老男孩-yum及Linux必背命令
yum以及Linux必备命令
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yum
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Linux必备工具详情
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娱乐命令
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必备工具
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1.yum
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yum源：Linux下载软件 软件仓库
- 默认的yum源是随机地方的 修改到yum源为指定的网站
- 增加新的yum源：epel
yum源配置文件：
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 40 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Jan 7 23:46 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Base.repo.backup -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Vault.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664 Jan 7 23:59 epel.repo [root@oldboyedu ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo # CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # #mirrorlist 下载地址 [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
- 把系统当前的yum源 修改为清华/阿里云下载
#查看Linux当前使用的yum源是什么?
[root@oldboyedu ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,097
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,510
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 307
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 1,010
repolist: 24,924
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修改为 从阿里下载软件
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS.Base.repo.backup # wget curl 用于下载软件 wget centos 7 中 默认没有安
- 增加epel
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@oldboyedu ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
!base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,097
!epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,510
!extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 307
!updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 1,010
repolist: 24,924
2.Linux必备工具详解
必须安装的工具
yum install -y tree
tree vim wget bash-completion bash-completion-extras lrzsz net-tools sysstat iotop iftop htop unzip nc nmap telnet bc psmisc httpd-tools bind-utils nethogs cowsay sl
#删除linux下面 yum缓存
[root@oldboyedu ~]# yum clean all
| 命令 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| tree | 以树形显示目录结构 ls |
| psmisc | pstree 等命令 |
| vim | vi升级版 |
| wget | 下载工具 |
| bash-completion(默认源) | 自动补全增强工具，可以补全命令参数 |
| bash-completion-extras(epel) | 自动补全超级增强工具，可以补全命令参数 |
| lrzsz | 上传下载工具rz和sz |
| net-tools | ifconfig route命令属于软件包 |
| sysstat | sar iostat属于软件包 |
| iotop | 查询网络流量情况 |
| iftop | 查询网络流量情况 |
| nethogs | 显示每个进程的流量情况 |
| htop | top升级版 |
| unzip | 解压 |
| nc | ncat类似telnet |
| nmap | 网络扫描工具 |
| telnet | 检查端口是否开启 |
| bc | 基础计算机 |
| lsof | 显示所有被打开文件 |
| dig | DNS解析bind-utils软件包 |
| nslookup | DNS解析bind-utils软件包 |
| host | DNS解析bind-utils软件包 |
| htpasswd | 创建密码文件 存放用户名和加密的密码 一般用于nginx简单认证中 |
2.1娱乐命令
#cowsay "奥力给" 奶牛说“奥力给”
[root@oldboyedu ~]# cowsay "奥力给"
_____
< 奥力给 >
-----
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
[root@oldboyedu ~]# animalsay "我来啦"
_____
< 我来啦 >
-----
\ ____________
\ |__________|
/ /\
/ / \
/___________/___/|
| | |
| ==\ /== | |
| O O | \ \ |
| < | \ \|
/| | \ \
/ | \_____/ | / /
/ /| | / /|
/||\| | /||\/
-------------|
| | | |
<__/ \__>
2.2必备工具
#1.tree 以树形显示目录结构
## -L 2 显示目录中最多 几层内容
[root@oldboyedu ~]# tree -L 1 /
/
├── bin -> usr/bin
├── boot
├── data
├── dev
├── etc
├── home
├── lib -> usr/lib
├── lib64 -> usr/lib64
├── media
├── mnt
├── myfile
├── oldboy
├── oldzhu
├── opt
├── proc
├── root
├── run
├── sbin -> usr/sbin
├── srv
├── sys
├── tmp
├── usr
└── var
23 directories, 0 files
#2.vim vi升级版
#3. wget 下载指定的文件
wget www.baidu.com
#下载到指定目录 使用 -P 如果目录不存在 则wget自动创建
默认下载到当前目录
[root@oldboyedu ~]# wget -P
/oldwang/lidao/oldboy/alex/ddd/xxxx/oooo/ www.baidu.com
#4. 自动补全增强版
安装完成后 第1次使用需要重新登录(窗口 断开 重新连接)
bash-completion(默认源)自动补全增强工具,可以补全命令参数
bash-completion-extras(epel)自动补全超级增强工具,可以补全命令参数
#5. bc basic calc 计算机
[root@oldboyedu ~]# bc
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
1/3
0
## -l显示带小数
[root@oldboyedu ~]# bc -l
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
1/3
.33333333333333333333
##6.lrzsz rz和sz
##7.htop
##8.nmap