最近在复习 C++ 基础知识,遇到了这个案例,这个案例涵盖了 C++ 很多重要的知识,如果有需要可以参考,代码和书中的一样。
程序分为 6 个文件:date.h 是日期类头文件,date.cpp 是日期类实现文件,accumulator.h 是为按日将数值累加的 Accumulator 类的头文件,account.h 是各个储蓄账户类定义头文件,account.cpp 是各个储蓄账户类实现文件,还有一个是主文件。代码如下:
//==========================================
// Filename : 个人银行账户管理程序
// Time : 2019年4月30日
// Authonr : 柚子树
// Email : [email protected]
//==========================================
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "account.h"
#include
#include
using namespace std;
struct deleter
{
template<class T>
void operator()(T *p) { delete p; }
};
class Controller // 控制器,用来存储账户列表和处理命令
{
private:
Date date; // 当前日期
vector<Account*>accounts; // 账户列表
bool end; // 用户是否输入了退出指令
public:
Controller(const Date &date) : date(date), end(false) {}
~Controller();
const Date &getDate() const { return date; }
bool isEnd() const { return end; }
// 执行一条命令,返回该命令是否改变了当前状态(即是否需要保存该命令)
bool runCommand(const string &cmdLine);
};
Controller::~Controller()
{
for_each(accounts.begin(), accounts.end(), deleter());
}
bool Controller::runCommand(const string &cmdLine)
{
istringstream str(cmdLine);
char cmd, type;
int index, day;
double amount, credit, rate, fee;
string id, desc;
Account *account;
Date date1, date2;
str >> cmd;
switch (cmd)
{
case 'a': // 增加账户
str >> type >> id;
if (type == 's')
{
str >> rate;
account = new SavingAccount(date, id, rate);
}
else
{
str >> credit >> rate >> fee;
account = new CreditAccount(date, id, credit, rate, fee);
}
accounts.push_back(account);
return true;
case 'd': // 存入现金
str >> index >> amount;
getline(str, desc);
accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
return true;
case 'w': // 取出现金
str >> index >> amount;
getline(str, desc);
accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
return true;
case 's': // 查询各账户信息
for (size_t i = 0; i < accounts.size(); i++)
{
cout << "[" << i << "]";
accounts[i]->show(cout);
cout << endl;
}
return false;
case 'c': // 改变日期
str >> day;
if (day < date.getDay())
{
cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
}
else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
{
cout << "Invalid day";
}
else
{
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
}
return true;
case 'n': // 进入下个月
if (date.getMonth() == 12)
{
date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
}
else
{
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
}
for (vector<Account*>::iterator iter = accounts.begin();
iter != accounts.end(); ++iter)
{
(*iter)->settle(date);
}
return true;
case 'q': // 查询一段时间内的账目
str >> date1 >> date2;
Account::query(date1, date2);
return false;
case 'e': // 退出
end = true;
return false;
}
cout << "Invalid command: " << cmdLine << endl;
return false;
}
int main()
{
Date date(2008, 11, 1); // 起始日期
Controller controller(date);
string cmdLine;
const char *FILE_NAME = "command.txt";
ifstream fileIn(FILE_NAME); // 以只读方式打开文件
if (fileIn) // 如果正常打开,就执行文件中每一条指令
{
while (getline(fileIn, cmdLine))
{
try
{
controller.runCommand(cmdLine);
}
catch (const std::exception &e)
{
cout << "Bad line in" << FILE_NAME << ": " << cmdLine << endl;
cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
return 1;
}
}
fileIn.close(); // 关闭文件
}
ofstream fileOut(FILE_NAME, ios_base::app); // 以追加方式打开文件
cout << "(a) add account (d) deposit (w) withdraw (s) show (c) change day (n) next month (q)query(e) exit" << endl;
while (! controller.isEnd()) // 从标准输入读入命令,直到退出
{
cout << controller.getDate() << "\tTotal: " << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";
string cmdLine;
getline(cin, cmdLine);
try
{
if (controller.runCommand(cmdLine))
{
fileOut << cmdLine << endl; // 将命令写入文件
}
}
catch (AccountException &e)
{
cout << "Error(#" << e.getAccount()->getId() << "): " << e.what() << endl;
}
catch (const std::exception &e)
{
cout << "Error:" << e.what() << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
// date.h
#pragma once
#ifndef __DATE_H__
#define __DATE_H__
#include
class Date // 日期类
{
public:
Date(int year = 1, int month = 1, int day = 1); // 用年、月、日构造日期
int getYear() const { return year; }
int getMonth() const { return month; }
int getDay() const { return day; }
int getMaxDay() const; // 判断当月有多少天
bool isLeapYear() const // 判断当年是否为闰年
{
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
void show() const; // 输出当前日期
// 计算两个日期之间差多少天
int operator-(const Date &date) const
{
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
// 判断两个日期的前后顺序
bool operator<(const Date &date) const
{
return totalDays < date.totalDays;
}
private:
int year;
int month;
int day;
int totalDays; // 该日期是从公元 1 月 1 日开始的第几天
};
std::istream &operator >> (std::istream &in, Date &date);
std::ostream &operator << (std::ostream &out, const Date &date);
#endif // !__DATE_H__
// date.cpp
#include "date.h"
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
namespace
{
// namespace 使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
// 存储平年中的某个月 1 日之前有多少天,为便于 getMaxDay 函数的实现,该数组多出一项
const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304,
334, 365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day):year(year), month(month), day(day)
{
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay())
{
throw runtime_error("Invalid date");
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)
{
totalDays++;
}
}
int Date::getMaxDay() const
{
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
{
return 29;
}
else
{
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
}
void Date::show() const
{
cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}
std::istream & operator >> (std::istream & in, Date &date)
{
int year, month, day;
char c1, c2;
in >> year >> c1 >> month >> c2 >> day;
if (c1 != '-' || c2 != '-')
{
throw runtime_error("Bad time forman");
}
date = Date(year, month, day);
return in;
}
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, const Date &date)
{
out << date.getYear() << "-" << date.getMonth() << "-" << date.getDay();
return out;
}
// accumulator.h
#pragma once
#ifndef __ACCUMULATOR_H__
#define __ACCUMULATOR_H__
#include "date.h"
class Accumulator // 将某个数值按日累加
{
public:
// 构造函数,date 为开始累加的日期,value 为初始值
Accumulator(const Date &date, double value): lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0){}
// 获得日期 date 的累加结果
double getSum(const Date &date) const
{
return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
}
// 在 date 将数值变更为 value
void change(const Date &date, double value)
{
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
}
// 初始化,将日期变为 date,数值变为 value,累加器清零
void reset(const Date &date, double value)
{
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
sum = 0;
}
private:
Date lastDate; // 上次变更数值的日期
double value; // 数值的当前值
double sum; // 数值按日累加值
};
#endif // !__ACCUMULATOR_H__
// account.h
#pragma once
#include "date.h"
#include "accumulator.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Account; // 前置声明
class AccountException : public std::runtime_error
{
private:
const Account *account;
public:
AccountException(const Account *account, const std::string &msg)
:runtime_error(msg), account(account) {}
const Account *getAccount() const { return account; }
};
class AccountRecord // 账目记录
{
private:
Date date; // 日期
const Account *account; // 账户
double amount; // 金额
double balance; // 余额
string desc; // 描述
public:
// 构造函数
AccountRecord(const Date &date, const Account *account, double amount,
double balance, const string &desc);
void show() const; // 输出当前记录
};
// 定义用来存储账目记录的多重映射类型
typedef multimap<Date, AccountRecord>RecordMap;
class Account // 账户类
{
private:
string id; // 账号
double balance; // 余额
static double total; // 所有账户的总金额
static RecordMap recordMap; // 账目记录
protected:
// 供派生类调用的构造函数,id 为账户
Account(const Date &date, const string &id);
// 记录一笔账,date 为日期, amount 为金额, desc 为说明
void record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
// 报告错误信息
void error(const string &msg) const;
public:
const string &getId() const
{
return id;
}
double getBalancee() const
{
return balance;
}
static double getTotal()
{
return total;
}
// 存入现金,date 为日期,amount 为金额,desc 为款项说明
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) = 0;
// 取出现金,date 为日期,amount 为金额,desc 为款项说明
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) = 0;
// 结算(计算利息、年费等),每月结算一次,date 为结算日期
virtual void settle(const Date &date) = 0;
// 显示账户信息
virtual void show(std::ostream &out) const;
//查询指定时间内的账目记录
static void query(const Date &begin, const Date &end);
};
class SavingAccount : public Account // 储蓄账户类
{
private:
Accumulator acc; // 辅助计算利息的累加器
double rate; // 存款的年利率
public:
// 构造函数
SavingAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate);
double getRate() const { return rate; }
// 存入现金
void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
// 取出现金
void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
void settle(const Date &date); // 结算利息,每年 1 月 1 日调用一次该函数
};
class CreditAccount : public Account // 信用账户类
{
private:
Accumulator acc; // 辅助计算利息的累加器
double credit; // 信用额度
double rate; // 欠款的日利率
double fee; // 信用卡年费
double getDebt() const // 获得欠款额
{
double balance = getBalancee();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
public:
// 构造函数
CreditAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
double getCredit() const { return credit; }
double getRate() const { return rate; }
double getFee() const { return fee; }
double getAvailableCredit() const // 获得可用信用额度
{
if (getBalancee() < 0)
{
return credit + getBalancee();
}
else
{
return credit;
}
}
// 存入现金
void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
// 取出现金
void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
void settle(const Date &date);
void show(std::ostream &out) const;
};
inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Account &account)
{
account.show(out);
return out;
}
// account.cpp
#include "account.h"
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
using namespace std::rel_ops;
double Account::total = 0;
//Account 类的实现
RecordMap Account::recordMap;
Account::Account(const Date & date, const string & id) : id(id), balance(0)
{
cout << date << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void Account::record(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc)
{
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; // 保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void Account::error(const string &msg) const
{
throw AccountException(this, msg);
}
void Account::show(ostream &out) const
{
cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
void Account::query(const Date & begin, const Date & end)
{
if (begin <= end)
{
RecordMap::iterator iter1 = recordMap.lower_bound(begin);
RecordMap::iterator iter2 = recordMap.upper_bound(end);
for (RecordMap::iterator iter = iter1; iter != iter2; ++iter)
{
iter->second.show();
}
}
}
// SavingAccount 类相关成员函数的实现
SavingAccount::SavingAccount(const Date & date, const string & id, double rate)
: Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}
void SavingAccount::deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc)
{
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalancee());
}
void SavingAccount::withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc)
{
if (amount > getBalancee())
{
error("not enough money");
}
else
{
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalancee());
}
}
void SavingAccount::settle(const Date & date)
{
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
{
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate
/ (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
{
record(date, interest, "interest");
}
acc.reset(date, getBalancee());
}
}
// CreditAccount 类相关成员函数的实现
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date & date, const string & id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
:Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}
void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc)
{
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc)
{
if (amount - getBalancee() > credit)
{
error("not enough credit");
}
else
{
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
void CreditAccount::settle(const Date & date)
{
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
{
record(date, interest, "interest");
}
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
{
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
}
void CreditAccount::show(ostream &out) const
{
Account::show(out);
cout << "\tAvailable credit: " << getAvailableCredit();
}
// AccountRecord 类的实现
AccountRecord::AccountRecord(const Date & date, const Account * account, double amount,
double balance, const string & desc): date(date), account(account),
balance(balance), desc(desc) {}
void AccountRecord::show() const
{
cout << date << "\t#" << account->getId() << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}