发送邮件应该是网站的必备拓展功能之一,注册验证,忘记密码或者是给用户发送营销信息。正常我们会用JavaMail相关api来写发送邮件的相关代码,但现在Spring Boot提供了一套集成spring-boot-starter-mail的更简易使用的封装。
spring-boot-starter-mail:
Spring框架提供了一个有用的实用程序库,用于发送电子邮件,使您免受底层邮件系统的限制,并负责代表客户端进行低级资源处理。
该
org.springframework.mail
软件包是Spring框架的电子邮件支持的根级软件包。用于发送电子邮件的中央界面是该MailSender
界面。封装了简单邮件(例如from
和to
,以及许多其他邮件)的属性的简单值对象是SimpleMailMessage
类。此程序包还包含一个已检查异常的层次结构,该层次结构提供了比较低级别的邮件系统异常更高的抽象级别,根异常为MailException
。
Spring Boot:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.4.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-email
Spring:https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/integration.html#mail
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-mail
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
依赖树:
spring-boot-starter-mail-xxx.jar对Sun公司的邮件api功能进行了相应的封装。
注:Sun公司的邮件API不在Java SE JDK中,需要下载Java EE JDK & Java EE SDK
(实际上Java EE是在Java SE基础上发展构建的,是一系列技术规范,官方提供的Java EE SDK是Java EE的参考实现,是实现Java EE最全的开发工具包,而我们常说的JDK只是包含Java SE API实现,Java SE中存在与Java EE有关的规范;Java EE 7主要包括下面一些技术规范:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/java/javaee/tech/index.html)
Java EE JDK Specification:https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr366/index.html
Java EE SDK:https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-ee-sdk-download.html
application.properties配置
#Email Config
spring.mail.test-connection=true
# 设置邮箱主机
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.port=587
# 设置用户名
[email protected]
# 设置密码,该处的密码是QQ邮箱开启SMTP的授权码而非QQ密码
spring.mail.password=xxxxxxxxxxxx
spring.mail.protocol=smtp
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8
# 设置是否需要认证,如果为true,那么用户名和密码就必须的,
# 如果设置false,可以不设置用户名和密码,当然也得看你的对接的平台是否支持无密码进行访问的。
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
# STARTTLS[1] 是对纯文本通信协议的扩展。它提供一种方式将纯文本连接升级为加密连接(TLS或SSL),而不是另外使用一个端口作加密通信。
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.port=465
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.class=javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback=false
application.yml配置
spring:
mail:
# 163
host: smtp.163.com
port:
username: [email protected]
password: ************
protocol: smtp
default-encoding: UTF-8
properties:
mail.smtp.auth: true
mail.smtp.starttls.enable: true
mail.smtp.starttls.required: true
mail.smtp.socketFactory.port: 465
mail.smtp.socketFactory.class: javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory
mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback: false
用于解析Spring Boot配置文件中mail有关的自定义配置属性
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.mail")
public class EmailConfig {
/**
* 发件邮箱
*/
private String emailFrom;
public String getEmailFrom() {
return emailFrom;
}
public void setEmailFrom(String emailFrom) {
this.emailFrom = emailFrom;
}
}
EmailService
package club.zstuca.myzstu.service;
import javafx.util.Pair;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @Author ShenTuZhiGang
* @Version 1.0.0
* @Date 2020-02-15 21:29
*/
public interface EmailService {
/**
* 发送简单邮件
* @param to 收件人地址
* @param subject 邮件标题
* @param content 邮件内容
*/
public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content);
/**
* 发送简单邮件
* @param to 收件人地址
* @param subject 邮件标题
* @param content 邮件内容
* @param attachments<文件名,附件> 附件列表
*/
public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, List> attachments);
/**
* 发送模板邮件
* @param to 收件人地址
* @param subject 邮件标题
* @param content 邮件内容
* @param attachments<文件名,附件> 附件列表
*/
public void sendTemplateMail(String to, String subject, Map content, List> attachments);
}
EmailServiceImpl
package club.zstuca.myzstu.service.Impl;
import club.zstuca.myzstu.config.EmailConfig;
import club.zstuca.myzstu.service.EmailService;
import javafx.util.Pair;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @Author ShenTuZhiGang
* @Version 1.0.0
* @Date 2020-02-15 21:31
*/
@Service
public class EmailServiceImpl implements EmailService {
@Autowired
private EmailConfig emailConfig;
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender mailSender;
/**
* 用来发送模版邮件
*/
@Autowired
private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
@Override
public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
message.setFrom(emailConfig.getEmailFrom());
message.setTo(to);
message.setSubject(subject);
message.setText(content);
mailSender.send(message);
}
@Override
public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, List> attachments) {
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = null;
try {
helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(emailConfig.getEmailFrom());
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
if(attachments != null){
for(Pair attachment:attachments){
FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(attachment.getValue());
helper.addAttachment(attachment.getKey(), file);
}
}
mailSender.send(message);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void sendTemplateMail(String to, String subject, Map content, List> attachments) {
Context context = new Context();
context.setVariables(content);
String emailContent = templateEngine.process("mail", context);
sendAttachmentsMail(to,subject,emailContent,attachments);
}
}
package club.zstuca.myzstu.email;
import club.zstuca.myzstu.service.EmailService;
import javafx.util.Pair;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @Author ShenTuZhiGang
* @Version 1.0.0
* @Date 2020-02-16 11:35
*/
@SpringBootTest
public class EmailTEST {
@Autowired
private EmailService emailService;
@Test
public void email(){
emailService.sendSimpleMail("[email protected]","测试","测试内容");
List> atta= new ArrayList<>();
String filename = "E:\\Code\\Project\\JAVA\\myzstu\\src\\main\\resources\\application.properties";
File file = new File(filename);
Pair pair = new Pair<>("application.properties",file);
atta.add(pair);
emailService.sendAttachmentsMail("[email protected]","测试","测试内容",atta);
Map content = new HashMap<>();
content.put("code","abc");
emailService.sendTemplateMail("[email protected]","测试",content,atta);
}
}
Gmail邮箱:[Couldn't connect to host, port: smtp.gmail.com, 465; timeout -1]
535 认证失败
邮件发送中出现553问题
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