SQL查询

/*******初始化学生表的数据******/
 create table student(
 sno varchar2(10) primary key,
 sname varchar2(20),
 sage number(2),
 ssex varchar2(5)
 );
 
 insert into student values ('s001','趙三',23,'男');
 insert into student values ('s002','李四',23,'男');
 insert into student values ('s003','胡四',25,'男');
 insert into student values ('s004','琴沁',20,'女');
 insert into student values ('s005','王理',20,'女');
 insert into student values ('s006','李波',21,'男');
 insert into student values ('s007','劉玉',21,'男');
 insert into student values ('s008','肖蓉',21,'女');
 insert into student values ('s009','陳小',23,'女');
 insert into student values ('s010','陳美',22,'女');
 commit;
 /******************初始化教师表***********************/
  create table teacher(
 tno varchar2(10) primary key,
 tname varchar2(20)
 );
 
 insert into teacher values ('t001', '劉章');
 insert into teacher values ('t002', '明燕');
 insert into teacher values ('t003', '胡明星');
 commit;
 /***************初始化课程表****************************/
  create table course(
 cno varchar2(10),
 cname varchar2(20),
 tno varchar2(20),
 constraint pk_course primary key (cno,tno)
 );
 
 insert into course values ('c001','J2SE','t002');
 insert into course values ('c002','Java Web','t002');
 insert into course values ('c003','SSH','t001');
 insert into course values ('c004','Oracle','t001');
 insert into course values ('c005','SQL SERVER 2005','t003');
 insert into course values ('c006','C#','t003');
 insert into course values ('c007','JavaScript','t002');
 insert into course values ('c008','DIV+CSS','t001');
 insert into course values ('c009','PHP','t003');
 insert into course values ('c010','EJB3.0','t002');
 commit;
 /***************初始化成绩表***********************/
  create table sc(
 sno varchar2(10),
 cno varchar2(10),
 score number(4,2),
 constraint pk_sc primary key (sno,cno)
 );
 
 insert into sc values ('s001','c001',78.9);
 insert into sc values ('s002','c001',80.9);
 insert into sc values ('s003','c001',81.9);
 insert into sc values ('s004','c001',60.9);
 insert into sc values ('s001','c002',82.9);
 insert into sc values ('s002','c002',72.9);
 insert into sc values ('s003','c002',81.9);
 insert into sc values ('s001','c003','59');
 commit;
  
  
 练习:
 注意:以下练习中的数据是根据初始化到数据库中的数据来写的SQL 语句,请大家务必注意。
  
  
 1、查询“c001”课程比“c002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;
 2、查询平均成绩大于60 分的同学的学号和平均成绩;
 3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩;
 4、查询姓“刘”的老师的个数;
 5、查询没学过“明燕”老师课的同学的学号、姓名;
 6、查询学过“c001”并且也学过编号“c002”课程的同学的学号、姓名;
 7、查询学过“明燕”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
 8、查询课程编号“c002”的成绩比课程编号“c001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名;
 9、查询所有课程成绩小于60 分的同学的学号、姓名;
 10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
 11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“s001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名;
 12、查询至少学过学号为“s001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名;
 13、把“SC”表中“明燕”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩;
 14、查询和“s001”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名;
 15、删除学习“明燕”老师课的SC 表记录;
 16、向SC 表中插入一些记录,这些记录要求符合以下条件:没有上过编号“c002”课程的同学学号、“c002”号课的平均成绩;
 17、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,最高分,最低分
 18、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序
 19、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
 20、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]
 21、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)
 22、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
 23、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
 24、查询男生、女生人数
 25、查询姓“张”的学生名单
 26、查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
 27、1981 年出生的学生名单(注:Student 表中Sage 列的类型是number)
 28、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列
 29、查询平均成绩大于85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
 30、查询课程名称为“数据库”,且分数低于60 的学生姓名和分数
 31、查询所有学生的选课情况;
 32、查询任何一门课程成绩在70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数;
 33、查询不及格的课程,并按课程号从大到小排列
 34、查询课程编号为c001 且课程成绩在80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名;
 35、求选了课程的学生人数
 36、查询选修“明燕”老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
 37、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数
 38、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩
 39、查询每门功课成绩最好的前两名
 40、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过10 人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
 41、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
 42、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名
 43、查询没学过“明燕”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
 44、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
 45、检索“c004”课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的同学学号
 46、删除“s002”同学的“c001”课程的成绩




select * from student;
select * from teacher;
select * from course;
select * from sc;


update sc
set score=55
where sno='s012' and cno='c001';


/*1、查询“c001”课程比“c002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号*/
select sno
from sc s1
where s1.cno='c001' and s1.score >
  (select s2.score
  from sc s2
  where s2.cno='c002' and s1.sno=s2.sno
);


select s1.sno
from sc s1 join sc s2 on s1.sno=s2.sno
where s1.score>s2.score 
and s1.cno='c001'
and s2.cno='c002';


/*2、查询平均成绩大于60 分的同学的学号和平均成绩*/
select sno,avg(score)
from sc
group by sno
having avg(score)>60;


/*3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩*/
select stu.sno,stu.sname,count(sc.cno),sum(sc.score)
from student stu left join sc on stu.sno=sc.sno
group by stu.sno,stu.sname /*group by分组后,select时只能选择进行分组的字段。例如要显示出sno和sname,需要对它们进行分组*/
order by stu.sno; /*进行排序order by的字段必须是进行分组的字段,使用替他字段不行*/


select stu.sno,stu.sname,ct.*
from (select sno,count(sc.cno),sum(sc.score) from sc group by sno) ct,student stu
where stu.sno=ct.sno; /*注意group by中进行分组的字段必须至少在select中显示一个*/
/*不显示没有选任何科目的学生*/



/*4、查询姓“刘”的老师的个数*/
select count(1)
from teacher
where tname like '劉%';


select count(tno)
from teacher
where tname like '劉%';


/*5、查询没学过“明燕”老师课的同学的学号、姓名*/
select st.sno,st.sname
from student st
where st.sno not in
  (select distinct sno 
    from sc 
    join course cs on sc.cno=cs.cno
    join teacher tc on cs.tno=tc.tno and tname='明燕'
);/*此处用distinct用于返回唯一不同的值,join on可以连续使用*/


/*6、查询学过“c001”并且也学过编号“c002”课程的同学的学号、姓名*/
select st.sno,st.sname
from sc s1 join sc s2 on s1.sno=s2.sno
join student st on st.sno=s2.sno
where s1.cno='c001' and s2.cno='c002';


/*7、查询学过“明燕”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名*/
select st.sno,st.sname,ns.sum from
(select sno,count(sno) sum /*按学号分组,找出,找出每个学生的学过“明燕”老师课所教的课程的课程总数*/
  from
  (select sno /*找出学过“明燕”老师课所教的课程的学号*/
    from sc
    where cno in (/*找出是“明燕”老师课所教的课程号*/
      select cs.cno 
      from teacher tc 
      join course cs 
      on tc.tno=cs.tno 
      where tc.tname='明燕')) 
  group by sno) ns /*新表名为ns*/
join student st
on ns.sno=st.sno
where ns.sum = ( /*找出“明燕”老师所教的所有课程的总和*/
  select count(cs.cno)
  from course cs join teacher tc on cs.tno=tc.tno
  where tc.tname='明燕'
);


/*8、查询课程编号“c002”的成绩比课程编号“c001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名*/
select st.sno,st.sname
from student st join sc s1 on st.sno=s1.sno
join sc s2 on s1.sno=s2.sno
where s1.cno='c001'
and s2.cno='c002'
and s1.score>s2.score;


/*9、查询所有课程成绩小于60 分的同学的学号、姓名*/
select st.sno,st.sname
from student st 
where sno not in 
(select distinct sno /*找出不是 成绩大于或等于60分的学号*/
  from sc 
  where sc.score>=60);


select stu.sno,stu.sname
from sc,student stu
where sc.sno=stu.sno
group by stu.sno,stu.sname
having max(sc.score)<60;




/*10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名*/
select st.sno,st.sname
from student st
where st.sno in (select sno,count(cno) sum from sc where
 sum=(select count(cno) from course));



/*11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“s001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名*/
/*12、查询至少学过学号为“s001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名*/
select distinct s1.sno,st.sname
from sc s1 join student st on s1.sno=st.sno
where s1.cno in
  (select s2.cno 
    from sc s2
    where s2.sno='s001') 
  and s1.sno<>'s001';


/*13、把“SC”表中“明燕”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩*/
update sc s
set s.score = 
  (select avg(sc.score) 
  from course cs,teacher tc,sc
  where tc.tname='明燕' and cs.tno=tc.tno 
  group by sc.cno)
where s.cno in 
  (select cs.cno
  from course cs,teacher tc
  where tc.tname='明燕' and cs.tno=tc.tno);


/*14、查询和“s002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名*/
select stu.sno,stu.sname from student stu
where stu.sno in     /*IN 操作符允许我们在 WHERE 子句中规定多个值,找到's002'的学习的所有课程*/
 (select sc.sno from sc join student stu on stu.sno=sc.sno
 where sc.cno in
  (/*至少包括s002学过的所有课程*/
  select distinct cno from sc where sc.sno='s002')
 and sc.sno<>'s001'
 group by sc.sno
 having count(sc.cno)=
  (select count(1) from sc where sno='s002'))
 and stu.sno in
 (/*找到与s002课程数目相等的学生学号,排除大于的*/
  select sc.sno from student stu,sc
  where stu.sno=sc.sno
  group by sc.sno
  having count(1)=
  (select count(1) from sc where sno='s002' group by sno));


/*15、删除学习“明燕”老师课的SC 表记录*/
delete 
from sc
where sc.cno in
  (select cno 
  from course cs 
  join teacher tc on cs.tno=tc.tno 
  where tc.tname='明燕');


/*16、向SC 表中插入一些记录,这些记录要求符合以下条件:没有上过编号“c002”课程的同学学号、“c002”号课的平均成绩*/
insert into sc
select distinct stu.sno,sc.cno,(select avg(score) from sc where  cno='c002') ag
from student stu join sc on sc.sno=stu.sno
where not exists /*不存在exists,进行全部查询*/
(select * from sc where cno='c002');


insert into sc
select distinct stu.sno,sc.cno,(select avg(score) from sc where  cno='c002') ag
from student stu join sc on sc.sno=stu.sno
where sc.sno not in
(select distinct sno from sc where cno='c002');


/*17、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,最高分,最低分*/
select cno,max(score),min(score)
from sc
group by cno;


/*18、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序*/
select cno,avg(score),
       sum(case when score>60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(1) as pass_rate
from sc
group by cno
order by avg(score) asc,pass_rate desc;


/*19、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示*/
select c.cno,tc.tname,avg(score)
from teacher tc join course c on tc.tno=c.tno
join sc on sc.cno=c.cno
group by c.cno,tc.tname
order by avg(score) desc;/*从高到低显示即进行降序排列*/


/*20、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]*/
select sc.cno,c.cname,/*起别名时,别名为数字等要用双引号进行表示*/
sum(case when sc.score between 100 and 85 then 1 else 0 end) as "[100-85]",
sum(case when sc.score between 85 and 70 then 1 else 0 end) as "[85-70]",
sum(case when sc.score between 70 and 60 then 1 else 0 end) as "[70-60]", 
sum(case when sc.score<60 then 1 else 0 end) as "[<60]"
from sc join course c on sc.cno=c.cno
group by sc.cno,c.cname;


/*21、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)*/
select *
from
(select sno,cno,row_number()over(partition by cno order by score desc) rn from sc)
where rn<4;



/*22、查询每门课程被选修的学生数*/
select c.cno,c.cname,count(1)
from sc join course c on sc.cno=c.cno
group by c.cno,c.cname;


/*23、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名*/
select stu.sno,stu.sname
from student stu join sc on stu.sno=sc.sno
group by stu.sno,stu.sname having count(sc.cno)=1;


/*24、查询男生、女生人数*/
select ssex,count(1)
from student
group by ssex;


/*25、查询姓“李”的学生名单*/
select sname
from student
where sname like '李%';


/*26、查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数*/
select sname,count(1)
from student 
group by sname having count(1)>1;/*注意找同名同姓的条件按sname分组且count(1)>1即可*/


/*27、1981 年出生的学生名单(注:Student 表中Sage 列的类型是number)*/
select *
from student stu
where to_date(sysdate,'yyyy')-sage=1981; /*to_number只能进行数字型字符串类型进行转换*/


/*28、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列*/
select avg(score)
from sc
group by(cno)
order by avg(score) asc,cno desc;


/*29、查询平均成绩大于85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩*/
select sc.sno,stu.sname,avg(sc.score)
from student stu join sc on stu.sno=sc.sno
group by sc.sno,stu.sname having avg(sc.score) > 85; /*group by后进行求每个学生所有成绩的平均值,用having条件语句*/


/*注意最后进行的select查询,故下面的写法是错误的,别名ag是无效的的*/

select sc.sno,stu.sname,avg(sc.score) ag
from student stu join sc on stu.sno=sc.sno

where ag>85
group by sc.sno,stu.sname ;


/*30、查询课程名称为“数据库”,且分数低于60 的学生姓名和分数*/
select stu.sname,sc.score
from student stu
join sc on stu.sno=sc.sno
join course c on c.cno=sc.cno
where c.cname='Oracle'
and sc.score<60;


/*31、查询所有学生的选课情况*/
select stu.sno,stu.sname,c.cname,sc.score
from student stu,sc,course c
where stu.sno=sc.sno
and c.cno=sc.cno
order by stu.sno;


/*32、查询任何一门课程成绩在70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数*/
select stu.sname,c.cname,sc.score
from student stu 
join sc on stu.sno=sc.sno
join course c on sc.cno=c.cno
where sc.score>70;


/*33、查询不及格的课程,并按课程号从大到小排列*/
select c.cno,c.cname,sc.score
from course c join sc on c.cno=sc.cno
where score<60 
order by c.cno asc;/*group by和order by须放在where子句的后面,或后面用having,asc升序 desc降序*/


/*34、查询课程编号为c001 且课程成绩在80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名*/
select stu.sno,stu.sname
from student stu join sc on stu.sno=sc.sno
where sc.cno='c001'
and sc.score>80;


select stu.sno,stu.sname
from student stu,sc
where sc.cno='c001'
and sc.score>80
and stu.sno=sc.sno;


/*35、求选了课程的学生人数*/
select count(distinct sno)
from sc; /*注意使用distinct,过滤掉多余的重复记录只保留一条*/


/*36、查询选修“明燕”老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩*/
select s.cno,stu.sname,s.score
from student stu 
join sc s on stu.sno=s.sno
join course c on c.cno=s.cno
join teacher tc on tc.tno=c.tno
where tc.tname='明燕' and score=  
(select max(score) from sc where sc.cno=s.cno);
/*找到每门课程的最大值,再找到选修‘明燕’课程并且成绩是最大值的学生信息等*/


/*37、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数*/
select cno,count(1)
from sc
group by cno;


/*38、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩*/
select s1.sno,s1.cno,s1.score
from sc s1 join sc s2 on s1.score=s2.score
where s1.cno<>s2.cno;


/*39、查询每门功课成绩最好的前两名*/
select *
from 
  (select stu.sname,sc.sno,sc.cno,
  row_number()over(partition by cno order by score desc) rn 
  from sc join student stu on sc.sno=stu.sno)/*添加了一列为rn,按课程号组队按降序排序找到各科的前两名学生*/
  where rn < 3;
/*row_number()over(partition by col1 order by col2)函数
根据col1分组,在分组内部根据col2排序,而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号(组内是连续且唯一的)*/


/*40、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过10人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列*/
select cno,count(sno)
from sc
group by cno
having count(sno)>10
order by count(sno) desc,cno asc;


/*41、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号*/
select sno,count(1)
from sc
group by sno 
having count(1)>1;


/*42、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名*/
select sc.cno,c.cname
from course c join sc on sc.cno=c.cno
group by sc.cno,c.cname
having count(1)=(select count(1) from student);/*找到学生所选课程总数等于总学生数的学生*/


/*43、查询没学过“明燕”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名*/
select stu.sname
from student stu 
where stu.sno not in 
  (select distinct sno /*找到学过“明燕”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生学号*/
  from sc 
  join course c on sc.cno=c.cno 
  join teacher tc on c.tno=tc.tno
  where tc.tname='明燕');


/*44、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩*/
select sno,avg(score)
from sc 
where sno in
  (select sno /*找出两门以上不及格课程的学生*/
  from sc 
  where score<60
  group by sno 
  having count(sno)>2)
group by sno;


/*45、检索“c004”课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的同学学号*/
select sno,score
from sc
where cno='c004' and score<60 order by score desc;


/*46、删除“s002”同学的“c001”课程的成绩*/
delete 
from sc
where sno='soo2' and cno='coo1';



练习

CREATE TABLE XS (

idno  number,

sp_id  number,

numb   number,

xs_date  date

);

/*Oracle创建表中字段,先字段名,后字段类型 

date类型的字段无法设置字段长度,to_date自行给定*/

 

select * from XS;

 

insert into XS(idno,sp_id,numb,xs_date)

values(11,3,13,to_date('1997-4-7','yyyy-mm-dd'));

 

update XS

set xs_date=to_date('1997-3-7','yyyy-mm-dd')

where idno=11;

 

/*sysdate表示为当前时间,求年龄*/

/*select datediff(year,xs_date,getdate())   无效函数datediff

from XS

where idno=11;*/

selectfloor(months_between(to_date(sysdate),to_date(xs_date))/12)

from XS

where idno=11;

 

select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'YYYY'),'YYYY') fromXS;

select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'YEAR'),'YEAR') fromXS;

select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'YEAR')) from XS;

select trunc(sysdate,'yyyy') from XS;

select trunc(sysdate) from XS;

select to_char(sysdate,'YEAR') from XS;

 

/*TRUNC(number,num_digits)

Number 需要截尾取整的数字。

Num_digits 用于指定取整精度的数字。Num_digits 的默认值为 0。

TRUNC()函数截取时不进行四舍五入*/

 

/*找出5月份出生的人的信息*/

select *

from XS

where to_char(xs_date,'MM')=3;



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