php数组使用技巧及操作总结

php数组使用技巧及操作总结

数组,可以说是PHP的数据应用中较重要的一种方式。PHP的数组函数众多,下面是一些小结,借此记之,便于以后鉴之。 

1. 数组定义 
数组的定义使用 array()方式定义,可以定义空数组:
$number = array(1,3,5,7,9); 
//定义空数组 
$result = array(); 
$color =array("red","blue","green"); 
//自定义键值 
$language = (1=>"English",3=>"Chinese",5=>"Franch"); 
//定义二维数组 
$two = array( 
"color"=>array("red","blue"), //用逗号结尾 
"week"=>array("Monday","Friday") //最后一句没有标点 
); 
?>

2. 创建数组 
compact() 
compact()函数——将一个或多个变量(包含数组)转换为数组:array compact ( mixed $varname [, mixed $... ] )。 
$number = "1,3,5,7,9"; 
$string = "I'm PHPer"; 
$array = array("And","You?"); 
$newArray = compact("number","string","array"); 
print_r ($newArray); 
?> 
compact()函数用于将两个或多个变量转换为数组,当然也包含数组变量。其参数是变量的名称而非带有$全名。相反的函数是extract()作用顾名思义就是将数组转换为单个的字符串,键值作为其字符串名称,数组值作为字符串的值。 
运行结果:

Array ( 
[number] => 1,3,5,7,9 
[string] => I'm PHPer 
[array] => Array ( [0] => And [1] => You? ) 

array_combine() 
array_combine()——将两个数组重组成一个数组,一个作键值一个做的值:array array_combine ( array $keys , array $values ) 
$number = array("1","3","5","7","9"); 
$array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er"); 
$newArray = array_combine($number,$array); 
print_r ($newArray); 
?> 
array_combine函数不多说了,谁看了都明白。 
运行结果: 
Array ( [1] => I [3] => Am [5] => A [7] => PHP [9] => er ) 
range() 
range()函数——创建指定范围的数组:
$array1 = range(0,100,10);//0为起始值,100为结束值,10为步进值(默认步进值为1). 
print_r($array1); 
echo"
"; 
$array2 = range("A","Z"); 
print_r($array2); 
echo "
"; 
$array3 = range("z","a"); 
print_r($array3); 
?> 
array_fill() 
array_fill()函数——填充数组函数:
$array = range(1,10); 
$fillarray = range("a","d"); 
$arrayFilled = array_fill(0,5,$fillarray);//这里的$fillarray可以是字符串,如"test". 
echo "

"; 
print_r ($arrayFilled); 
echo "
"; 
$keys = array("string","2",9,"SDK","PK"); 
$array2 = array_fill_keys($keys,"testing"); 
echo "
"; 
print_r ($array2); 
echo "
"; 
?> 
运行结果:
Array 

[0] => Array 

[0] => a 
[1] => b 
[2] => c 
[3] => d 
)

[1] => Array 

[0] => a 
[1] => b 
[2] => c 
[3] => d 
)

[2] => Array 

[0] => a 
[1] => b 
[2] => c 
[3] => d 
)

[3] => Array 

[0] => a 
[1] => b 
[2] => c 
[3] => d 
)

[4] => Array 

[0] => a 
[1] => b 
[2] => c 
[3] => d 
)


Array 

[string] => testing 
[2] => testing 
[9] => testing 
[SDK] => testing 
[PK] => testing 
)

3. 数组的遍历 
foreach遍历 
foreach (array_expression as $value){} 
foreach (array_expression as $key => $value){}

$speed = array(50,120,180,240,380); 
foreach($speed as $keys=>$values){ 
echo $keys."=>".$values."
"; 

?> 
运行结果: 
0=>50 
1=>120 
2=>180 
3=>240 
4=>380 
while循环遍历 
while循环遍历一般结合list函数,以下是实例 
$staff = array( 
array("姓名","性别","年龄"), 
array("小张","男",24), 
array("小王","女",25), 
array("小李","男",23) 
); 
echo "

"; 
while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){ 
list($name,$sex,$age) = $value; 
echo ""; 

echo "
$name$sex$age
"; 
?> 
for循环遍历 
$speed = range(0,220,20); 
for($i =0;$i echo $speed[$i]." "; 

?> 
运行结果: 
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 
4. 数组的指针操作 
涉及函数包括reset、prev、end、next、current、each。 
实例一:next 与 prev 
$speed = range(0,220,20); 
echo current($speed);//输出当前位置的值(在数组的开头位置) 
$i = rand(1,11); 
while($i--){ 
next($speed);//指针从当前位置向后移动一位 

echo current($speed);//输出当前位置的值 
echo "
"; 
echo prev($speed);//输出前一位置数组值 
echo "
"; 
echo reset($speed);//重置数组的指针,将指针指向起始位置 
echo "
"; 
echo end($speed);//输出最后位置的数组值 
echo "
"; 
?> 
运行结果: 
0220 
200 

220 
实例二:each函数指针操作 
$speed = range(0,200,40); 
echo "each实现指针下移
"; 
echo "0挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."
"; 
echo "1挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."
"; 
echo "2挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."
"; 
echo "3挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."
"; 
echo "4挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."
"; 
echo "5挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."
"; 
echo "使用each函数实现数组指针的移动,进行数组遍历
"; 
reset($speed);//这里是将数组指针指向数组首 
while(list($key,$value)=each($speed)){ 
echo $key."=>".$value."
"; 
}
?> 
运行结果:
each实现指针下移 
0挡的速度是0 
1挡的速度是40 
2挡的速度是80 
3挡的速度是120 
4挡的速度是160 
5挡的速度是200 
使用each函数实现数组指针的移动,进行数组遍历 
0=>0 
1=>40 
2=>80 
3=>120 
4=>160 
5=>200 
5. 数组的增添删改操作

增添数组成员 
实例一:$num[] = value直接赋值追加到数组末尾: 
[code] $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); 
echo "使用表达式添加数组成员
"; 
$num[]=240; 
print_r($num); 
?>

运行结果: 
使用表达式添加数组成员 
Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 240 ) 
实例二:array_pad函数,数组数组首尾选择性追加

$num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); 
$num = array_pad($num,4,200); 
echo "使用array_pad函数向数组尾部添加成员
"; 
print_r($num); 
echo "
array_pad 还可以填充数组首部
"; 
$num = array_pad($num,-8,40); 
print_r($num); 
?>

运行结果: 
使用array_pad函数向数组尾部添加成员 
Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 200 ) 
array_pad 还可以填充数组首部 
Array ( [0] => 40 [1] => 40 [2] => 40 [3] => 40 [4] => 80 [5] => 120 [6] => 160 [7] => 200 ) 
实例三:入栈操作追加(array_push): 
$num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); 
array_push($num,200,240,280);//可以自己追加,直接加在数组结尾 
print_r($num); 
?>

运行结果: 
Array ( [1] => 80 [2] => 120 [3] => 160 [4] => 200 [5] => 240 [6] => 280 ) 
实例四:array_unshift()在开头添加数组成员

$num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); 
array_unshift($num,0,40);//可以自己追加,直接加在数组结尾 
print_r($num); 
?>

运行结果: 
Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 40 [2] => 80 [3] => 120 [4] => 160 ) 
注意:array_unshift()函数使用后数组的键值将会从0开始! 
删减数组成员 
实例一:unset()命令删除数组成员或数组: 
复制代码 代码如下: $num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10)); 
print_r($num); 
echo "
"; 
unset($num[4]); 
print_r($num); 
echo "
"; 
unset($num); 
if(is_array){ 
echo "unset命令不能删除整个数组"; 
}else{ 
echo "unset命令可以删除数组"; 

?>

运行结果:(运行出错及说明数组也被删除,不再存在) 
Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 [4] => 9 ) 
Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 )

Notice: Use of undefined constant is_array - assumed 'is_array' in H:\wamp\www\testing\editorplus\test.php on line 21 
unset命令不能删除整个数组 
实例二:array_splice()函数删除数组成员 
$a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow"); 
count ($a); //得到4 
array_splice($a,1,1); //删除第二个元素 
count ($a); //得到3 
echo $a[2]; //得到yellow 
echo $a[1]; //得到blue 
?>

实例三:array_unique删除数组中的重复值:

$a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green"); 
$result = array_unique($a); 
print_r($result); 
?> 
运行结果: 
Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow ) 
实例四:array_merge、array_merge_recursive合并数组 
$array1 = array("r"=>"red",1,2,3,4); 
$array2 = array("b"=>"blue",4=>5,6,7,8,9); 
$array3 = array("r"=>"read",4=>10,2=>11); 
$array4 = array( 
array(4=>10), 
array(7=>13) 
); 
$array5 = array( 
array(4=>11), 
array(6=>12) 
); 
$result = array_merge($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5); 
echo "

"; 
print_r($result); 
echo "
"; 
$result = array_merge_recursive($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5); 
echo "
"; 
print_r ($result); 
echo "
"; 
?> 
Array 

[r] => read 
[0] => 1 
[1] => 2 
[2] => 3 
[3] => 4 
[b] => blue 
[4] => 5 
[5] => 6 
[6] => 7 
[7] => 8 
[8] => 9 
[9] => 10 
[10] => 11 
[11] => Array 

[4] => 10 
)

[12] => Array 

[7] => 13 
)

[13] => Array 

[4] => 11 
)

[14] => Array 

[6] => 12 
)


Array 

[r] => Array 

[0] => red 
[1] => read 
)

[0] => 1 
[1] => 2 
[2] => 3 
[3] => 4 
[b] => blue 
[4] => 5 
[5] => 6 
[6] => 7 
[7] => 8 
[8] => 9 
[9] => 10 
[10] => 11 
[11] => Array 

[4] => 10 
)

[12] => Array 

[7] => 13 
)

[13] => Array 

[4] => 11 
)

[14] => Array 

[6] => 12 
)


注:1. array_merge的键名是数字的将重新建立索引;遇到相同的字符串键名时,后面的将覆盖前面的。 2. array_merge_recursive函数的作用是将相同字符串的键名单元整合成一个数组。 
6. 数组的键值和值操作 
实例一:in_array()检测数组中是否有某个值存在

$array = range(0,9); 
if(in_array(9,$array)){ 
echo "数组中存在"; 

?> 
运行结果:数组中存在


实例二:key()取得数组当前的键名:

$array = range(0,9); 
$num = rand(0,8); 
while($num--) 
next($array); 
$key = key($array); 
echo $key; 
?> 
此实例结果为动态结果,范围(0-8),不做结果演示。


实例三:list()函数把数组中的值赋给指定变量: 
array("小李","男",23) 
); 
echo "

"; 
while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){ 
list($name,$sex,$age) = $value; 
echo ""; 

echo "
$name$sex$age
"; 
?>


实例四:array_flip()交换数组的键值和值:

$array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); 
print_r($array); 
echo "
"; 
$array = array_flip($array); 
print_r($array); 
?>

运行结果: 
Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black ) 
Array ( [red] => 0 [blue] => 1 [yellow] => 2 [Black] => 3 )

$array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); 
$result = array_keys($array); 
print_r($result); 
echo "
"; 
$result = array_values($array); 
print_r($result); 
?>

运行结果: 
Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 1 [2] => 2 [3] => 3 ) 
Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black ) 
实例六:array_search()搜索数值:

$array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); 
$result = array_search("red",$array); 
if(($result === NULL)){ 
echo "不存在数值red"; 
}else{ 
echo "存在数值 $result"; 

?>

结果:存在数值 0 
函数array_search()返回的值可能为false或0或NULL,所以在判断时注意要用"===" 
7. 数组的排序 
实例一:sort()、rsort()/asort()、arsort()对数组排序:

$array = array("b","c","d","a"); 
sort($array);//从低到高排序 
print_r($array); 
echo "
"; 
rsort($array);//逆向排序 
print_r($array); 
?>

结果: 
Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) 
Array ( [0] => d [1] => c [2] => b [3] => a ) 
sort()、rsort()函数对数组进行从低到高的排序,返回结果为bool值; 
asort()、arsort()函数是保留键值的排序,排序后键值不重新索引。 
实例二:将数组顺序打乱——shuffle()函数:

$array = array("a","b","c","d"); 
shuffle($array);//从低到高排序 
print_r($array); 
?>

结果为动态结果: 
Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => d [3] => b ) 
shuffle的结果有点随机的意味,每次刷新都不一样。 
实例三:array_reverse()数组反向:

$array = array("d","b","a","c"); 
$array = array_reverse($array);//从低到高排序 
print_r($array); 
?>

运行结果: 
Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => b [3] => d ) 
实例四:自然排序算法——natsort()和natcasesort();

$array = array("sort2","Sort5","sort1","sort4"); 
natsort($array);//从低到高排序 
print_r($array); 
echo "
"; 
natcasesort($array); 
print_r($array); 
?>

结果: 
Array ( [1] => Sort5 [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 ) 
Array ( [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 [1] => Sort5 ) 
natsort()、natcasesort()对数组进行自然排序,就是使用数字的正常排序算法。natcasesort会忽略大小写。 
实例五:对数组进行键值排序ksort():

$array = array(1=>"sort2",4=>"Sort5",2=>"sort1",3=>"sort4"); 
ksort($array);//从低到高排序 
print_r($array); 
?>

结果: 
Array ( [1] => sort2 [2] => sort1 [3] => sort4 [4] => Sort5 ) 
注意:ksort()函数重新建立了索引。 
8. 数组的其他用法

cout($array) --------统计数组的单元个数 
  array_diff($array1,$array2)----------统计数组之间的不同点,返回第一个数组中有而第二个数组中没有的。 
  array_diff_assoc($array1,$array2)---------同array_diff(),只是它对键值也比较 
  array_diff_key($array1,$array2)------------比较键值 
  array_product($array)-----------返回数组的所有数的乘积 
  array_sum($array)--------------所有数值的和 
  array_rand($array,$n)----------在$array数组中取出$n个数值,返回数组 
  array_intersect($array1,$array2)----------------取得两个数组的交集 
  array_intersect_assoc($array1,$array2)---------------在array_intersect 的基础上进行键值比较 
  array_intersect_key($array1,$array2)-----------------比较两个数组键值的交集  

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