Canvas 进阶(一)二维码的生成与扫码识别

背景

前些日子当前端面试官,问了一个问题:“你了解过canvas吗?”

“这个我知道,我有做过DEMO,这个不难吧,看着它的api接口就能实现!”

看着他这么(蜜汁)自信,我决定深入了解(为难)一下他!

“电商中大转盘,九宫格,刮刮乐,如何使用canvas实现,讲讲你的思路?”

“二维码的生成和扫码识别如何实现?”

“图片的粒子爆炸效果呢?”

“......”


因此,打算写一系列关于 canvas 的文章,探索学习提升自己的同时顺便分享给大家。

二维码的生成

二维码的生成需借助第三方库,利用其算法对文本转化成二维码,并用 canvas 绘画出来。利用 canvas.toDataURL('image/png') 获取二维码转 base64 值,再将其赋值给 img 标签的 src 属性

这里我使用了一个库,qrcodejs.

可点击 《Demo》 查看效果

使用方法如下:




<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <title>Suporka Vue Apptitle>
    <style>
      .container {
        padding: 60px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        line-height: 50px;
      }
      input {
        display: inline-block;
        width: 200px;
        height: 32px;
        line-height: 1.5;
        padding: 4px 7px;
        font-size: 12px;
        border: 1px solid #dcdee2;
        border-radius: 4px;
        color: #515a6e;
        background-color: #fff;
        background-image: none;
        position: relative;
        cursor: text;
        transition: border 0.2s ease-in-out, background 0.2s ease-in-out,
          box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out;
      }
      button {
        color: #fff;
        background-color: #19be6b;
        border-color: #19be6b;
        outline: 0;
        vertical-align: middle;
        line-height: 1.5;
        display: inline-block;
        font-weight: 400;
        text-align: center;
        -ms-touch-action: manipulation;
        touch-action: manipulation;
        cursor: pointer;
        background-image: none;
        border: 1px solid transparent;
        white-space: nowrap;
        -webkit-user-select: none;
        -moz-user-select: none;
        -ms-user-select: none;
        user-select: none;
        padding: 5px 15px 6px;
        font-size: 12px;
        border-radius: 4px;
        transition: color 0.2s linear, background-color 0.2s linear,
          border 0.2s linear, box-shadow 0.2s linear;
      }
      #qrcode {
        margin-top: 20px;
      }
    style>
  head>
  <body>
    <div class="container">
      <input
        type="text"
        placeholder="请输入您想转化成二维码的字符串"
        id="input"
      />
      <button onclick="creatQRcode();">一键生成button>
      <div id="qrcode">div>
    div>
    <script src="https://zxpsuper.github.io/Demo/qrcode/qrcode-dev.js">script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      var qrcode = null;
      function creatQRcode() {
        document.getElementById("qrcode").innerHTML = "";
        qrcode = new QRCode(document.getElementById("qrcode"), {
          text: document.getElementById("input").value,
          width: 200,
          height: 200,
          colorDark: "#000000",
          colorLight: "#ffffff",
          correctLevel: QRCode.CorrectLevel.H
        });
      }
    script>
  body>
html>
复制代码

options

  • 首参为生成存放 img 标签的父元素
  • 第二个参数为 Object 类型的 options
属性 类型 说明
text String 目标文本
width Number 图片宽度
height Number 图片高度
colorDark String 二维码颜色
colorLight 默认QRCode.CorrectLevel.L 容错级别,可设置为:QRCode.CorrectLevel.L ,QRCode.CorrectLevel.M,QRCode.CorrectLevel.Q,QRCode.CorrectLevel.H

二维码扫码识别

这里利用了一个库 llqrcode.js, 使用 qrcode.decode() 对 id 为 qr-canvascanvas 进行解码.

先上 Demo 和 项目源码

我们需要做的就是,调用设备的摄像头(后置摄像头优先),获得的画面用 video 标签实时显示出来,再定时取画面生成 canvas ,调用 qrcode.decode() 解密。

// variable.js
var gCtx = null; //canvas.ctx
var gCanvas = null; // qr-canvas
// var c = 0;
var stype = 0; // 识别流程 0未开始 1进行中 2已结束
var gUM = false;
var webkit = false;
var moz = false;
var v = null; // 存放视频的变量
var scanCodeStart = false; // 开始扫码
var mediaStreamTrack = null; // mediaStreamTrack 实现关闭摄像头功能 mediaStreamTrack.stop()
var imghtml =
  '
' + '
drag and drop a QRCode here' + "
or select a file"
+ '' + "
"
+ "
"
; var vidhtml = ''; 复制代码
// methods.js

function qrcodeScanLoad(width, height) {
  if (isCanvasSupported() && window.File && window.FileReader) {
    initCanvas(width, height);
    qrcode.callback = scanCodeCallback;
    document.getElementById("mainbody").style.display = "inline";
    setwebcam();
  } else {
    document.getElementById("mainbody").style.display = "inline";
    document.getElementById("mainbody").innerHTML =
      '

QR code scanner for HTML5 capable browsers


'
+ '

sorry your browser is not supported



'
; } } // 绘制遮罩层canvas function setMask() { var canvas = document.querySelector("#scancode-mask"); canvas.width = document.body.clientWidth > 1024 ? 1024 : document.body.clientWidth; canvas.height = document.body.clientWidth > 1024 ? 1136 : document.body.clientHeight; var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"); ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-out"; ctx.beginPath(); let x1, y1, width = canvas.width * 0.6; x1 = (canvas.width - width) / 2; y1 = (canvas.height - width) / 2; ctx.fillRect(x1, y1, width, width); ctx.fill(); ctx.save(); ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over"; // 第二象限点 ctx.moveTo(x1, y1 + 2); ctx.lineTo(x1 + 20, y1 + 2); ctx.moveTo(x1 + 2, y1); ctx.lineTo(x1 + 2, y1 + 20); // 第一象限点 ctx.moveTo(x1 + width - 20, y1 + 2); ctx.lineTo(x1 + width, y1 + 2); ctx.moveTo(x1 + width - 2, y1 + 1); ctx.lineTo(x1 + width - 2, y1 + 20); // 第四象限点 ctx.moveTo(x1 + width - 20, y1 + width - 2); ctx.lineTo(x1 + width, y1 + width - 2); ctx.moveTo(x1 + width - 2, y1 + width - 1); ctx.lineTo(x1 + width - 2, y1 + width - 20); // 第三象限点 ctx.moveTo(x1 + 20, y1 + width - 2); ctx.lineTo(x1, y1 + width - 2); ctx.moveTo(x1 + 2, y1 + width - 2); ctx.lineTo(x1 + 2, y1 + width - 20); ctx.lineWidth = 4; ctx.strokeStyle = "green"; ctx.stroke(); } function setwebcam() { var options = true; if (navigator.mediaDevices && navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices) { try { navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices().then(function(devices) { let video = []; devices.forEach(function(device) { if (device.kind === "videoinput") { video.push(device); } }); // 调用设备的摄像头,video[1] 为后置摄像头,或者label含有‘back’为后置摄像头 if (video.length >= 2) { options = { deviceId: { exact: video[1].deviceId }, facingMode: { exact: "environment" } }; } video.forEach(item => { if (item.label.toLowerCase().search("back") > -1) options = { deviceId: { exact: device.deviceId }, facingMode: { exact: "environment" } }; }); scanCodeStart = true; setwebcam2(options); }); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } } else { console.log("no navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices"); setwebcam2(options); } } function setwebcam2(options) { if (stype == 1) { setTimeout(captureToCanvas, 500); return; } var n = navigator; document.getElementById("outdiv").innerHTML = vidhtml; v = document.getElementById("v"); try { if (n.mediaDevices && n.mediaDevices.getUserMedia) { n.mediaDevices .getUserMedia({ video: options, audio: false }) .then(function(stream) { success(stream); }) .catch(function(error) { error(error); }); } else if (n.getUserMedia) { webkit = true; n.getUserMedia({ video: options, audio: false }, success, error); } else if (n.webkitGetUserMedia) { webkit = true; n.webkitGetUserMedia({ video: options, audio: false }, success, error); } } catch (err) { console.log(err); } stype = 1; if (getSystem() === "ios") { alert("您的設備暫不支持實時掃碼,請上傳圖片識別!"); return; } if ( (n.mediaDevices && n.mediaDevices.getUserMedia) || n.getUserMedia || n.webkitGetUserMedia ) setTimeout(captureToCanvas, 500); else { alert("您的設備暫不支持實時掃碼,請上傳圖片識別!"); } } // 获取操作系统 function getSystem() { var u = navigator.userAgent; var isAndroid = u.indexOf("Android") > -1 || u.indexOf("Linux") > -1; //g var isIOS = !!u.match(/\(i[^;]+;( U;)? CPU.+Mac OS X/); //ios终端 if (isAndroid) { //这个是安卓操作系统 return "android"; } else if (isIOS) { //这个是ios操作系统 return "ios"; } else { return "other"; } } // 选择图片上传 function setimg($event) { qrcode.callback = scanCodeCallback; $event && $event.preventDefault(); stype = 2; let file = document.getElementById("upload-img"); file.click(); } // 上传成功的回调 function scanCodeCallback(a) { var html = htmlEntities(a); stype = 0; alert(html); } // 处理上传文件识别 function handleFiles(f) { var o = []; for (var i = 0; i < f.length; i++) { var reader = new FileReader(); reader.onload = (function(theFile) { return function(e) { gCtx.clearRect(0, 0, gCanvas.width, gCanvas.height); qrcode.decode(e.target.result); }; })(f[i]); reader.readAsDataURL(f[i]); } } function initCanvas(w, h) { gCanvas = document.getElementById("qr-canvas"); gCanvas.style.width = w + "px"; gCanvas.style.height = h + "px"; gCanvas.width = w; gCanvas.height = h; gCtx = gCanvas.getContext("2d"); gCtx.clearRect(0, 0, w, h); } // 画面转 canvas function captureToCanvas() { if (stype != 1) return; if (gUM && scanCodeStart) { try { gCtx.drawImage(v, 0, 0); try { qrcode.decode(); // 默认为id=qr-canvas的canvas转成图片的base64 } catch (e) { console.log(e); setTimeout(captureToCanvas, 500); } } catch (e) { console.log(e); setTimeout(captureToCanvas, 500); } } } // 对特殊符号进行处理 function htmlEntities(str) { return String(str) .replace(/&/g, "&") .replace(/, "<") .replace(/>/g, ">") .replace(/"/g, """); } // 判断是否支持canvas function isCanvasSupported() { var elem = document.createElement("canvas"); return !!(elem.getContext && elem.getContext("2d")); } function success(stream) { // mediaStreamTrack 实现关闭摄像头功能 if (stream) mediaStreamTrack = typeof stream.stop === "function" ? stream : stream.getTracks()[0]; v.srcObject = stream; if (scanCodeStart) { v.play(); gUM = true; setTimeout(captureToCanvas, 500); } else { } } function error(error) { gUM = false; return; } 复制代码

其中 setMask 为绘制遮罩层方法,qrcodeScanLoad 为初始化加载方法。


<body>
    <div class="body">
      <div id="mainbody" style="display: inline;">
        <div id="outdiv" autoplay muted>div>
      div>
      <canvas id="qr-canvas" width="800" height="600">canvas>
      <canvas id="scancode-mask">canvas>
      <div class="scancode-tips-group" id="scancode-tips-group">
        <span class="tips">將QR Code 放入框内,即可自動掃描span>
        <div class="upload-my-code" onClick="setimg()">我的QR Codediv>
      div>

      <div id="img-upload-container" style="display: none">
        <div id="qrfile">
          <canvas id="out-canvas" width="320" height="240">canvas>
          <div id="imghelp">
            drag and drop a QRCode here
            <br />or select a file
            <input
              type="file"
              onchange="handleFiles(this.files)"
              id="upload-img"
            />
          div>
        div>
      div>
    div>
    <script src="./llqrcode.js">script>
    <script src="./variable.js">script>
    <script src="./methods.js">script>
    <script>
      qrcodeScanLoad(320, 400);
      setMask();
      // 对我的 QR Code 进行定位显示
      if (document.body.clientWidth < 1025) {
        document.getElementById("scancode-tips-group").style.top =
          (document.body.clientHeight - document.body.clientWidth) / 2 +
          document.body.clientWidth * 0.9 -
          10 +
          "px";
      } else {
        document.getElementById("scancode-tips-group").style.top = "720px";
      }
    script>
  body>
复制代码

这里做了适配,当超过 1024 时,canvas 宽度就设为 1024。详细在代码中已经做了注释。

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转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5d00b3626fb9a07ed74076a9

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