符号解用dsolve函数
例 求微分方程 y′′+4y′+4y=e−2x
dsolve('D2y+4*Dy+4*y=exp(-2*x)')
结果
ans =
1/(4*exp(2*x)) + C5/exp(2*t) + (C6*t)/exp(2*t)
例 求解微分方程 x2y′+xy=y2,y(1)=1 的特解
dsolve('x^2*Dy+x*y=y^2','y(1)=1')
结果
ans =
-(x*(tan(-(x*((- 1 + 2*x*atan((2*i)/x - i)*i)/x^2 + t/x^2)*i)/2) + i)*i)/2
数值解用龙格库塔方法
函数
[X,Y]=ode23(′f′,[x0,xn],y0)
[X,Y]=ode45(′f′,[x0,xn],y0)
f是函数, y0 是初值, [x0,xn] 是区间
ode23是二阶三阶龙格库塔方法,ode45是四阶五阶龙格库塔方法
例 求微分方程
function f=f(x,y)
f=-3.*y+2.*x;
end
输入命令
[X,Y]=ode45('f',[1 3],1);
X',Y'
结果
ans =
Columns 1 through 8
1.0000 1.0500 1.1000 1.1500 1.2000 1.2500 1.3000 1.3500
Columns 9 through 16
1.4000 1.4500 1.5000 1.5500 1.6000 1.6500 1.7000 1.7500
Columns 17 through 24
1.8000 1.8500 1.9000 1.9500 2.0000 2.0500 2.1000 2.1500
Columns 25 through 32
2.2000 2.2500 2.3000 2.3500 2.4000 2.4500 2.5000 2.5500
Columns 33 through 40
2.6000 2.6500 2.7000 2.7500 2.8000 2.8500 2.9000 2.9500
Column 41
3.0000
ans =
Columns 1 through 8
1.0000 0.9559 0.9226 0.8987 0.8827 0.8735 0.8703 0.8722
Columns 9 through 16
0.8785 0.8885 0.9017 0.9178 0.9363 0.9568 0.9791 1.0030
Columns 17 through 24
1.0282 1.0545 1.0818 1.1099 1.1388 1.1683 1.1983 1.2287
Columns 25 through 32
1.2596 1.2908 1.3224 1.3541 1.3861 1.4183 1.4506 1.4831
Columns 33 through 40
1.5157 1.5484 1.5812 1.6140 1.6470 1.6799 1.7130 1.7460
Column 41
1.7792
例 求微分方程
function f=f(x,y)
f=-y./5+1/5;
end
输入命令
[X,Y]=ode45('f',[1 3],2);
X',Y'
结果
ans =
Columns 1 through 8
1.0000 1.0500 1.1000 1.1500 1.2000 1.2500 1.3000 1.3500
Columns 9 through 16
1.4000 1.4500 1.5000 1.5500 1.6000 1.6500 1.7000 1.7500
Columns 17 through 24
1.8000 1.8500 1.9000 1.9500 2.0000 2.0500 2.1000 2.1500
Columns 25 through 32
2.2000 2.2500 2.3000 2.3500 2.4000 2.4500 2.5000 2.5500
Columns 33 through 40
2.6000 2.6500 2.7000 2.7500 2.8000 2.8500 2.9000 2.9500
Column 41
3.0000
ans =
Columns 1 through 8
2.0000 1.9900 1.9802 1.9704 1.9608 1.9512 1.9418 1.9324
Columns 9 through 16
1.9231 1.9139 1.9048 1.8958 1.8869 1.8781 1.8694 1.8607
Columns 17 through 24
1.8521 1.8437 1.8353 1.8270 1.8187 1.8106 1.8025 1.7945
Columns 25 through 32
1.7866 1.7788 1.7711 1.7634 1.7558 1.7483 1.7408 1.7334
Columns 33 through 40
1.7261 1.7189 1.7118 1.7047 1.6977 1.6907 1.6839 1.6771
Column 41
1.6703