instance running on this node.
# Each RAC node must have a unique ORACLE_SID.
# (i.e. racdb1, racdb2,...)
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID=racdb1; export ORACLE_SID

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_UNQNAME
# ---------------------------------------------------
# In previous releases of Oracle Database, you were
# required to set environment variables for
# ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID to start, stop, and
# check the status of Enterprise Manager. With
# Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) and later, you
# need to set the environment variables ORACLE_HOME
# and ORACLE_UNQNAME to use Enterprise Manager.
# Set ORACLE_UNQNAME equal to the database unique
# name.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_UNQNAME=racdb; export ORACLE_UNQNAME

# ---------------------------------------------------
# JAVA_HOME
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory of the Java SDK and Runtime
# Environment.
# ---------------------------------------------------
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_BASE
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the base of the Oracle directory structure
# for Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) compliant
# database software installations.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_HOME
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory containing the Oracle
# Database software.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the search path for files used by Oracle
# applications such as SQL*Plus. If the full path to
# the file is not specified, or if the file is not
# in the current directory, the Oracle application
# uses ORACLE_PATH to locate the file.
# This variable is used by SQL*Plus, Forms and Menu.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# SQLPATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory or list of directories that
# SQL*Plus searches for a login.sql file.
# ---------------------------------------------------
# SQLPATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sql; export SQLPATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORACLE_TERM
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Defines a terminal definition. If not set, it
# defaults to the value of your TERM environment
# variable. Used by all character mode products.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

# ---------------------------------------------------
# NLS_DATE_FORMAT
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the default date format to use with the
# TO_CHAR and TO_DATE functions. The default value of
# this parameter is determined by NLS_TERRITORY. The
# value of this parameter can be any valid date
# format mask, and the value must be surrounded by
# double quotation marks. For example:
#
#         NLS_DATE_FORMAT = "MM/DD/YYYY"
#
# ---------------------------------------------------
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT

# ---------------------------------------------------
# TNS_ADMIN
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory containing the Oracle Net
# Services configuration files like listener.ora,
# tnsnames.ora, and sqlnet.ora.
# ---------------------------------------------------
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN

# ---------------------------------------------------
# ORA_NLS11
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory where the language,
# territory, character set, and linguistic definition
# files are stored.
# ---------------------------------------------------
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11

# ---------------------------------------------------
# PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Used by the shell to locate executable programs;
# must include the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory.
# ---------------------------------------------------
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the list of directories that the shared
# library loader searches to locate shared object
# libraries at runtime.
# ---------------------------------------------------
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# CLASSPATH
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specifies the directory or list of directories that
# contain compiled Java classes.
# ---------------------------------------------------
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH

# ---------------------------------------------------
# THREADS_FLAG
# ---------------------------------------------------
# All the tools in the JDK use green threads as a
# default. To specify that native threads should be
# used, set the THREADS_FLAG environment variable to
# "native". You can revert to the use of green
# threads by setting THREADS_FLAG to the value
# "green".
# ---------------------------------------------------
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG

# ---------------------------------------------------
# TEMP, TMP, and TMPDIR
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Specify the default directories for temporary
# files; if set, tools that create temporary files
# create them in one of these directories.
# ---------------------------------------------------
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp

# ---------------------------------------------------
# UMASK
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Set the default file mode creation mask
# (umask) to 022 to ensure that the user performing
# the Oracle software installation creates files
# with 644 permissions.
# ---------------------------------------------------
umask 022

10) Create the Oracle Base Directory Path

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01

11) Configure udev

Open /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules and add these lines.

KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi",ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="SATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBe1bcb77d-85cc9b15", NAME="asmdisk1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi",ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="SATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB53d238b1-f4369acd", NAME="asmdisk2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

Then reboot udev service.

/sbin/udevcontrol reload_rules
/sbin/start_udev

12) Install Grid

13) Install RDBMS

14) dbca

15) Add new Service
srvctl add service -d test -s ocp -r test1 -a test2 -P BASIC -y automatic -e SELECT -z 5 -w 180
#Please modify the parameter service_names as soon as possible,otherwise the new service will be registered by only one instance.
SQL> alter system set service_names='test,ocp'
switch to grid user account and check the status of listener.
lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN1
..........
Service "ocp" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "test1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "test2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
..........  

#change Runtime Load Balancing Goal.(SERVICE_TIME, THROUGHPUT, or NONE)
srvctl modify service -d test -s ocp -B SERVICE_TIME

#Change Connection Load Balancing Goal (SHORT or LONG). Default is LONG.
srvctl modify service -d test -s ocp -j short

#check service
srvctl config service -d test