Postfix配置Q&A
原文地址：http://space.doit.com.cn/51460/viewspace-4943.html
在配置Postfix中遇到的一些问题及相关的解决方法，希望在遇到相同的问题时能起参考的作用．在这里有必要提到一些相关的日志文件，因为很多的错误都会在日志中有体现，日志文件的存放位置可以由用户定义，这里所说的日志文件是按前面的文章中定义的存放位置（http://waringid.blog.51cto.com/65148/58210），请自行参照更改．
显示信件列表：
postqueue -p
显示信件內容： postcat -q Queue_ID
刪除各別信件： postsuper -d Queue_ID
全部刪除： postsuper -d ALL
扣住信件： postsuper -h Queue_ID
回复： postsuper -H Queue_ID
重新排程：
postsuper -r Queue_ID
postsuper -r ALL
清除信件：
postqueue -f (全部)
postqueue -s 主机名称(个别对象)
要查看Postfix的当前主要配置文件的存放路径：
postconf -n
系统日志： tail -f /var/log/messages
邮件日志： tail -f /var/log/maillog
clamd相关： tail -f /var/log/clamav/clamd.log tail -f /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log
maildrop相关： tail -f /var/log/maildrop.log
apache相关： tail -f /usr/local/httpd/logs/error_log tail -f /usr/local/httpd/logs/suexec_log
mysql相关： tail -f /usr/local/mysql/data/linux.linux.com.err
测试amavisd： amavisd -d config debug-sa
测试spam： spamassassin -D --lint
测试maildrop： maildrop -V 10 -d[email protected]
显示信件內容： postcat -q Queue_ID
刪除各別信件： postsuper -d Queue_ID
全部刪除： postsuper -d ALL
扣住信件： postsuper -h Queue_ID
回复： postsuper -H Queue_ID
重新排程：
postsuper -r Queue_ID
postsuper -r ALL
清除信件：
postqueue -f (全部)
postqueue -s 主机名称(个别对象)
要查看Postfix的当前主要配置文件的存放路径：
postconf -n
系统日志： tail -f /var/log/messages
邮件日志： tail -f /var/log/maillog
clamd相关： tail -f /var/log/clamav/clamd.log tail -f /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log
maildrop相关： tail -f /var/log/maildrop.log
apache相关： tail -f /usr/local/httpd/logs/error_log tail -f /usr/local/httpd/logs/suexec_log
mysql相关： tail -f /usr/local/mysql/data/linux.linux.com.err
测试amavisd： amavisd -d config debug-sa
测试spam： spamassassin -D --lint
测试maildrop： maildrop -V 10 -d[email protected]
问题一：
| Q Aug 7 22:26:22 mail postfix/smtpd[16829]: warning: xsasl_cyrus_server_get_mechanism_list: no applicable SASL mechanisms Aug 7 22:26:22 mail postfix/smtpd[16829]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms Aug 7 22:26:23 mail postfix/master[16825]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd pid 16829 exit status 1 Aug 7 22:26:23 mail postfix/master[16825]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling Aug 7 22:28:06 mail postfix/smtpd[16830]: warning: xsasl_cyrus_server_get_mechanism_list: no applicable SASL mechanisms Aug 7 22:28:06 mail postfix/smtpd[16830]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms Aug 7 22:28:07 mail postfix/master[16825]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd pid 16830 exit status 1 |
| A ln -s /usr/local/lib/sasl2 /usr/lib/sasl2 |
问题二：
| Q Jan 15 20:24:43 localhost postfix/smtpd[3048]: warning: SASL authentication problem: unable to open Berkeley db /etc/sasldb2: No such file or directory |
| A 系统已经安装sasl-cyrus 删除掉，然后编译重装 |
问题三：
| Q install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't locate DBD/mysql.pm in @INC (@INC contains: |
| A [root@redhat tmp]#tar zxvf DBD-mysql-3.0008.tar.gz 重新安装 |
问题四：
| Q Can't chdir to /home/mailbox//Maildir, No such file or directory |
| A 不能进入邮件目录，请先在extman后台建立postmaster用户 |
问题五：
| Q SELECT username, password, "", '1001', '1001', concat('/var/mailbox/',maildir), "", "", username, "" FROM mailbox WHERE username = "[email protected]" maildrop: Timeout quota exceeded. |
| A 请检查/usr/local/authlib/etc/authlib/mysqlauthrc的quota配置项 |
问题六：
| Q sh: /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory |
| A ln -s /usr/local/postfix-2.2.8/src/sendmail/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail |
问题八：
| Q error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory |
| A [root@linux tmp]#rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.i386.rpm |
问题九：
| Q Starting mail statistics grapher: mailgraph_ext Can't locate RRDs.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi |
| A ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/lib/perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/RRDs.pm \ /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/ |
问题十：
| Q Can't locate loadable object for module RRDs in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi |
| A ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/lib/perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/auto/RRDs/RRDs.so \ /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/ |
问题十一：
| Q Can't load '/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/auto/GD/GD.so' for module GD: libgd.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/DynaLoader.pm line 230., referer:http://192.168.44.200/extman/cgi/index.cgi |
| A [root@linux tmp]#vi /etc/ld.so.conf [root@linux tmp]#less /etc/ld.so.conf include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/mysql/lib /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/lib /usr/local/authlib/lib/courier-authlib /usr/local/sasl2/lib /usr/local/sasl2/lib/sasl2 /usr/local/clamav/lib /usr/local/lib /usr/local/authlib/lib/courier-authlib /usr/local/gd/lib /usr/local/jpeg/lib /usr/local/fontconfig/lib /usr/local/freetype2/lib /usr/local/png/lib [root@linux tmp]#ldconfig -v |
问题七：
| Q Jan 28 05:04:56 linux postfix/pickup[13892]: DEBD68075: uid=0 from=<root> Jan 28 05:04:56 linux postfix/cleanup[14026]: DEBD68075: hold: header Received: by linux.test.com (Postfix, from userid 0)??id DEBD68075; Mon, 28 Jan 2008 05:04 :56 +0800 (CST) from local; from=<[email protected]> Jan 28 05:04:56 linux postfix/cleanup[14026]: DEBD68075: message-id=<20080127210 [email protected]> |
| A 不要将amavisd和MailScanner装在一起##可能有其它解决办法吧 |
问题十二：
| Q httpd: Syntax error on line 99 of /etc/httpd/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/local/\httpd/modules/libphp5.so into server: /usr/local/\httpd/modules/libphp5.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied |
| A 1：禁用selinux 2：chcon -t texrel_shlib_t /usr/local/apache2/modules/*.so |
问题十三：
| Q Jun 20 15:29:08 mail authdaemond: authldaplib: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=1001, sysgroupid=1001, homedir=/var/mailbox/test.com/test01,[email protected], fullname=test01, maildir=test.com/test01/Maildir/, quota=5242880S, ptions=<null> Jun 20 15:29:08 mail authdaemond: authldaplib: clearpasswd=<null>, passwd=$1$8pBM6cXc$Va6UkybwOdSyExU82pQ1A0 Jun 20 15:29:08 mail authdaemond: rebinding with DN '[email protected],virtualDomain=test.com,o=extmailAccount,dc=test.com' to validate password Jun 20 15:29:08 mail authdaemond: authentication bind failed, invalid credentials |
| A vi /etc/authlib/authldaprc 72 #LDAP_AUTHBIND 1 |
问题十四：
| Q pop3d: chdir test.com/test01: No such file or directory |
| A vi /etc/authlib/authldaprc #LDAP_MAILDIR mailMessageStore |
问题十五：
| Q configure: error: Please fix the library issues listed above and try again. |
| A cp /usr/local/png/lib/pkgconfig/libpng.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/ |
问题十六：
| Q Can't locate GD.pm in @INC (@INC contains: |
| A 安装GD-2.35.tar.gz |
问题十七：
| Q 怎样查看postfix日志成功接收到邮件：(交货到邮件目录) |
| A cat /var/log/maillog |grep "delivered to maildir" cat /var/log/maillog |grep "delivered to maildir" | egrep -o "(\w+)([@]{1}\w+[.]{1,})(\w+)" |
问题十八：
| Q 怎样取当天日志： |
| A cat /var/log/maillog | egrep "`data | awk "`'{print ""$2" "$3""}'`" |
问题十九：
| Q 怎样取指定日期日志： |
| A cat /var/log/maill | grep "^Sep\ 25" | egrep "reject|warning|error|fatal|panic" | more |
慢慢再增加吧．