IOS开发天气预报

使用的WebService是http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx

其中的getWeatherByCityName函数

 

常使用的技术有：SOAP，HTTP GET， HTTP POST三种方式

 

(一) SOAP（简单对象访问协议）方式

 

当你使用SOAP时，必须用到POST方式

 

(1) SOAP 1.1

以下是请求实例：

POST /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: www.webxml.com.cn
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
SOAPAction: "http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName"
 


  
   
      string
    
  

 请求方法：

- (void) soap1_1
{
    NSString *province=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"上海"];
    //设置soap请求信息
    NSString *soapString=[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@""
                          ""
                          ""
                          ""
                          "%@"
                          ""
                          ""
                          "",province];
    
    NSLog(@"%@",soapString);
    //soap请求地址
    NSURL *url=[[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx"];
    //请求
    NSMutableURLRequest *request=[NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
    //设置请求头部
    ////设置ContentType
    [request addValue:@"text/xml; charset=utf-8" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
    ////设置SOAPAction
    [request addValue:@"http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName" forHTTPHeaderField:@"SOAPAction"];
    //设置Content-length
    [request addValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",[soapString length]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
    //设置请求类型 POST或GET
    [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
    //设置请求Body（只有post方式有）
    [request setHTTPBody:[soapString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    //连接
    NSURLConnection *connection=[NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
    
    if (connection) {
        webData=[NSMutableData data];
    }
}

 

(2) SOAP 1.2（除了soap不一样外，其他都一样）

以下是请求实例：

POST /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: www.webxml.com.cn
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
 


  
    
     string
    
  

 请求方法：

- (void) soap1_2
{
    NSString *province=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"上海"];
    //设置soap请求信息
    NSString *soapString=[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@""
                          ""
                          ""
                          ""
                          "%@"
                          "％@"
                          ""
                          ""
                          "",province];
    
    
    NSLog(@"%@",soapString);
    //soap请求地址
    NSURL *url=[[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx"];
    //请求
    NSMutableURLRequest *request=[NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
    //设置请求头部
    ////设置ContentType
    [request addValue:@"text/xml; charset=utf-8" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
    ////设置SOAPAction
    [request addValue:@"http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName" forHTTPHeaderField:@"SOAPAction"];
    //设置Content-length
    [request addValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",[soapString length]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
    //设置请求类型 POST或GET
    [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
    //设置请求Body（只有post方式有）
    [request setHTTPBody:[soapString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    //连接
    NSURLConnection *connection=[NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
    
    if (connection) {
        webData=[NSMutableData data];
    }
}

 其实和soap1.1除了soap不一样 ，几乎全一样

 

(二) HTTP POST方式

请求实例：

POST /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName HTTP/1.1
Host: www.webxml.com.cn
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: length

theCityName=string

 方法：

- (void) httpPost
{
    NSString *postString=@"theCityName=上海";
    //此处的URL是POST /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName 见上！
    NSURL *url=[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName"];
    
    NSMutableURLRequest *request=[NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
    
    [request addValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];//注意是中划线
    [request addValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",[postString length]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
    [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
    [request setHTTPBody:[postString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    
    NSURLConnection *connection=[NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
    
    if (connection) {
        webData=[NSMutableData data];
    }
}

 

 

以上三种任选一种都可以。下面开始写余下的程序代码了。

 

——————ViewController文件——————

#import 

@interface WebServiceViewController : UIViewController
{
    NSMutableData *webData;
    NSMutableArray *parserObjects;
}

@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableData *webData;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *m_strCurrentElement;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableString *tempString;

@end

 

——————NSURLConnectionDelegate,NSURLConnectionDataDelegate实现方法——————

//接收相应的时候触发
-(void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response{
    [webData setLength:0];
}
//接收数据的时候触发
-(void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data{
    [webData appendData:data];
}
//全部完成时触发
-(void) connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection{
    NSString *dataString=[[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:[webData bytes] length:[webData length] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSLog(@"%@",dataString);
    
    //XML解析
    NSXMLParser *xmlParser=[[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:webData];
    [xmlParser setDelegate:self];
    [xmlParser setShouldResolveExternalEntities:YES];
    [xmlParser parse];
}
//发生异常触发
-(void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
    NSLog(@"Error:%@",error);
}

 

现在就应该能看到打印出来的返回数据了，我查了一些资料没找到webserive的解析，我只能用xml解析。

正好我可以学习一下xml的解析：

添加协议NSXMLParserDelegate

 

然后在

-(void) connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection

 方法里添加下面代码：

//XML解析
NSXMLParser *xmlParser=[[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:webData];
[xmlParser setDelegate:self];
[xmlParser setShouldResolveExternalEntities:YES];
[xmlParser parse];

—————— NSXMLParserDelegate实现方法—————— 

//开始时触发
- (void)parserDidStartDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser {
    parserObjects = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];  //每一组信息都用数组来存，最后得到的数据即在此数组中
}

//解析xml标签对，开始时触发
- (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qualifiedName attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict {

    NSLog(@">>>%@",elementName);
    
    if ([elementName isEqualToString:@"ArrayOfString"]) {  //开始解析ArrayOfString节点
        
        NSLog(@"开始");
        
    }else {   //开始解析子节点
        if ([elementName isEqualToString:@"string"]) {
            self.m_strCurrentElement = @"string";
            self.tempString = [NSMutableString string];
        }
    }
}

//找到标签时
- (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string {
    NSLog(@"found %@",self.m_strCurrentElement);
    //填充string
    if (self.m_strCurrentElement) {
        [self.tempString appendString:string];
        NSLog(@"found is %@",string);
    }
}

//解析xml标签对，结束时触发
- (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName {
     NSLog(@"end %@",self.m_strCurrentElement);
    //填充
    if (self.m_strCurrentElement) {
        [parserObjects addObject:self.tempString];
        self.m_strCurrentElement = nil;
        self.tempString = nil;
    }
    
    //结束解析ArrayOfString节点
    if ([elementName isEqualToString:@"ArrayOfString"]) {
        NSLog(@"结束");
    }
    
}

//结束时触发
- (void)parserDidEndDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser {
    
    //由于标签对的名字都是一样的，只能这样获得
    //天气图片
    NSString *weatherImageName = [parserObjects objectAtIndex:8];
    //今日天气实况
    NSString *temperature = [parserObjects objectAtIndex:10];

    NSString *imageName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"a_%@",weatherImageName];
    [self gifImageView:imageName];
    
    [self.wendu setText:[self segmentation:temperature]];
    
}

 

由于今日天气实况的格式是：

今日天气实况：气温：26℃；风向/风力：北风 1级；湿度：78%；空气质量：良；紫外线强度：弱

有时只需要气温，这样我们就要分割这个字符串，分割这个字符串有两种方法：分段，正则表达式。

1.分段

#pragma 分割
- (NSString *)segmentation:(NSString *)segmentationString
{
    //今日天气实况：气温：26℃；风向/风力：北风 1级；湿度：78%；空气质量：良；紫外线强度：弱
    //取出 ————> 26℃
    NSArray *segmentationArray1 = [segmentationString componentsSeparatedByString:@"；"];
    NSString *segmentationString1 = [segmentationArray1 objectAtIndex:0];
    
    //今日天气实况：气温：26℃；
    NSArray *segmentationArray2 = [segmentationString1 componentsSeparatedByString:@"："];
    NSString *segmentationResult = [segmentationArray2 objectAtIndex:2];
    
    NSLog(@"segmentation : %@",segmentationResult);
    return segmentationResult;
}

2.正则表达式

#pragma 正则表达式
- (void)regular:(NSString *)regularString
{
    //今日天气实况：气温：26℃；风向/风力：北风 1级；湿度：78%；空气质量：良；紫外线强度：弱
    //取出 ————> 26℃
    NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"[0-9]*℃" options:0 error:nil];
    
    //系统通过自有类NSRegularExpression和NSTextCheckingResult来实现正则表达式的创建和筛选
    if (regex != nil) {
        NSTextCheckingResult *firstMatch = [regex firstMatchInString:regularString options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [regularString length])];
        
        if (firstMatch) {
            NSRange resultRange = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];
            //从regularString中截取数据
            NSString *result = [regularString substringWithRange:resultRange];
            NSLog(@"regular %@",result);
        }
    }
}

这样就可以只显示气温了。

 

有时候气温图片需要gif图  

显示gif图的方法：

-(void)gifImageView:(NSString *)imageName
{
    NSLog(@"%@",imageName);
    // 设定位置和大小
    CGRect frame = CGRectMake(50,50,0,0);
    frame.size = [UIImage imageNamed:imageName].size;
    
    NSArray *imageArray = [imageName componentsSeparatedByString:@"."];
    
    // 读取gif图片数据
    NSData *gif = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile: [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:[imageArray objectAtIndex:0] ofType:[imageArray objectAtIndex:1]]];
    
    // view生成
    UIWebView *webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:frame];
    webView.userInteractionEnabled = NO;//用户不可交互
    [webView loadData:gif MIMEType:@"image/gif" textEncodingName:nil baseURL:nil];
    [self.view addSubview:webView];
}

这样就完成了，

这个demo主要就是练习。。有不对或者更好的方法，欢迎一起讨论。谢谢了。。。

源码看附件吧。。。