LINUX NFS 配置

10.3 NFS服务端部署环境准备

10.3.1 NFS服务部署服务器准备

服务器系统

角色

IP

Centos6.7 x86_64

NFS服务器端(NFS-server)

192.168.1.14

Centos6.7 x86_64

NFS客户端(Web-lamp01)

192.168.1.15

Centos6.7 x86_64

NFS客户端(Web-lnmp02)

192.168.1.16

 

 

 

 

10.3.2 NFS服务部署架构图

LINUX NFS 配置_第1张图片

 

10.3.3 NFS服务器端操作系统及内核版本

 

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

2 CentOS release 6.7 (Final)

3 [root@NFS-server ~]# username -r

4 [root@NFS-server ~]# uname -r

5 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64

6 [root@NFS-server ~]# uname -m

7 x86_64

 

10.4 NFS服务安装前准备

10.4.1 查询nfs-utils和rpcbind包是否安装

 

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind   ##查询结果为两个安装包都未安装

2 [root@NFS-server ~]#

知识扩展:

安装NFS软件安装的3种方法:

检查:rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind ←最佳

1)方法1:yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind

2)方法2:通过系统光盘里的rpm包安装,命令如:rpm -ivh nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.e16.x86_64.rpm

3)方法3:LANG=en

yum grouplist|grep -i nfs

yum groupinstall "NFS file server" -y

 

10.4.2使用方法1安装所需软件包

LINUX NFS 配置_第2张图片

 

10.4.3检查安装包是否安装上

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind

2 rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6_7.x86_64

3 nfs-utils-1.2.3-64.el6.x86_64

10.4.4 接下来启动相应的服务

 

 1 [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status  <==检查rpcbind服务状态

 2 rpcbind is stopped

 3 [root@NFS-server ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost  <==rpcbind服务未启动检查 rpcinfo信息报错

 4 rpcinfo: can't contact portmapper: RPC: Remote system error - Connection refused

 5 [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start  <==启动rpcbind服务

 6 Starting rpcbind:                                          [  OK  ]

 7 [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status

 8 rpcbind (pid  2083) is running...

 9 [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs status  <==查看nfs服务状态

10 rpc.svcgssd is stopped

11 rpc.mountd is stopped

12 nfsd is stopped

13 rpc.rquotad is stopped

14 [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start  <==启动nfs服务

15 Starting NFS services:                                     [  OK  ]

16 Starting NFS quotas:                                       [  OK  ]

17 Starting NFS mountd:                                       [  OK  ]

18 Starting NFS daemon:                                       [  OK  ]

19 Starting RPC idmapd:                                       [  OK  ]

 

10.4.5 设置开机自启动

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --level 35  nfs on  <==设置nfs服务开机自启动

2 [root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --list nfs

3 nfs             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:on    6:off

4 [root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --level 35 rpcbind on

5 [root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind     <==<==设置rpcbind服务开机自启动

6 rpcbind         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

10.5 配置NFS服务端

10.5.1 NFS服务端配置文件路径

NFS服务配置文件路径为:/etc/exports,并且默认是为空。

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# ll /etc/exports

2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 12  2010 /etc/exports

3 [root@NFS-server ~]# cat /etc/exports

4 [root@NFS-server ~]#

10.5.2 编辑NFS服务端配置文件

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# vim /etc/exports

2 /data 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)  <==添加如下内容,这里要注意加all_squash是将所有的普通用户压缩成匿名用户nobody,如果参数不加,客户端普通用户有可能将没有写的权限。

 

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# vim /etc/exports

2 /data 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)  <==添加如下内容

3 [root@NFS-server ~]# mkdir -p /data  <==创建共享目录/data

4 [root@NFS-server ~]# ls -ld /data

5 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Nov 26 15:19 /data  <==当前共享目录的属主属组分别为root

6 [root@NFS-server ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody /data  <==修改/data及子文件属主属组为nfsnobody

7 [root@NFS-server ~]# ls -ld /data                     

8 drwxr-xr-x. 3 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 /data

 

10.5.3 重新加载NFS服务(优雅重启)

 

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs reload ===exportfs -r

2 [root@NFS-server ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab               

3 /data   192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534,sec=sys,rw,root_squash,all_squash)

4 [root@NFS-server ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.14 <==挂载前首先检查有权限需要挂载的信息

5 Export list for 192.168.1.14:

6 /data 192.168.1.0/24 <---可以看到共享/data目录

 

10.5.4 检查或测试挂载

 

1 [root@NFS-server test]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt  ##将/data共享目录挂载到/mnt目录

2 [root@NFS-server test]# df -h

3 Filesystem          Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

4 /dev/sda3           7.1G  1.5G  5.3G  22% /

5 tmpfs               279M     0  279M   0% /dev/shm

6 /dev/sda1           190M   36M  145M  20% /boot

7 192.168.1.14:/data  7.1G  1.5G  5.3G  22% /mnt

 

 

 

 1 [root@NFS-server test]# vim /etc/rc.local

 2 #!/bin/sh

 3 #

 4 # This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.

 5 # You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't

 6 # want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

 7

 8 touch /var/lock/subsys/local

 9 #start up nfs services by zhurui at 20160226

10 /etc/init.d/rpcbind start <==开机自启rpcbind服务

11 /etc/init.d/nfs start  <==开机自启nfs服务

 

Web-lamp01客户端部署:

 

 1 1.安装软件

 2 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind  

 3 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security

 4 Setting up Install Process

 5 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 6  * base: mirrors.sina.cn

 7  * extras: mirrors.opencas.cn

 8  * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn

 9 base                                             | 3.7 kB     00:00    

10 extras                                           | 3.4 kB     00:00    

11 extras/primary_db                                |  34 kB     00:00    

12 updates                                          | 3.4 kB     00:00

13 2.启动rpcbind

14 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start

15 Starting rpcbind:                                          [  OK  ]

16 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]#

17 3.配置开机自启动

18 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 rpcbind on

19 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind

20 rpcbind         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

21 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]#

22 4.测试服务端共享

23 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.14

24 Export list for 192.168.1.14:

25 /data 192.168.1.0/24

26 5.挂载

27 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

28 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# df -h

29 Filesystem          Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

30 /dev/sda3           7.1G  1.5G  5.3G  22% /

31 tmpfs               279M     0  279M   0% /dev/shm

32 /dev/sda1           190M   36M  145M  20% /boot

33 192.168.1.14:/data  7.1G  1.5G  5.3G  22% /mnt

34 6.测试读,写

35 服务器端:

36 [root@NFS-server test]# cd /data/

37 [root@NFS-server data]# ll

38 total 8

39 -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody    0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf

40 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

41 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui

42 [root@NFS-server data]# mkdir zhurui1

43 [root@NFS-server data]# ll

44 total 12

45 -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody    0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf

46 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

47 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui

48 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root      root      4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1

49 客户端:

50 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# cd /mnt/

51 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll

52 total 4

53 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

54 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# touch fs.sf

55 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll

56 total 4

57 -rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody    0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf

58 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

59 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# mkdir zhurui

60 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ls -ld zhurui/

61 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui/

62 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll

63 total 12

64 -rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody    0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf

65 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

66 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui

67 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1

68 7.开机自启动

69 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# vim /etc/rc.local

70 #start  up rpcbind services by zhurui 20160226

71

72 /etc/init.d/rpcbind start

73

74 /bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

 

Web-lnmp02客户端部署跟Web-lamp01部署步骤相同,这里就不多加说明

 

14  1 1.安装软件

15  2 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind  

16  3 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security

17  4 Setting up Install Process

18  5 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

19  6  * base: mirrors.sina.cn

20  7  * extras: mirrors.opencas.cn

21  8  * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn

22  9 base                                             | 3.7 kB     00:00    

23 10 extras                                           | 3.4 kB     00:00    

24 11 extras/primary_db                                |  34 kB     00:00    

25 12 updates                                          | 3.4 kB     00:00

26 13 2.启动rpcbind

27 14 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start

28 15 Starting rpcbind:                                          [  OK  ]

29 16 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]#

30 17 3.配置开机自启动

31 18 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 rpcbind on

32 19 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind

33 20 rpcbind         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

34 21 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]#

35 22 4.测试服务端共享

36 23 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.14

37 24 Export list for 192.168.1.14:

38 25 /data 192.168.1.0/24

39 26 5.挂载

40 27 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

41 28 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# df -h

42 29 Filesystem          Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

43 30 /dev/sda3           7.1G  1.5G  5.3G  22% /

44 31 tmpfs               279M     0  279M   0% /dev/shm

45 32 /dev/sda1           190M   36M  145M  20% /boot

46 33 192.168.1.14:/data  7.1G  1.5G  5.3G  22% /mnt

47 34 6.测试读,写

48 35 服务器端:

49 36 [root@NFS-server test]# cd /data/

50 37 [root@NFS-server data]# ll

51 38 total 8

52 39 -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody    0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf

53 40 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

54 41 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui

55 42 [root@NFS-server data]# mkdir zhurui1

56 43 [root@NFS-server data]# ll

57 44 total 12

58 45 -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody    0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf

59 46 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

60 47 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui

61 48 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root      root      4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1

62 49 客户端:

63 50 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# cd /mnt/

64 51 [root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# ll

65 52 total 4

66 53 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

67 54 [root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# touch fs.sf

68 55 [root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# ll

69 56 total 4

70 57 -rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody    0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf

71 58 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

72 59 [root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# mkdir zhurui

73 60 [root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# ls -ld zhurui/

74 61 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui/

75 62 [root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# ll

76 63 total 12

77 64 -rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody    0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf

78 65 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test

79 66 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui

80 67 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1

81 68 7.开机自启动

82 69 [root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# vim /etc/rc.local

83 70 #start  up rpcbind services by zhurui 20160226

84 71

85 72 /etc/init.d/rpcbind start

86 73

87 74 /bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

 

10.6 mount挂载性能优化参数选项

(1)禁止更新目录及文件时间戳挂载

1 mount -t nfs -o noatime,nodiratime 192.168.1.14:/data

(2)安全加优化的挂载方式

1 mount -t nfs -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,intr,rsize=131072,wsize=131072 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

LINUX NFS 配置_第3张图片

(3)默认的挂载方式

1 mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

10.7 NFS内核优化

对应的具体内核优化命令:

1 cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<

2 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

3 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

4 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

5 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

6 EOF

你可能感兴趣的:(LINUX NFS 配置)