在开发新版本中,遇到一个问题是需要把所有的TextView与继承TextView的View替换为自定义TextView,这个改动对我们项目来说工作量是巨大的。那么有没有好办法呢?
想想在使用android support library时,view有些属性本来是不支持的,突然就支持了而且能向下兼容。那是怎么实现的呢?其实就是使用LayoutInflater Factory,将XXXView替换为了AppCompactXXXView,这正是我们想要的。接下来我们就来介绍一下:
说到LayoutInflater大家肯定都不会陌生,今天我们主要介绍以下两个方法:
setFactory2是在SDK>11时候添加的,如果你是基于11以上的就使用setFactory2,否则就使用setFactory ,两者功能基本一致。当然你不想考虑兼容问题可以直接使用LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory()。让我们看看这两个方法:
public interface Factory {
public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs);
}
public interface Factory2 extends Factory {
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs);
}
其实就是一个接口,在系统填充view前会回调该接口,你可以去自定义布局的填充(有点类似于拦截器)。
使用LayoutInflater Factory的这一特性可以做很多事:
提高view构建的效率
替换默认view实现,改变或添加属性
我们先写个小例子属性一下使用:
public class TestLayoutFactory implements LayoutInflaterFactory {
private static final String TAG = "TestLayoutFactory";
@Override
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
Log.d(TAG, "name = " + name);
int n = attrs.getAttributeCount();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
Log.d(TAG, attrs.getAttributeName(i) + " , " + attrs.getAttributeValue(i));
}
return null;
}
}
这里我们继承LayoutInflaterFactory重写了onCreateView(),AttributeSet大家都不陌生,这里的AttributeSet也和自定义view中见到的一样,保存了view的一些属性。代码很简单,就是将view的属性用Log打印出来。
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// 注意需在调用super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);之前设置
LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory(getLayoutInflater(), new TestLayoutFactory());
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_test_layout_factory);
}
在Activity中使用时注意一定要在super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);之前调用。
我们的布局是这样的:
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/activity_test_layout_factory"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.licheng.testapp.layoutfactory.TestLayoutFactoryActivity">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/test"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:padding="10dp"
android:textColor="@android:color/white"
android:background="@android:color/black"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
FrameLayout>
我们看下log:
TestLayoutFactory: name = FrameLayout
TestLayoutFactory: id , @2131427431
TestLayoutFactory: layout_width , -1
TestLayoutFactory: layout_height , -1
TestLayoutFactory: name = TextView
TestLayoutFactory: textSize , 16.0sp
TestLayoutFactory: textColor , @17170443
TestLayoutFactory: layout_gravity , 0x11
TestLayoutFactory: background , @17170444
TestLayoutFactory: padding , 10.0dip
TestLayoutFactory: layout_width , -2
TestLayoutFactory: layout_height , -2
TestLayoutFactory: text , @2131099670
我们发现我们的在xml中给view设置的属性都打印出来了。参数name就是View的名字,我们根据这点就能实现接下来的功能:
我们这里有个自定义的GoTextView,一般使用时如下:
"@+id/activity_test_layout_factory"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.licheng.testapp.layoutfactory.TestLayoutFactoryActivity">
<com.example.licheng.testapp.layoutfactory.GoTextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/test"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:padding="10dp"
android:textColor="@android:color/white"
android:background="@android:color/black"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
在xml中使用完全类名。我们看下系统是如何构建我们自定义view的,一般的流程:inflate()->createViewFromTag()->CreateView()
我们先看看createViewFromTag()部分重要代码:
if (view == null) {
final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
try {
if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
} else {
view = createView(name, null, attrs);
}
} finally {
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
}
}
这里我们可以看到,根据name是否包含“.”来判断是否是自定义view,如果是自定义view就会调用CreateView()
public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
Constructor extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) {
constructor = null;
sConstructorMap.remove(name);
}
Class extends View> clazz = null;
try {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, name);
if (constructor == null) {
// Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);
if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
if (!allowed) {
failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
}
}
constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
} else {
// If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor
if (mFilter != null) {
// Have we seen this name before?
Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);
if (allowedState == null) {
// New class -- remember whether it is allowed
clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);
boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);
if (!allowed) {
failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
}
} else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {
failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
}
}
}
Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
args[1] = attrs;
final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
// Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
}
return view;
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
// 省略代码...
}
}
我们根据以上代码可以知道系统根据标签name反射构建我们的自定义view,我们使用LayoutInflater Factory就可以自己去构建view :
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/activity_test_layout_factory"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.licheng.testapp.layoutfactory.TestLayoutFactoryActivity">
<GoTextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/test"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:padding="10dp"
android:textColor="@android:color/white"
android:background="@android:color/black"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
FrameLayout>
public class TestLayoutFactory implements LayoutInflaterFactory {
private static final String TAG = "TestLayoutFactory";
@Override
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
if (TextUtils.equals("GoTextView", name)) {
return new GoTextView(context,attrs);
}
return null;
}
}
我们可以不用在xml中写完整的类名,只要匹配到name我们就可以直接new出自定义view,避免系统反射调用,提高view创建速度。
回到我们最初的需求,就是将系统TextView全部替换为自定义的GoTextView,从上面的例子我们就知道该怎么做了:
我们项目中一般都有一个BaseActivity,我们在其中setFactory
public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "BaseActivity";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// 注意需在调用super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);之前设置
LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory(getLayoutInflater(), new TestLayoutFactory());
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_test_layout_factory);
}
}
然后再实现onCreateView(),就这么简单的实现了“狸猫换太子”。
@Override
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
if (TextUtils.equals("TextView", name)) {
return new GoTextView(context,attrs);
}
return null;
}
其实兼容包也是这么做的,我们可以点开support library 的AppCompatActivity
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
final AppCompatDelegate delegate = getDelegate();
delegate.installViewFactory();
delegate.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// 省略代码....
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
AppCompatActivity大部分功能是交给AppCompatDelegate去实现的,在onCreate中我们可以看到是调用了installViewFactory()
@Override
public void installViewFactory() {
LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
if (layoutInflater.getFactory() == null) {
LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory(layoutInflater, this);
} else {
if (!(LayoutInflaterCompat.getFactory(layoutInflater)
instanceof AppCompatDelegateImplV9)) {
Log.i(TAG, "The Activity's LayoutInflater already has a Factory installed"
+ " so we can not install AppCompat's");
}
}
}
其实就是设置了一个Factory,我们看下设置的Factory的具体实现:
public final View createView(View parent, final String name, @NonNull Context context,
@NonNull AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext,
boolean readAndroidTheme, boolean readAppTheme, boolean wrapContext) {
final Context originalContext = context;
// We can emulate Lollipop's android:theme attribute propagating down the view hierarchy
// by using the parent's context
if (inheritContext && parent != null) {
context = parent.getContext();
}
if (readAndroidTheme || readAppTheme) {
// We then apply the theme on the context, if specified
context = themifyContext(context, attrs, readAndroidTheme, readAppTheme);
}
if (wrapContext) {
context = TintContextWrapper.wrap(context);
}
View view = null;
// We need to 'inject' our tint aware Views in place of the standard framework versions
switch (name) {
case "TextView":
view = new AppCompatTextView(context, attrs);
break;
case "ImageView":
view = new AppCompatImageView(context, attrs);
break;
case "Button":
view = new AppCompatButton(context, attrs);
break;
case "EditText":
view = new AppCompatEditText(context, attrs);
break;
case "Spinner":
view = new AppCompatSpinner(context, attrs);
break;
case "ImageButton":
view = new AppCompatImageButton(context, attrs);
break;
case "CheckBox":
view = new AppCompatCheckBox(context, attrs);
break;
case "RadioButton":
view = new AppCompatRadioButton(context, attrs);
break;
case "CheckedTextView":
view = new AppCompatCheckedTextView(context, attrs);
break;
case "AutoCompleteTextView":
view = new AppCompatAutoCompleteTextView(context, attrs);
break;
case "MultiAutoCompleteTextView":
view = new AppCompatMultiAutoCompleteTextView(context, attrs);
break;
case "RatingBar":
view = new AppCompatRatingBar(context, attrs);
break;
case "SeekBar":
view = new AppCompatSeekBar(context, attrs);
break;
}
if (view == null && originalContext != context) {
// If the original context does not equal our themed context, then we need to manually
// inflate it using the name so that android:theme takes effect.
view = createViewFromTag(context, name, attrs);
}
if (view != null) {
// If we have created a view, check it's android:onClick
checkOnClickListener(view, attrs);
}
return view;
}
从代码中可以一目了然的看出来,所有继承AppCompactActivity的Activity中都会将系统的 xxxView 替换为support library中的 AppCompatxxx,这就实现了新增功能与向下兼容。
LayoutInflater Factoty有一个限制,只能被设置一次。如果被多次设置会抛出异常
/**
* Attach a custom Factory interface for creating views while using
* this LayoutInflater. This must not be null, and can only be set once;
* after setting, you can not change the factory.
*
* @see LayoutInflater#setFactory(android.view.LayoutInflater.Factory)
*/
public static void setFactory(LayoutInflater inflater, LayoutInflaterFactory factory) {
IMPL.setFactory(inflater, factory);
}
这个限制就会导致一个问题,我们在继承AppCompactActivity后设置自己的Factory会导致AppCompactActivity的Factory无效,无法使用最新的特性,那该怎么办的呢?
有以下几种解决方案:
我们来分别介绍一下:
Activity其实已经实现了Factory接口,并把实现通过接口回调的方式交给用户自己去做了,所以我们只需重载onCreateView()
我们看AppCompatDelegate中的代码,会先调用Activity的OnCreateView,如果返回不为null则自己进行构建。
/**
* From {@link android.support.v4.view.LayoutInflaterFactory}
*/
@Override
public final View onCreateView(View parent, String name,
Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
// First let the Activity's Factory try and inflate the view
final View view = callActivityOnCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
if (view != null) {
return view;
}
// If the Factory didn't handle it, let our createView() method try
return createView(parent, name, context, attrs);
}
所以我们可以在Activity的onCreateView中进行“拦截”,Activity的代码就是重载onCreateView:
public class TestLayoutFactoryActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "TestLayoutFactoryActivi";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// 注意需在调用super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);之前设置
//LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory(getLayoutInflater(), new TestLayoutFactory());
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_test_layout_factory);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
if (TextUtils.equals("TextView", name)) {
return new GoTextView(context, attrs);
}
// return null 交给系统去构建view
return null;
}
}
layoutInflater提供api是cloneInContext(context);可以克隆一个layoutInflater
LayoutInflater newLayoutInlflater = getLayoutInflater().cloneInContext(context);
LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory(newLayoutInlflater,new TestLayoutFactory());
这种方式不是很方便,需要在使用中将默认的LayoutInflater替换为我们新的LayoutInflater,但是也是一种思路。
好在AppCompatDelegate的createView()是public的,所以我们可以先执行自己的逻辑再交给delegate去实现:
public class TestLayoutFactory implements LayoutInflaterFactory {
private AppCompatDelegate appCompatDelegate;
private static final String TAG = "TestLayoutFactory";
public TestLayoutFactory(AppCompatDelegate appCompatDelegate) {
this.appCompatDelegate = appCompatDelegate;
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
View result = null;
// 实现我们自己的逻辑
if (TextUtils.equals("TextView", name)) {
result = new GoTextView(context,attrs);
}
if (result == null) {
// 使用 AppCompat 获取view
result = appCompatDelegate.createView(parent, name, context, attrs);
}
return result;
}
}
LayoutInflater Factory这一特性很强大,能做的远不止上面那些事。比如大部分“一键换肤”都是使用了这一特性来实现的。
http://blog.bradcampbell.nz/layoutinflater-factories/
http://willowtreeapps.com/blog/app-development-how-to-get-the-right-layoutinflater/
http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/51503977