spring前后端生成简单Excel表格
综述
在页面生成Excel表格是一种常见的功能，所以今天来讨论一下利用在前端直接生成excel表格和使用java代码生成excel两种方式。
前端生成Excel
在这里我使用的是sheetjs这个插件（同时也推荐一下exceljs）。github地址是:https://github.com/SheetJS/js-xlsx。demo的地址是:https://sheetjs.com/demos/table.html。这里提一下，这个插件主要是用在前后端分离开发中，在JSP页面中的功能使用不是特别好。exceljs其实也适合前后端分离开发，项目中的开发文档也是用前后端分离开发，exceljs的说明文档比sheetjs的说明文档要详细一些。简单的功能使用如下所示:
$(".toExcel").on("click",function(){ toExcel(pageData,"result.xlsx"); }); $("#rankToExcel").on("click",function () { toExcel(rankData,"inviteRank.xlsx"); }) function toExcel(data,filename) { var filename =filename; var data = data; var ws_name = "SheetJS"; var wb = XLSX.utils.book_new(), ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(data); /* add worksheet to workbook */ XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, ws_name); /* write workbook */ XLSX.writeFile(wb, filename); }其中的pageData和rankData是通过ajax异步请求得到的。是一个数组。通过这几行代码就可以得到Excel表格，复杂功能可以自己看文档。在这里个人感觉exceljs使用起来比较方便。
springmvc生成Excel
这个的思路是首先获取数据，然后通过HSSFWorkBook或者是SXSSFWorkBook生成表格，然后通过HTTPServletResponse对象通过流的方式生成Excel。HSSFWorkBook和SXSSFWorkBook两者的区别就是前者最多只能插入65535条数据，后者没有限制。代码编写如下：
1.在maven中引入依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poigroupId> <artifactId>poiartifactId> <version>3.9version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poigroupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxmlartifactId> <version>3.9version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poigroupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemasartifactId> <version>3.9version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.xmlbeansgroupId> <artifactId>xmlbeansartifactId> <version>2.4.0version> dependency>
2.编写的excel工具类：
public class ExcelUtil { //excel默认宽度； private static int width = 256 * 14; //默认字体 private static String excelfont = "微软雅黑"; //默认文件名 private static String DefaultExcelName = "result"; //默认表格名字 private static String DefaultSheetName = "journaling"; /** * 数据集合为List的导出Excel * * @param excelName * @param sheetName * @param ds_titles * @param ds_format * @param widths * @param data * @param request * @param response * @throws IOException */ public static void exportHSSFWorkbook(String excelName, String sheetName, String[] ds_titles, int[] ds_format, int[] widths, List<List<Object>> data, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { //设置表头样式 if (ds_titles.length < 0) { return; } if (data.size() <= 0) { return; } HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(StringUtils.isNotBlank(sheetName) ? sheetName : DefaultSheetName); //设置表格头部 HSSFRow titleRow = sheet.createRow(0); HSSFCellStyle titleCellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle(); HSSFFont titleFont = workbook.createFont(); titleFont.setFontName("宋体"); titleFont.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); titleFont.setColor(Font.COLOR_RED); titleCellStyle.setFont(titleFont); titleCellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); for (int i = 0; i < ds_titles.length; i++) { HSSFCell cell=titleRow.createCell(i); cell.setCellStyle(titleCellStyle); cell.setCellValue(ds_titles[i]); } //设置表格内容样式 HSSFCellStyle contentCellStyle=workbook.createCellStyle(); HSSFFont contentFont = workbook.createFont(); contentFont.setFontName("楷体"); contentFont.setColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index); contentCellStyle.setFont(contentFont); contentCellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); for (int i=0;i<data.size();i++){ Row row = sheet.createRow(i + 1); List<Object> consumeData = data.get(i); for (int j=0;j<ds_titles.length;j++){ Cell cell=row.createCell(j); cell.setCellStyle(contentCellStyle); cell.setCellValue(String.valueOf(consumeData.get(j))); } } String filename=(StringUtils.isNotBlank(excelName)?excelName:DefaultExcelName)+".xls"; try { ExcelUtil.encodeChineseDownloadFileName(request,filename); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } response.setHeader("Content-disposition", filename); response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+filename); response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache"); ServletOutputStream outputStream=null; try { outputStream = response.getOutputStream(); workbook.write(outputStream); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally { outputStream.close(); } } /** * @param excelName 导出的EXCEL名字 * @param sheetName 导出的SHEET名字 当前sheet数目只为1 * @param headers 导出的表格的表头 * @param ds_titles 导出的数据 map.get(key) 对应的 key * @param ds_format 导出数据的样式 * 1:String left; * 2:String center * 3:String right * 4 int right * 5:float ###,###.## right * 6:number: #.00% 百分比 right * @param widths 表格的列宽度 默认为 256*14 * @param data 数据集 List * @param response * @throws IOException */ public static void exportHSSFWorkbook(String excelName, String sheetName, String[] headers, String[] ds_titles, int[] ds_format, int[] widths, List<Map<String, Object>> data, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { HttpSession session = request.getSession(); session.setAttribute("state", null); if (widths == null) { widths = new int[ds_titles.length]; for (int i = 0; i < ds_titles.length; i++) { widths[i] = width; } } if (ds_format == null) { ds_format = new int[ds_titles.length]; for (int i = 0; i < ds_titles.length; i++) { ds_format[i] = 1; } } //设置文件名 String fileName = ""; if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(excelName)) { fileName = excelName; } //创建一个工作薄 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); //创建一个sheet HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(sheetName) ? sheetName : "excel"); //创建表头，如果没有跳过 int headerrow = 0; if (headers != null) { HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(headerrow); //表头样式 HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); HSSFFont font = wb.createFont(); font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); font.setFontName(excelfont); font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11); style.setFont(font); style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) { sheet.setColumnWidth((short) i, (short) widths[i]); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellValue(headers[i]); cell.setCellStyle(style); } headerrow++; } //表格主体 解析list if (data != null) { List styleList = new ArrayList(); for (int i = 0; i < ds_titles.length; i++) { //列数 HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); HSSFFont font = wb.createFont(); font.setFontName(excelfont); font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10); style.setFont(font); style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); if (ds_format[i] == 1) { style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT); } else if (ds_format[i] == 2) { style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); } else if (ds_format[i] == 3) { style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT); //int类型 } else if (ds_format[i] == 4) { style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT); //int类型 style.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("0")); } else if (ds_format[i] == 5) { //float类型 style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT); style.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("#,##0.00")); } else if (ds_format[i] == 6) { //百分比类型 style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT); style.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("0.00%")); } styleList.add(style); } for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) { //行数 HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(headerrow); Map map = data.get(i); for (int j = 0; j < ds_titles.length; j++) { //列数 HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(j); Object o = map.get(ds_titles[j]); if (o == null || "".equals(o)) { cell.setCellValue(""); } else if (ds_format[j] == 4) { //int cell.setCellValue((Long.valueOf((map.get(ds_titles[j])) + "")).longValue()); } else if (ds_format[j] == 5 || ds_format[j] == 6) { //float cell.setCellValue((Double.valueOf((map.get(ds_titles[j])) + "")).doubleValue()); } else { cell.setCellValue(map.get(ds_titles[j]) + ""); } cell.setCellStyle((HSSFCellStyle) styleList.get(j)); } headerrow++; } } fileName = fileName + ".xls"; String filename = ""; try { filename = encodeChineseDownloadFileName(request, fileName); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } response.setHeader("Content-disposition", filename); response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename); response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache"); OutputStream ouputStream = response.getOutputStream(); wb.write(ouputStream); ouputStream.flush(); ouputStream.close(); session.setAttribute("state", "open"); } public static String encodeChineseDownloadFileName( HttpServletRequest request, String pFileName) throws Exception { String filename = null; String agent = request.getHeader("USER-AGENT"); if (null != agent) { if (-1 != agent.indexOf("Firefox")) {//Firefox filename = "=?UTF-8?B?" + (new String(org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64(pFileName.getBytes("UTF-8")))) + "?="; } else if (-1 != agent.indexOf("Chrome")) {//Chrome filename = new String(pFileName.getBytes(), "ISO8859-1"); } else {//IE7+ filename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(pFileName, "UTF-8"); filename = filename.replace("+", "%20"); } } else { filename = pFileName; } return filename; } }
3.在Controller类中：
@RequestMapping(value = "/my.action") public void mydownload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { List<Consume> list=consumeService.getConsumeList(100,0); List<List<Object>> data= new ArrayList<>(); String[] title={ "消费ID", "消费创建时间", "用户ID", "消费金额", "消费外卖", "是否被评论过" }; for(Consume consume: list){ List<Object> objectList=new ArrayList<>(); objectList.add(consume.getConsumeId()); objectList.add(consume.getConsumeCreateTime()); objectList.add(consume.getUserId()); objectList.add(consume.getConsumeMoney()); objectList.add(consume.getConsumeFood()); objectList.add(consume.getIsDiscuss()); data.add(objectList); } ExcelUtil.exportHSSFWorkbook("result","bobo",title,null,null,data,request,response); }
绑定事件如下:
/** * 绑定点击事件 */ $("#button2").on("click",function () { window.location.href= "/excel/my.action"; })
页面如下所示：
