beautifulsoup之CSS选择器

BeautifulSoup支持大部分的CSS选择器,其语法为:向tag或soup对象的.select()方法中传入字符串参数,选择的结果以列表形式返回。

  tag.select("string")

  BeautifulSoup.select("string")

 

源代码示例:

html = """

    
        The Dormouse's story
    
    
        

The Dormouse's story

Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were the first b tag Elsie , Lacie and Tillie ;and they lived at the bottom of a well.

myStory the end a tag

the p tag sibling """
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')

  1、通过标签选择

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# 选择所有title标签
soup. select ( "title" )
# 选择所有p标签中的第三个标签
soup. select ( "p:nth-of-type(3)" ) 相当于soup. select (p)[2]
# 选择body标签下的所有a标签
soup. select ( "body a" )
# 选择body标签下的直接a子标签
soup. select ( "body > a" )
# 选择id=link1后的所有兄弟节点标签
soup. select ( "#link1 ~ .mysis" )
# 选择id=link1后的下一个兄弟节点标签
soup. select ( "#link1 + .mysis" )

  2、通过类名查找

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# 选择a标签,其类属性为mysis的标签
soup. select ( "a.mysis" )

  3、通过id查找

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# 选择a标签,其id属性为link1的标签
soup. select ( "a#link1" )

  4、通过【属性】查找,当然也适用于class

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# 选择a标签,其属性中存在myname的所有标签
soup. select ( "a[myname]" )
# 选择a标签,其属性href=http://example.com/lacie的所有标签
soup. select ( "a[href='http://example.com/lacie']" )
# 选择a标签,其href属性以http开头
soup. select ( 'a[href^="http"]' )
# 选择a标签,其href属性以lacie结尾
soup. select ( 'a[href$="lacie"]' )
# 选择a标签,其href属性包含.com
soup. select ( 'a[href*=".com"]' )
# 从html中排除某标签,此时soup中不再有script标签
[s.extract()  for  in  soup( 'script' )]
# 如果想排除多个呢
[s.extract()  for  in  soup([ 'script' , 'fram' ]

  

  5、获取文本及属性

复制代码
html_doc = """
    
        The Dormouse<span style="color:rgb(128,0,0);line-height:1.5 !important;">'</span><span style="color:rgb(128,0,0);line-height:1.5 !important;">s story
    

    

class="title">The Dormouse's story

class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were "http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie, "http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie and "http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie;

and they lived at the bottom of a well.

class="story">...

""" from bs4 import BeautifulSoup ''' 以列表的形式返回 ''' soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser') s = soup.select('p.story') s[0].get_text() # p节点及子孙节点的文本内容 s[0].get_text("|") # 指定文本内容的分隔符 s[0].get_text("|", strip=True) # 去除文本内容前后的空白 print(s[0].get("class")) # p节点的class属性值列表(除class外都是返回字符串)
复制代码

 

  6、UnicodeDammit.detwingle() 方法只能解码包含在UTF-8编码中的Windows-1252编码内容,

new_doc = UnicodeDammit.detwingle(doc)
print(new_doc.decode("utf8"))
# ☃☃☃“I like snowmen!”

在创建 BeautifulSoup 或 UnicodeDammit 对象前一定要先对文档调用 UnicodeDammit.detwingle() 确保文档的编码方式正确.如果尝试去解析一段包含Windows-1252编码的UTF-8文档,就会得到一堆乱码,比如: ☃☃☃“I like snowmen!”.

  

  7、其它:

复制代码
html_doc = """
    
        The Dormouse<span style="color:rgb(128,0,0);line-height:1.5 !important;">'</span><span style="color:rgb(128,0,0);line-height:1.5 !important;">s story
    

    

class="title">The Dormouse's story

class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were "http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie, "http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie and "http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie;

and they lived at the bottom of a well.

class="story">...

""" from bs4 import BeautifulSoup ''' 以列表的形式返回 ''' soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser') soup.select('title') # title标签 soup.select("p:nth-of-type(3)") # 第三个p节点 soup.select('body a') # body下的所有子孙a节点 soup.select('p > a') # 所有p节点下的所有a直接节点 soup.select('p > #link1') # 所有p节点下的id=link1的直接子节点 soup.select('#link1 ~ .sister') # id为link1的节点后面class=sister的所有兄弟节点 soup.select('#link1 + .sister') # id为link1的节点后面class=sister的第一个兄弟节点 soup.select('.sister') # class=sister的所有节点 soup.select('[class="sister"]') # class=sister的所有节点 soup.select("#link1") # id=link1的节点 soup.select("a#link1") # a节点,且id=link1的节点 soup.select('a[href]') # 所有的a节点,有href属性 soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') # 指定href属性值的所有a节点 soup.select('a[href^="http://example.com/"]') # href属性以指定值开头的所有a节点 soup.select('a[href$="tillie"]') # href属性以指定值结尾的所有a节点 soup.select('a[href*=".com/el"]') # 支持正则匹配

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