Spring Boot——基于spring-boot-starter-mail发送邮件的 Service 服务类DEMO

前言

发送邮件应该是网站的必备拓展功能之一,注册验证,忘记密码或者是给用户发送营销信息。正常我们会用JavaMail相关api来写发送邮件的相关代码,但现在Spring Boot提供了一套集成spring-boot-starter-mail的更简易使用的封装。

基本概念

spring-boot-starter-mail

Spring框架提供了一个有用的实用程序库,用于发送电子邮件,使您免受底层邮件系统的限制,并负责代表客户端进行低级资源处理。

org.springframework.mail软件包是Spring框架的电子邮件支持的根级软件包。用于发送电子邮件的中央界面是该MailSender 界面。封装了简单邮件(例如fromto,以及许多其他邮件)的属性的简单值对象是SimpleMailMessage类。此程序包还包含一个已检查异常的层次结构,该层次结构提供了比较低级别的邮件系统异常更高的抽象级别,根异常为 MailException

官方文档

Spring Boot:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.4.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-email 

Spring:https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/integration.html#mail

Maven

    
	    org.springframework.boot
	    spring-boot-starter-mail
    
    
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
    

 依赖树:

spring-boot-starter-mail-xxx.jar对Sun公司的邮件api功能进行了相应的封装。 

:Sun公司的邮件API不在Java SE JDK中,需要下载Java EE JDK & Java EE SDK

(实际上Java EE是在Java SE基础上发展构建的,是一系列技术规范,官方提供的Java EE SDK是Java EE的参考实现,是实现Java EE最全的开发工具包,而我们常说的JDK只是包含Java SE API实现,Java SE中存在与Java EE有关的规范;Java EE 7主要包括下面一些技术规范:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/java/javaee/tech/index.html)

Java EE JDK Specification:https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr366/index.html

Java EE SDK:https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-ee-sdk-download.html

 

配置 

application.properties配置

#Email Config
spring.mail.test-connection=true
# 设置邮箱主机
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.port=587
# 设置用户名
[email protected]
# 设置密码,该处的密码是QQ邮箱开启SMTP的授权码而非QQ密码
spring.mail.password=xxxxxxxxxxxx
spring.mail.protocol=smtp
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8
# 设置是否需要认证,如果为true,那么用户名和密码就必须的,
# 如果设置false,可以不设置用户名和密码,当然也得看你的对接的平台是否支持无密码进行访问的。
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
# STARTTLS[1]  是对纯文本通信协议的扩展。它提供一种方式将纯文本连接升级为加密连接(TLS或SSL),而不是另外使用一个端口作加密通信。
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.port=465
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.class=javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback=false

 application.yml配置 

spring:
	mail:
    	# 163
    	host: smtp.163.com
    	port:
    	username: [email protected]
    	password: ************
    	protocol: smtp
    	default-encoding: UTF-8
    	properties:
      		mail.smtp.auth: true
      		mail.smtp.starttls.enable: true
      		mail.smtp.starttls.required: true
      		mail.smtp.socketFactory.port: 465
      		mail.smtp.socketFactory.class: javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory
      		mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback: false

Email配置类

用于解析Spring Boot配置文件中mail有关的自定义配置属性 

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.mail")
public class EmailConfig {
 
	/**
	 * 发件邮箱
	 */
	private String emailFrom;
 
	public String getEmailFrom() {
		return emailFrom;
	}
 
	public void setEmailFrom(String emailFrom) {
		this.emailFrom = emailFrom;
	}
	
}

Service

EmailService 

package club.zstuca.myzstu.service;

import javafx.util.Pair;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Author ShenTuZhiGang
 * @Version 1.0.0
 * @Date 2020-02-15 21:29
 */
public interface EmailService {
    /**
     * 发送简单邮件
     * @param to 收件人地址
     * @param subject  邮件标题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     */
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content);

    /**
     * 发送简单邮件
     * @param to 收件人地址
     * @param subject  邮件标题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     * @param attachments<文件名,附件> 附件列表
     */
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, List> attachments);

    /**
     * 发送模板邮件
     * @param to 收件人地址
     * @param subject  邮件标题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     * @param attachments<文件名,附件> 附件列表
     */
    public void sendTemplateMail(String to, String subject, Map content, List> attachments);
}

EmailServiceImpl 

package club.zstuca.myzstu.service.Impl;

import club.zstuca.myzstu.config.EmailConfig;
import club.zstuca.myzstu.service.EmailService;
import javafx.util.Pair;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Author ShenTuZhiGang
 * @Version 1.0.0
 * @Date 2020-02-15 21:31
 */
@Service
public class EmailServiceImpl  implements EmailService {
    @Autowired
    private EmailConfig emailConfig;

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    /**
     * 用来发送模版邮件
     */
    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;


    @Override
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String  content) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(emailConfig.getEmailFrom());
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(content);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    @Override
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, List> attachments) {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = null;
        try {
            helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
            helper.setFrom(emailConfig.getEmailFrom());
            helper.setTo(to);
            helper.setSubject(subject);
            helper.setText(content, true);
            if(attachments != null){
                for(Pair attachment:attachments){
                    FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(attachment.getValue());
                    helper.addAttachment(attachment.getKey(), file);
                }
            }
            mailSender.send(message);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void sendTemplateMail(String to, String subject, Map content, List> attachments) {
        Context context = new Context();
        context.setVariables(content);
        String emailContent = templateEngine.process("mail", context);
        sendAttachmentsMail(to,subject,emailContent,attachments);
    }
}

 TEST

package club.zstuca.myzstu.email;

import club.zstuca.myzstu.service.EmailService;
import javafx.util.Pair;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Author ShenTuZhiGang
 * @Version 1.0.0
 * @Date 2020-02-16 11:35
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class EmailTEST {

    @Autowired
    private EmailService emailService;
    @Test
    public void email(){
        emailService.sendSimpleMail("[email protected]","测试","测试内容");
        List> atta= new ArrayList<>();
        String filename = "E:\\Code\\Project\\JAVA\\myzstu\\src\\main\\resources\\application.properties";
        File file = new File(filename);
        Pair pair = new Pair<>("application.properties",file);
        atta.add(pair);
        emailService.sendAttachmentsMail("[email protected]","测试","测试内容",atta);
        Map content = new HashMap<>();
        content.put("code","abc");
        emailService.sendTemplateMail("[email protected]","测试",content,atta);
    }
}

常见问题

Gmail邮箱:[Couldn't connect to host, port: smtp.gmail.com, 465; timeout -1]

535 认证失败

邮件发送中出现553问题

Velocity找不到模板文件

163邮箱作为测试服务器,遇到了邮件被认为是垃圾邮件的问题

参考文章

https://blog.csdn.net/a286352250/article/details/53157963

https://blog.csdn.net/caychen/article/details/82887926

https://blog.csdn.net/yimcarson/article/details/84936440

https://blog.csdn.net/shangyuanlang/article/details/80883253

https://blog.csdn.net/lvyuan1234/article/details/80534072

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