picture from Internet
è§è | §§°é
è§| §§° Yuan,Wen
¨éè |
éèHow Leader Gender Influences External Audience Response to Organizational Failures°¤±èé觱¤é¨è¤èèè§èè4è¨Journal of Personality and Social Psychology¤èèNicole Votolato MontgomeryAmanda P. Cowen
èéé
èè訧éèéé觧·è±éèèèéè±éèèèè·è豤é¨è¤èéè·
¨èè餱褱èè¨é§±¤é¨è¤è褱èèè褤é¨è¤è¤±è°é觧±è§è¤è§èè·èè§è§èéè豤±è
訤褨è§èè§é·°è¤é¨è¤è§é·§éé·èèèè¤é¨è¤èé·¤±è
èè¨
éè§
±¤é¨è¤è§·§é觰è±è·èè·§è¨é觱¤é¨è¤èéèè·±éè·
¤é¨è¤è¤±è±
1.¤±è¤±è褤±èèèé·
2.èè§èSalient normsè¤é¨è¤è±éè
èè¤é§éèè§èè§èèè豤±è
è
è1aH1a¨é·è¤±è¤é¨è¤è§é·§é
è1bH1b¨è褱è¤é¨è¤è§é·§é§
3.è°èéè
è2H2駤±è±¤±è¤¨
4.éè°è°è¨
è3H3éè°§°è±H1aH1b°°éè°§±èH1aH1b°±éè
5.§è§è°è¨
è4H4¨§èvs.-èé§éè§é·è¤±è·°±
è5H5¨§è§é§é·§é¤é¨è¤è褱跰±éè
é
±è§é°é¤±è褱褱è±é鷨鷤±èé·¤
éè¨èèèèééèè°¤±èè§èé·ééèè¨éèè±è訤ééè¨è訤褧¤±èèé·¨¤¨éè¨èè·¤±è¨è§°±éé±·èé騷·éèèèèé·¤±è訤±è±è§°·é°é§·
èèè512·§é36.7èCEO§§·§¤±è±èé·§/¤±è¨èèéèè
¨éééèCEO§éè§è§±°è°éèèèéè°èé¨éè¨èè
èèè·éCEO§§·§¤±è±èé·§/¤±èèèè°¤¨è°¤±è±·èF(2, 506) =59.30, p <0 .01é·¤±èèè°è¤±è¤±è§CEO§è§¤±è±¤¨èF(2, 506) =11.15, p <0 .01
é·ééé§è§·§è°è°H1aè褱èèCEO§è°¤èH1bè§1
èèé¤CEOè°¤±è±è°±éè§é·/èè·¤§¤±è¤¨è°è·èèH2è
é
éé¨2¨1±è¨CEOè°è§°è±èèèé¨è°°§·§é§è
èèèè416·§èé36.9èéCEOè°°è±èèCEO§§·§¤±è±èé·
¨¨é·¨èéèéèè§èèèè·±§è±¤±è¨è±è¨
è°·¤±è±·èF(1, 408)=15.62, p <0.01CEOè°CEO§¤±è¤¨èF(1, 408) = 20.05, p <0.01è¨èèè°è¤±è°è±èè°è§éè°è·§é°è±èè°è§é·§éè°°è±èè°±¨éH1aH1b¤
¤¤èè1èè§èèCEOè°è¤±è±¤é¨è¤è°·
é
èèè512è54.7%·§é38.0éè¨è°è¨§è§§èé/±è§èé/§CEO§§·§¤±è±èé·èèèèéèè
¨é¤éé
è°·°¤±è±·èF(1, 504)=8.69, p<0.01CEO§¤±è¤¨èF(1, 504)=5.78, p=0.02§è§CEO§¤±è¤¨èF(1,504)=3.99, p=0.046
è°¨§è°é±èéè§é¤±è±¨è°··§é1訧è§é·§é¤é¨è¤è¨¤±è±·¤H4éé·§è鱤é¨è¤è§é·¤±è·
§è§èéèèè°è¤±èèèCEO§è°§CEO·§éèH1b¨¤¤§è§è°è¨H5éèH1a¨è¤é§°
è§è§è°±èéè
°
è°èè¨é觱¤é¨è¤è¨è§èéè駤§±èè¤é訰°è°è
·è¨±±¨è褱èèéèèèè訤±è¤±è±é§°èéè°±¨¤±è¤¨¤é¨¤é¨è¤è°èé°è°è§
èè¨è°éèè±è§éèèèéè·èè褱èè餧è¨é§éèééé
èèè±èè°°è§èè·
è
Montgomery, N. V., & Cowen, A. P. (2020). How leader gender influences external audience response to organizational failures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 118(4), 639-660. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000176
è§è:é
éèé¤è¨§§èè§
¨è
èé
èé
¨°éè·
§èè