2、使用普通的insert into on conflict合并写入,存在写入放大思路:
大量数据,批量插入到数据表中时,很容易造成主键冲突,重复数据有唯一约束插入不进去表中,报错的问题出现。
排查错误,去找某条数据,在大量的数据,大量的批处理或者单条执行的sql语句中找数据也是不现实的。
所以思路就是在插入的过程中,不仅单单插入,同时判断是否主键或唯一冲突。若冲突,则将插入操作改成对重复数据的更新操作。
PostgreSQL , 合并写 , insert on conflict , 不必要更新
例子:
1,如下面的一张表,往下面的一张表中插入数据
create table tbl(
c1 int,
c2 int,
c3 int,
c4 int,
c5 timestamp,
unique (c1,c2)
);
2、使用普通的insert into on conflict合并写入,存在写入放大
insert into tbl
select id,id,1,random(),now() from generate_series(1,1000000) t(id)
on conflict(c1,c2)
do update
set
c3=excluded.c3,c4=excluded.c4,c5=excluded.c5;
每一次操作都会更新所有记录
3、优化方法,加入更新条件,避免未变化的记录被更新
例如当c3,c4没有变化时,不更新。
where
tbl.c3 is distinct from excluded.c3 or
tbl.c4 is distinct from excluded.c4;
完整SQL如下 :
insert into tbl
select id,id,1,random(),now() from generate_series(1,1000000) t(id)
on conflict(c1,c2)
do update
set
c3=excluded.c3,c4=excluded.c4,c5=excluded.c5
where
tbl.c3 is distinct from excluded.c3 or
tbl.c4 is distinct from excluded.c4;
此时每次更新的就是那些真正发生了变化的记录
[ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
INSERT INTO table_name [ AS alias ] [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
[ OVERRIDING { SYSTEM | USER} VALUE ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
[ ON CONFLICT [ conflict_target ] conflict_action ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ]
where conflict_target can be one of:
( { index_column_name | ( index_expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [, ...] ) [ WHERE index_predicate ]
ON CONSTRAINT constraint_name
and conflict_action is one of:
DO NOTHING
DO UPDATE SET { column_name = { expression | DEFAULT } |
( column_name [, ...] ) = [ ROW ] ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) |
( column_name [, ...] ) = ( sub-SELECT )
} [, ...]
[ WHERE condition ]
is distinct from是一种不等于的用法,其中包括NULL值的处理(认为null is not distinct from null is TRUE)。两个NULL值返回FALSE,一个NULL值返回TRUE。
null is distinct from null 返回false
null is distinct from nonnull 返回true
nonnull is distinct from nonnull 根据实际的VALUE来判断是否相等,相等返回false,不相等返回true。
当要判断NULL时,这个比=操作符好用,使用=等操作符时,通常底层函数是strict的,所以当操作数包含NULL值时,操作符的结果也返回NULL而不是我们想要的true或false。