pcl常用小知识(转载)

转自 点击打开链接  https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000007125502


时间计算

pcl中计算程序运行时间有很多函数,其中利用控制台的时间计算是:
首先必须包含头文件 #include ,其次,pcl::console::TicToc time; time.tic(); +程序段 + cout<就可以以秒输出“程序段”的运行时间。

如何实现类似pcl::PointCloud::Ptr和pcl::PointCloud的两个类相互转换?

#include 
#include 
#include 
 
pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloudPointer(new pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>);
pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ> cloud;
cloud = *cloudPointer;
cloudPointer = cloud.makeShared();

如何查找点云的x,y,z的极值?

#include 
#include 
#include 
pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud;
cloud = pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>::Ptr (new pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile::PointXYZ> ("your_pcd_file.pcd", *cloud);
pcl::PointXYZ minPt, maxPt;
pcl::getMinMax3D (*cloud, minPt, maxPt);

如果知道需要保存点的索引,如何从原点云中拷贝点到新点云?

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
 
pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud(new pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile::PointXYZ>("C:\office3-after21111.pcd", *cloud);
pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloudOut(new pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>);
std::vector > indexs = { 1, 2, 5 };
pcl::copyPointCloud(*cloud, indexs, *cloudOut);

如何从点云里删除和添加点?

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
 
pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud(new pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile::PointXYZ>("C:\office3-after21111.pcd", *cloud);
pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>::iterator index = cloud->begin();
cloud->erase(index);//删除第一个
index = cloud->begin() + 5;
cloud->erase(cloud->begin());//删除第5pcl::PointXYZ point = { 1, 1, 1 };
//在索引号为5的位置1上插入一点,原来的点后移一位
cloud->insert(cloud->begin() + 5, point);
cloud->push_back(point);//从点云最后面插入一点
std::cout << cloud->points[5].x;//输出1

如果删除的点太多建议用上面的方法拷贝到新点云,再赋值给原点云,如果要添加很多点,建议先resize,然后用循环向点云里的添加。

如何对点云进行全局或局部变换

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
        pcl::PointCloud::Ptr cloud (new pcl::PointCloud);
        pcl::io::loadPCDFile("path/.pcd",*cloud);
//全局变化
 //构造变化矩阵
        Eigen::Matrix4f transform_1 = Eigen::Matrix4f::Identity();
        float theta = M_PI/4;   //旋转的度数,这里是45度
        transform_1 (0,0) = cos (theta);  //这里是绕的Z轴旋转
        transform_1 (0,1) = -sin(theta);
        transform_1 (1,0) = sin (theta);
        transform_1 (1,1) = cos (theta);
        //   transform_1 (0,2) = 0.3;   //这样会产生缩放效果
        //   transform_1 (1,2) = 0.6;
        //    transform_1 (2,2) = 1;
        transform_1 (0,3) = 25; //这里沿X轴平移
        transform_1 (1,3) = 30;
        transform_1 (2,3) = 380;
        pcl::PointCloud::Ptr transform_cloud1 (new pcl::PointCloud);
        pcl::transformPointCloud(*cloud,*transform_cloud1,transform_1);  //不言而喻
        
        //局部
        pcl::transformPointCloud(*cloud,pcl::PointIndices indices,*transform_cloud1,matrix); //第一个参数为输入,第二个参数为输入点云中部分点集索引,第三个为存储对象,第四个是变换矩阵。

链接两个点云字段(两点云大小必须相同)

         pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud (new pcl::PointCloud::PointXYZ>);
         pcl::io::loadPCDFile("/home/yxg/pcl/pcd/mid.pcd",*cloud);
         pcl::NormalEstimation::PointXYZ,pcl::Normal> ne;
        ne.setInputCloud(cloud);
        pcl::search::KdTree::PointXYZ>::Ptr tree (new pcl::search::KdTree::PointXYZ>());
        ne.setSearchMethod(tree);
        pcl::PointCloud::Normal>::Ptr cloud_normals(new pcl::PointCloud::Normal>()); 
        ne.setKSearch(8);
        //ne.setRadisuSearch(0.3);
        ne.compute(*cloud_normals);    
        pcl::PointCloud::PointNormal>::Ptr cloud_with_nomal (new pcl::PointCloud::PointNormal>);
        pcl::concatenateFields(*cloud,*cloud_normals,*cloud_with_nomal);

如何从点云中删除无效点

pcl中的无效点是指:点的某一坐标值为nan.

 #include 
    #include 
    #include 
    #include 
    
    using namespace std;
    typedef pcl::PointXYZRGBA point;
    typedef pcl::PointCloud CloudType;
    
    int main (int argc,char **argv)
    {
            CloudType::Ptr cloud (new CloudType);
            CloudType::Ptr output (new CloudType);
    
            
            pcl::io::loadPCDFile(argv[1],*cloud);
            cout<<"size is:"<size()<<endl;
            
            
            vector<int> indices;
            pcl::removeNaNFromPointCloud(*cloud,*output,indices);
            cout<<"output size:"<size()<<endl;
            
    
            pcl::io::savePCDFile("out.pcd",*output);
    
            return 0;
    }

将xyzrgb格式转换为xyz格式的点云

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

using namespace std;
typedef pcl::PointXYZ point;
typedef pcl::PointXYZRGBA pointcolor;

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
        pcl::PointCloud::Ptr input (new pcl::PointCloud);
        pcl::io::loadPCDFile(argv[1],*input);
        

        pcl::PointCloud::Ptr output (new pcl::PointCloud);
        int M = input->points.size();
        cout<<"input size is:"<endl;

        for (int i = 0;i points[i].x;
                p.y = input->points[i].y;
                p.z = input->points[i].z; 
                output->points.push_back(p);
        }
        output->width = 1;
        output->height = M;
        
        cout<< "size is"<size()<<endl;
        pcl::io::savePCDFile("output.pcd",*output);

}

flann kdtree 查询k近邻

   //平均密度计算
        pcl::KdTreeFLANN kdtree;  //创建一个快速k近邻查询,查询的时候若该点在点云中,则第一个近邻点是其本身
        kdtree.setInputCloud(cloud);
        int k =2;
        float everagedistance =0;
        for (int i =0; i < cloud->size()/2;i++)
        {
                vector<int> nnh ;
                vector<float> squaredistance;
                //  pcl::PointXYZ p;
                //   p = cloud->points[i];
                kdtree.nearestKSearch(cloud->points[i],k,nnh,squaredistance);
                everagedistance += sqrt(squaredistance[1]);
                //   cout<
        }

        everagedistance = everagedistance/(cloud->size()/2);
        cout<<"everage distance is : "<endl;
        
#include 
        pcl::KdTreeFLANN kdtree; //创建KDtree
        kdtree.setInputCloud (in_cloud);
        pcl::PointXYZ searchPoint; //创建目标点,(搜索该点的近邻)
        searchPoint.x = 1;
        searchPoint.y = 2;
        searchPoint.z = 3;

        //查询近邻点的个数
        int k = 10; //近邻点的个数
        std::vector<int> pointIdxNKNSearch(k); //存储近邻点集的索引
        std::vector<float>pointNKNSquareDistance(k); //近邻点集的距离
        if (kdtree.nearestKSearch(searchPoint,k,pointIdxNKNSearch,pointNKNSquareDistance)>0)
        {
                for (size_t i = 0; i < pointIdxNKNSearch.size (); ++i)
                        std::cout << "    "  <<   in_cloud->points[ pointIdxNKNSearch[i] ].x 
                                  << " " << in_cloud->points[ pointIdxNKNSearch[i] ].y 
                                  << " " <points[ pointIdxNKNSearch[i] ].z 
                                  << " (squared distance: " <")" << std::endl;
        }

        //半径为r的近邻点
        float radius = 40.0f;  //其实是求的40*40距离范围内的点
        std::vector<int> pointIdxRadiusSearch;  //存储的对应的平方距离
        std::vector<float> a;
        if ( kdtree.radiusSearch (searchPoint, radius, pointIdxRadiusSearch, a) > 0 )
        {
          for (size_t i = 0; i < pointIdxRadiusSearch.size (); ++i)
                  std::cout << "    "  <<   in_cloud->points[ pointIdxRadiusSearch[i] ].x 
                            << " " <points[ pointIdxRadiusSearch[i] ].y 
                            << " " << in_cloud->points[ pointIdxRadiusSearch[i] ].z 
                            << " (squared distance: " <")" << std::endl;
        }

关于ply文件

后缀命名为.ply格式文件,常用的点云数据文件。ply文件不仅可以存储数据,而且可以存储网格数据. 用emacs打开一个ply文件,观察表头,如果表头element face的值为0,ze则表示该文件为点云文件,如果element face的值为某一正整数N,则表示该文件为网格文件,且包含N个网格.
所以利用pcl读取 ply 文件,不能一味用pcl::PointCloud::Ptr cloud (new pcl::PointCloud)来读取。
在读取ply文件时候,首先要分清该文件是点云还是网格类文件。如果是点云文件,则按照一般的点云类去读取即可,官网例子,就是这样。
如果ply文件是网格类,则需要

    pcl::PolygonMesh mesh;
    pcl::io::loadPLYFile(argv[1],mesh);
    pcl::io::savePLYFile("result.ply", mesh);

读取。(官网例子之所以能成功,是因为它对模型进行了细分处理,使得网格变成了点)

计算点的索引

例如sift算法中,pcl无法直接提供索引(主要原因是sift点是通过计算出来的,在某些不同参数下,sift点可能并非源数据中的点,而是某些点的近似),若要获取索引,则可利用以下函数:

void getIndices (pointcloud::Ptr cloudin, pointcloud keypoints, pcl::PointIndices::Ptr indices)
{
        pcl::KdTreeFLANN::PointXYZ> kdtree;
        kdtree.setInputCloud(cloudin);
        std::vectorpointNKNSquareDistance; //近邻点集的距离
        std::vector pointIdxNKNSearch;

        for (size_t i =0; i < keypoints.size();i++)
        {
                kdtree.nearestKSearch(keypoints.points[i],1,pointIdxNKNSearch,pointNKNSquareDistance);
                // cout<<"the distance is:"<0]<// cout<<"the indieces is:"<0]<indices.push_back(pointIdxNKNSearch[0]);
                
        }

}

其思想就是:将原始数据插入到flann的kdtree中,寻找keypoints的最近邻,如果距离等于0,则说明是同一点,提取索引即可.

计算质心

     Eigen::Vector4f centroid;  //质心
     pcl::compute3DCentroid(*cloud_smoothed,centroid); //估计质心的坐标

从网格提取顶点(将网格转化为点)

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include //loadPolygonFileOBJ所属头文件;
#include 
#include 
#include 
using namespace pcl;
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
        pcl::PolygonMesh mesh;
        //   pcl::io::loadPolygonFileOBJ(argv[1], mesh);
        pcl::io::loadPLYFile(argv[1],mesh);
        pcl::PointCloud::Ptr cloud(new pcl::PointCloud);
        pcl::fromPCLPointCloud2(mesh.cloud, *cloud);
        pcl::io::savePCDFileASCII("result.pcd", *cloud);
return 0;
}

以上代码可以从.obj或.ply面片格式转化为点云类型。


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