linux进程管理杂记（1）
进程命令
pstree
CentOS7显示进程树
[root@CentOS7 tmp]# pstree
systemd─┬─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient
│ └─2*[{NetworkManager}]
├─abrt-watch-log
├─abrtd
├─atd
├─auditd───{auditd}
├─crond
├─dbus-daemon───{dbus-daemon}
├─dhclient
├─firewalld───{firewalld}
├─login───bash
├─lsmd
├─lvmetad
├─master─┬─pickup
│ └─qmgr
├─polkitd───5*[{polkitd}]
├─rsyslogd───2*[{rsyslogd}]
├─smartd
├─sshd─┬─sshd───bash───pstree
│ └─sshd───bash───man───less
├─systemd-journal
├─systemd-logind
├─systemd-udevd
├─tuned───4*[{tuned}]
└─wpa_supplicantCentOS7显示进程树
[root@zz ~]# pstree
init─┬─abrtd
├─acpid
├─atd
├─auditd───{auditd}
├─automount───4*[{automount}]
├─certmonger
├─console-kit-dae───63*[{console-kit-da}]
├─crond
├─cupsd
├─dbus-daemon
├─dhclient
├─hald─┬─hald-runner─┬─hald-addon-acpi
│ │ ├─hald-addon-inpu
│ │ └─hald-addon-rfki
│ └─{hald}
├─httpd───8*[httpd]
├─login───bash
├─master─┬─pickup
│ └─qmgr
├─mcelog
├─5*[mingetty]
├─mysqld_safe───mysqld───9*[{mysqld}]
├─rpc.statd
├─rpcbind
├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
├─sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
├─udevd───2*[udevd]
└─vsftpdps
显示与终端有关的进程
[root@zz ~]# ps a
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1915 tty2 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty2
1917 tty3 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty3
1920 tty4 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty4
1926 tty5 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty5
1935 tty6 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty6
2017 tty1 Ss+ 0:01 -bash
15342 pts/0 Ss 0:00 -bash
15474 pts/0 R+ 0:00 ps a显示与终端无关的进程
[root@zz ~]# ps x
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:18 /sbin/init
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
4 ? S 1:40 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 [stopper/0]
6 ? S 0:34 [watchdog/0]
7 ? S 10:59 [events/0]
8 ? S 0:00 [events/0]
9 ? S 0:00 [events_long/0]
10 ? S 0:00 [events_power_ef]
11 ? S 0:00 [cgroup]
12 ? S 0:00 [khelper]
13 ? S 0:00 [netns]
14 ? S 0:00 [async/mgr]
15 ? S 0:00 [pm]
16 ? S 0:10 [sync_supers]
17 ? S 0:13 [bdi-default]
18 ? S 0:00 [kintegrityd/0]
19 ? S 0:16 [kblockd/0]
20 ? S 0:00 [kacpid]
21 ? S 0:00 [kacpi_notify]
22 ? S 0:00 [kacpi_hotplug]
23 ? S 0:00 [ata_aux]
24 ? S 0:00 [ata_sff/0]
25 ? S 0:00 [ksuspend_usbd]
26 ? S 0:07 [khubd]
27 ? S 0:00 [kseriod]
28 ? S 0:00 [md/0]
29 ? S 0:00 [md_misc/0]
30 ? S 0:00 [linkwatch]
33 ? S 0:01 [khungtaskd]
34 ? S 0:17 [kswapd0]
35 ? SN 0:00 [ksmd]
36 ? S 0:00 [aio/0]
37 ? S 0:00 [crypto/0]
44 ? S 0:00 [kthrotld/0]
45 ? S 0:00 [pciehpd]
47 ? S 0:00 [kpsmoused]
48 ? S 0:00 [usbhid_resumer]
49 ? S 0:00 [deferwq]
81 ? S 0:00 [kdmremove]
82 ? S 0:00 [kstriped]
113 ? S 0:00 [ttm_swap]
242 ? S 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
246 ? S 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
266 ? S 1:08 [mpt_poll_0]
267 ? S 0:00 [mpt/0]
268 ? S 0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
363 ? S 0:12 [flush-8:0]
416 ? S 0:02 [jbd2/sda5-8]
417 ? S 0:00 [ext4-dio-unwrit]
509 ? S以用户为中心显示所有进程
[root@zz ~]# ps aux显示完整格式的所有进程
[root@zz ~]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Jun15 ? 00:00:18 /sbin/init
root 2 0 0 Jun15 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 2 0 Jun15 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 4 2 0 Jun15 ? 00:01:41 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 2 0 Jun15 ? 00:00:00 [stopper/0]显示所有任务格式的进程
[root@zz ~]# ps -ej
PID PGID SID TTY TIME CMD
1 1 1 ? 00:00:18 init
2 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
3 0 0 ? 00:00:00 migration/0
4 0 0 ? 00:01:41 ksoftirqd/0
5 0 0 ? 00:00:00 stopper/0
6 0 0 ? 00:00:35 watchdog/0
7 0 0 ? 00:12:17 events/0
8 0 0 ? 00:00:00 events/0树状显示任务格式的所有进程
[root@zz ~]# ps -ejH
PID PGID SID TTY TIME CMD
2 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
3 0 0 ? 00:00:00 migration/0
4 0 0 ? 00:01:41 ksoftirqd/0
5 0 0 ? 00:00:00 stopper/0
6 0 0 ? 00:00:35 watchdog/0
7 0 0 ? 00:12:17 events/0
8 0 0 ? 00:00:00 events/0
9 0 0 ? 00:00:00 events_long/0
10 0 0 ? 00:00:00 events_power_ef
11 0 0 ? 00:00:00 cgroup
12 0 0 ? 00:00:00 khelper
13 0 0 ? 00:00:00 netns
14 0 0 ? 00:00:00 async/mgr
15 0 0 ? 00:00:00 pm
16 0 0 ? 00:00:10 sync_supers
17 0 0 ? 00:00:14 bdi-default
18 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
19 0 0 ? 00:00:16 kblockd/0
20 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kacpid
21 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kacpi_notify
22 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kacpi_hotplug
23 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ata_aux
24 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ata_sff/0
25 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ksuspend_usbd
26 0 0 ? 00:00:07 khubd
27 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kseriod
28 0 0 ? 00:00:00 md/0
29 0 0 ? 00:00:00 md_misc/0
30 0 0 ? 00:00:00 linkwatch
33 0 0 ? 00:00:01 khungtaskd
34 0 0 ? 00:00:17 kswapd0
35 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ksmd
36 0 0 ? 00:00:00 aio/0
37 0 0 ? 00:00:00 crypto/0
44 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kthrotld/0
45 0 0 ? 00:00:00 pciehpd
47 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kpsmoused
48 0 0 ? 00:00:00 usbhid_resumer
49 0 0 ? 00:00:00 deferwq
81 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kdmremove
82 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kstriped
113 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ttm_swap
242 0 0 ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_0
246 0 0 ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_1
266 0 0 ? 00:01:12 mpt_poll_0
267 0 0 ? 00:00:00 mpt/0
268 0 0 ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_2
363 0 0 ? 00:00:13 flush-8:0
416 0 0 ? 00:00:02 jbd2/sda5-8
417 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
645 0 0 ? 00:00:58 vmmemctl
802 0 0 ? 00:00:00 bluetooth
869 0 0 ? 00:00:00 jbd2/sda1-8
870 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
871 0 0 ? 00:00:00 jbd2/sda7-8
872 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
873 0 0 ? 00:00:00 jbd2/sda8-8
874 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
875 0 0 ? 00:00:01 jbd2/sda6-8
876 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
877 0 0 ? 00:00:00 jbd2/sda3-8
878 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
879 0 0 ? 00:00:21 jbd2/sda2-8
880 0 0 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
923 0 0 ? 00:00:00 kauditd
1 1 1 ? 00:00:18 init
509 509 509 ? 00:00:02 udevd
12320 509 509 ? 00:00:02 udevd
12321 509 509 ? 00:00:00 udevd
1207 1207 1207 ? 00:00:03 auditd
1241 1235 924 ? 00:00:03 rsyslogd
1292 1292 1292 ? 00:00:03 rpcbind
1314 1314 1314 ? 00:00:00 rpc.statd
1348 1348 1348 ? 00:00:01 dbus-daemon
1369 1369 1369 ? 00:00:00 cupsd
1401 1401 1401 ? 00:00:00 acpid
1413 1413 1413 ? 00:00:10 hald
1414 1413 1413 ? 00:00:00 hald-runner
1446 1413 1413 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-inpu
1464 1413 1413 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-acpi
13048 1413 1413 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-rfki
1488 1488 1488 ? 00:00:19 automount
1524 1524 1524 ? 00:00:00 mcelog
1541 1541 1541 ? 00:00:01 sshd
15340 15340 15340 ? 00:00:03 sshd
15342 15342 15342 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
16685 16685 15342 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
1578 1546 924 ? 00:00:00 mysqld_safe
1682 1546 924 ? 00:04:16 mysqld
1799 1799 1799 ? 00:00:10 master
1810 1799 1799 ? 00:00:01 qmgr
16656 1799 1799 ? 00:00:00 pickup
1828 1828 1828 ? 00:00:00 abrtd
1839 1839 1839 ? 00:01:34 httpd
1939 1839 1839 ? 00:00:00 httpd
1940 1839 1839 ? 00:00:00 httpd
1941 1839 1839 ? 00:00:00 httpd
1942 1839 1839 ? 00:00:00 httpd
1943 1839 1839 ? 00:00:00 httpd
1944 1839 1839 ? 00:00:00 httpd
1945 1839 1839 ? 00:00:00 httpd
1946 1839 1839 ? 00:00:00 httpd
1851 1851 1851 ? 00:00:06 crond
1866 1866 1866 ? 00:00:00 atd
1882 1882 1882 ? 00:00:01 certmonger
1912 1912 1912 ? 00:00:00 login
2017 2017 2017 tty1 00:00:01 bash
1915 1915 1915 tty2 00:00:00 mingetty以进程层级格式显示进程相关信息
[root@zz ~]# ps -eFH | head
UID PID PPID C SZ RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2 0 0 0 0 0 Jun15 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 2 0 0 0 0 Jun15 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 4 2 0 0 0 0 Jun15 ? 00:01:41 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 2 0 0 0 0 Jun15 ? 00:00:00 [stopper/0]
root 6 2 0 0 0 0 Jun15 ? 00:00:35 [watchdog/0]查看selinux进程信息
[root@qq ~]# ps axZ | head
LABEL PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
system_u:system_r:init_t:s0 1 ? Ss 0:58 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 3 ? S 0:04 [ksoftirqd/0]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 7 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 8 ? S 0:00 [rcu_bh]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 9 ? S 0:00 [rcuob/0]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 10 ? S 0:00 [rcuob/1]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 11 ? S 0:00 [rcuob/2]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0 12 ? S 0:00 [rcuob/3]只显示root的进程信息
[root@qq ~]# ps -U root | head
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:58 systemd
2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
3 ? 00:00:04 ksoftirqd/0
7 ? 00:00:00 migration/0
8 ? 00:00:00 rcu_bh
9 ? 00:00:00 rcuob/0
10 ? 00:00:00 rcuob/1
11 ? 00:00:00 rcuob/2
12 ? 00:00:00 rcuob/3通过-o参数只显示相关列信息
[root@qq ~]# ps axo pid,psr,command | head
PID PSR COMMAND
1 0 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
2 0 [kthreadd]
3 0 [ksoftirqd/0]
7 0 [migration/0]
8 0 [rcu_bh]
9 0 [rcuob/0]
10 0 [rcuob/1]
11 0 [rcuob/2]
12 0 [rcuob/3]pgrep和pkill
pgrep只显示进程号
[root@qq ~]# pgrep -u root | head
1
2
3
7
8
9
10
11
12
13pgrep只显示进程号和进程名
[root@qq ~]# pgrep -u root -l | head -20
1 systemd
2 kthreadd
3 ksoftirqd/0
7 migration/0
8 rcu_bh
9 rcuob/0
10 rcuob/1
11 rcuob/2
12 rcuob/3
13 rcuob/4
14 rcuob/5
15 rcuob/6
16 rcuob/7
17 rcu_sched
18 rcuos/0
19 rcuos/1
20 rcuos/2
21 rcuos/3
22 rcuos/4
23 rcuos/5pgrep只显示进程号的进程全名，包括使用的参数
[root@qq ~]# pgrep -u root -a
1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
2 kthreadd
3 ksoftirqd/0
7 migration/0
8 rcu_bh
9 rcuob/0
10 rcuob/1
11 rcuob/2
12 rcuob/3
13 rcuob/4
14 rcuob/5
15 rcuob/6
16 rcuob/7
17 rcu_sched
18 rcuos/0
19 rcuos/1
20 rcuos/2
21 rcuos/3
22 rcuos/4
23 rcuos/5
24 rcuos/6
25 rcuos/7
26 watchdog/0
27 khelper
28 kdevtmpfs
29 netns
30 perf
31 writeback
32 kintegrityd
33 bioset
34 kblockd
35 md
40 khungtaskd
41 kswapd0
42 ksmd
43 fsnotify_mark
44 crypto
52 kthrotld
54 kmpath_rdacd
55 kpsmoused
57 ipv6_addrconf
77 deferwq
108 kauditd
244 ata_sff
245 scsi_eh_0
246 scsi_tmf_0
247 scsi_eh_1
248 scsi_tmf_1
252 mpt_poll_0
253 mpt/0
255 events_power_ef
261 scsi_eh_2
262 scsi_tmf_2
264 ttm_swap
283 xfsalloc
284 xfs_mru_cache
285 xfs-buf/sda6
286 xfs-data/sda6
287 xfs-conv/sda6
288 xfs-cil/sda6
289 xfsaild/sda6
311 xfs-buf/sda5
312 xfs-data/sda5
313 xfs-conv/sda5
314 xfs-cil/sda5
315 xfsaild/sda5
373 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
387 /usr/sbin/lvmetad -f
401 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevdpidof
根据进程名获取pid
[root@qq ~]# pidof sshd
11127 1184top
top
P：以占率的CPU百分比：
M：占率内存百分比；
T：累积占率CPU时常
top修改刷新时间间隔
top - 05:51:44 up 19:27, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0
Tasks: 132 total, 2 running, 130 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 z
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 1.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi,
KiB Mem : 500148 total, 12888 free, 141488 used, 34577
KiB Swap: 4194300 total, 4193364 free, 936 used. 30878
Change delay from 1.0 to
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM
1 root 20 0 126560 7384 2632 S 0.0 1.5
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 通过q命令kill掉top命令中的进程
top - 05:52:43 up 19:28, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0
Tasks: 132 total, 3 running, 129 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 z
%Cpu(s): 0.3 us, 0.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.1 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi,
KiB Mem : 500148 total, 12776 free, 141600 used, 34577
KiB Swap: 4194300 total, 4193364 free, 936 used. 30867
PID to signal/kill [default pid = 11925]
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM
11925 root 20 0 146160 1920 1360 R 6.2 0.4
1 root 20 0 126560 7384 2632 S 0.0 1.5
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0top每一秒刷新一次
[root@qq ~]# top -d 1top从上到下批次显示所有进程
[root@qq ~]# top -btop只显示3批进程后结束
[root@qq ~]# top -b -n 3htop
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/zhongle21/2091430