Python编程 基础练习（二）

1. 根据输入的日期，计算该日期是这一年的第几天

def is_leap_year(year):  # 判断这一年是否为闰年
    if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or year % 400 == 0:
        return True
    else:
        return False


def function1(year, month, day):  # 计算给定日期是这一年的第几天
    leap_year = [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
    no_leap_year = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
    if is_leap_year(year):
        result = sum(leap_year[:month - 1]) + day
    else:
        result = sum(no_leap_year[:month - 1]) + day
    return result


s = input('请输入日期：')   # 输入 2020/5/6
s = s.split("/")
days = function1(int(s[0]), int(s[1]), int(s[2]))
print('该日期是这一年的第{}天'.format(days))

2. 猜数游戏

import random

flag = True
while flag:
    n = random.randint(100, 999)  # 生成一个三位的随机数n
    count = 0   # 记已猜的次数
    while True:
        m = int(input("请输入一个数："))
        if m > n:
            print("你输入的数大了")
            count += 1
        elif m < n:
            print("你输入的数小了")
            count += 1
        elif m == n:
            if count <= 8:
                print("太聪明了")
            elif count <= 15:
                print("还不错")
            elif count > 15:
                print("终于猜对了,不容易啊!")
            print("*" * 25, "\n还想再玩一局吗? \n 1.继续请输入yes \n 2.结束请输入no\n", "*" * 25)
            order = input("请输入你的选择: ")
            if order == "yes":
                break    # 退出内层循环   开始下一局
            elif order == 'no':
                flag = False  # 结束整个循环
                break

3.输入一组数到列表nums，请找到列表中任意两个元素相加能够等于9的元素，形成一个元组，使其小数在前大数在后，如：(2,7),(1,8)。重复的元组元素只保留一个，结果按元组第一个元素从小到大顺序输出

def get_tuple(num_list):
    temp_list = []
    for i in num_list:
        if (9 - i) in num_list:
            min_ = (9 - i) if (i >= (9 - i)) else i
            max_ = i if min_ == (9 - i) else (9 - i)
            if (min_, max_) not in temp_list:
                temp_list.append((min_, max_))
    return temp_list


nums = input("numbers：")
# 列表推导式
num_list = [int(i) for i in nums.split(',')]
result_list = get_tuple(num_list)
# 按列表里每个元组的第一个元素从小到大排序
result_list = sorted(result_list, key=lambda i: i[0])
print(result_list)

4. 求输入一组数据的平均值、方差、中位数

nums = input('请输入一组数据：')
data = nums.split(',')

# 算平均值
data = [eval(i) for i in data]    # 转成数字类型
average = sum(data) / len(data)
print('这组数据平均值为：{:.2f}'.format(average))

# 方差计算
total = 0
for value in data:
    total += (value - average) ** 2

stddev = (total / len(data)) ** 0.5
print('这组数据方差为：{:.2f}'.format(stddev))

# 中位数计算
data.sort()            # 从小到大排序
mid = len(data) // 2   # 找中位数的索引
if len(data) % 2 == 0:
    median = (data[mid - 1] + data[mid]) / 2
else:
    median = data[mid]

print('这组数据中位数为：{:.2f}'.format(median))

5. 打印九九乘法表

for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(1, i+1):
        num = j * i
        print("{}*{}={:<2}".format(j, i, num), end=" ")   
        if i == j:
            print(" ")
            break
            

6. 求方程的解

#  ax²+bx+c=0
a = float(input('输入 a：'))
b = float(input('输入 b：'))
c = float(input('输入 c：'))

if a == 0:
    x = -c / b
    print('方程的解为：x={}'.format(x))

else:
    delta = b ** 2 - 4 * a * c
    if delta < 0:
        print('No solution!')
    elif delta == 0:
        x = -b / (2 * a)
        print('方程的解为：x={}'.format(x))
    else:
        root = delta ** 0.5
        x1 = (-b + root) / (2 * a)
        x2 = (-b - root) / (2 * a)
        print('方程的两个解为 x1={} x2={}'.format(x1, x2))