SQL Server 2000:
在一些统计报表中,常常会用到将行结果用列形式展现。我们这里用一个常见的学生各门课程的成绩报表,来实际展示实现方法。
我们用到的表结构如下:
三张表的关系为:
现有的测试数据为:
我们需要的结果是:
SQL语句如下:
DECLARE @strSQL VARCHAR(
8000)
SET @strSQL =
'SELECT t.STUNAME [姓名]'
SELECT @strSQL = @strSQL +
',SUM(CASE s.SNAME WHEN '
'' + SNAME +
''
' THEN g.[Score] END) [' + SNAME +
']'
FROM (
SELECT SNAME
FROM [Subject])
AS tmp
SELECT @strSQL = @strSQL +
' FROM [Score] g,[Subject] s, [Student] t WHERE g.SID=s.SID AND g.STUID = t.STUID GROUP BY t.STUID, t.STUNAME'
EXEC(@strSQL)
SQL SERVER 2005 中,已经有实现此功能的内置方法了。
SQL SERVER 2005中新增加了两个关系运算符 PIVOT/ UNPIVOT,能够实现表中的列转换到行,以及行到列的转换工作。
举例,还是先创建测试数据表:
CREATE
TABLE sales.salesByMonth
(
year
char(
4),
month
char(
3),
amount
money,
PRIMARY KEY (year, month)
)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Jan',
789.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Feb',
389.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Mar',
8867.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Apr',
778.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'May',
78.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Jun',
9.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Jul',
987.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Aug',
866.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Sep',
7787.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Oct',
85576.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Nov',
855.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2004',
'Dec',
5878.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2005',
'Jan',
7.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2005',
'Feb',
6868.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2005',
'Mar',
688.
0000)
INSERT
INTO sales.salesByMonth (year, month, amount)
VALUES(
'2005',
'Apr',
9897.
0000)
我们想要得到类似这样的结果:
Year Jan Feb Mar …………..
—– ———- ———– ———–
2004 789.0000 389.0000 8867.0000 ………….
2005 7.0000 6868.0000 688.0000 …………..
用上面介绍的方法当然可以实现,但现在这里想要的列是固定的,不是动态的,就是12个月,所以也可以这样子来用:
SELECT year,
SUM(case
when month =
'Jan'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Jan',
SUM(case
when month =
'Feb'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Feb',
SUM(case
when month =
'Mar'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Mar',
SUM(case
when month =
'Apr'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Apr',
SUM(case
when month =
'May'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'May',
SUM(case
when month =
'Jun'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Jun',
SUM(case
when month =
'Jul'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Jul',
SUM(case
when month =
'Aug'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Aug',
SUM(case
when month =
'Sep'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Sep',
SUM(case
when month =
'Oct'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Oct',
SUM(case
when month =
'Nov'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Nov',
SUM(case
when month =
'Dec'
then amount
else
0
end)
AS
'Dec'
FROM sales.salesByMonth
GROUP
by year
但这样事实上还是相当麻烦的,现在SQLSERVER2005中有更方便的实现方法。
SELECT Year,[Jan],[Feb],[Mar],[Apr],[May],[Jun],[Jul],[Aug],[Sep],[Oct],[Nov],[Dec]
FROM (
SELECT year, amount, month
FROM sales.salesByMonth )
AS salesByMonth
PIVOT (
SUM(amount)
FOR month
IN
([Jan],[Feb],[Mar],[Apr],[May],[Jun],[Jul],[Aug],[Sep],[Oct],[Nov],[Dec])
)
AS ourPivot
ORDER
BY Year
就是这样,很简单的用法,效果是完全一样的。
我们再尝试一下把year去掉:
SELECT [Jan],[Feb],[Mar],[Apr],[May],[Jun],[Jul],[Aug],[Sep],[Oct],[Nov],[Dec]
FROM (
SELECT amount, month
FROM sales.salesByMonth )
AS salesByMonth
PIVOT (
SUM(amount)
FOR month
IN
([Jan],[Feb],[Mar],[Apr],[May],[Jun],[Jul],[Aug],[Sep],[Oct],[Nov],[Dec])
)
AS ourPivot
得到的结果是:
Jan Feb Mar …
———- ———— ———–
796.0000 7257.0000 9555.0000 …
同一个月份的数据累加到一起。
再给个微软官方的例子:
本文转载自:http://www.zu14.cn/2008/10/30/sql2k_row_to_col/
http://www.zu14.cn/2008/12/04/sql2005/