docker系列一MySQL5.6镜像使用&挂载本地数据库文件
下载原始的MySQL5.6镜像：
docker pull mysql:5.6
查看镜像：
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.6 9e4a20b3bbbc 7 days ago 302MB
启动MySQL镜像的实例
docker run -itd --name my_sql_test mysql:5.6 /bin/bash
进入实例：
[root@VM_1_202_centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e92cd8ad1356 mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 3306/tcp my_sql_test
[root@VM_1_202_centos ~]#
[root@VM_1_202_centos ~]# docker attach e92cd8ad1356
启动MySQL：
root@e92cd8ad1356:/# service mysql status
[info] MySQL Community Server 5.6.48 is not running.
root@e92cd8ad1356:/# service mysql start
......
2020-05-28 07:38:54 144 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2020-05-28 07:38:54 144 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2020-05-28 07:38:54 144 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.48 started; log sequence number 1625977
2020-05-28 07:38:54 144 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2020-05-28 07:38:54 144 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2020-05-28 07:38:54 144 [Note] Binlog end
2020-05-28 07:38:54 144 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2020-05-28 07:38:54 144 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2020-05-28 07:38:56 144 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987
No directory, logging in with HOME=/
..
[info] MySQL Community Server 5.6.48 is started.
使用MySQL:
root@e92cd8ad1356:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 【这里什么都不输入，直接回车】
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.48 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
设置MySQL密码：
set password for root@localhost = password('123456');
下次登录就需要输入你设置的密码：123456 了。
然后对你的MySQL做一些导入表和数据等初始化操作。
制作自己的MySQL镜像：
root@e92cd8ad1356:/# apt-get update
root@e92cd8ad1356:/# exit
[root@VM_1_202_centos ~]# docker commit -m="提交说明文案" -a="作者" e92cd8ad1356【容器id】 image_name:tag
然后使用你制作的镜像创建容器，你会发现容器里面根本没有你对数据库做的相关操作，数据库依然是最初的空库。
原因见以下链接:
https://www.jianshu.com/p/530d00f97cbf
挂载本地数据文件
原因：mysql镜像创建的容器再次制作镜像之后，数据库里面的数据就会丢失，为了使得数据和配置不丢失，需要把数据固化。
准备数据库文件
0、进入数据库，开启数据库的远程登录权限
use mysql;
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; #这一步可能会报错，但是没关系
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
1、导出容器的初始数据库（空的）文件到宿主机器
docker cp container_name:/var/lib/mysql /var/own/mysqldata
2、修改文件的共享权限
chmod 777 -R /var/own/mysqldata
使用本地数据库文件
1、重新启动新的容器时把数据库文件挂载到本地文件：
docker run -itd -v /var/own/mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql --name mysqlnew mysql:5.6 /bin/bash
2、进入容器，免验证的模式启动mysql，防止权限问题
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &