公平锁:多个线程按照申请锁的顺序来获取锁,类似排队打饭,先来后到
非公平锁:是指多个线程获取锁的顺序并不是按照申请锁的顺序,有可能后申请的线程比先申请的线程优先获取锁
在高并发情况下,有可能会造成优先级反转或者饥饿现象。
并发包中ReentrantLock的创建可以指定构造函数的Boolean类型来得到公平锁或非公平锁,默认是非公平锁,源码分析:
//new ReentrantLock()的底层代码,默认不传值为false(非公平锁)
//如果//new ReentrantLock(true)则为公平锁
/**
* Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock}.
* This is equivalent to using {@code ReentrantLock(false)}.
*/
public ReentrantLock() {
sync = new NonfairSync();
}
/**
* Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock} with the
* given fairness policy.
*
* @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
*/
public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
}
两者的区别:
公平锁:Threads acquire a fair lock in the order in which they requested it
公平锁,就是很公平,在并发环境中,每个线程在获取锁时会先查看维护此锁的等待队列,如果为空,或者当前线程是等待队列的第一个,就占有锁,否则会加入到等待队列中,以后会按照FIFO的规则从队列中取到自己。
非公平锁:a nonfair lock permits barging:threads requesting a lock can jump ahead of the queue of waiting threads if the lock happens to be avaiable when it is requested.
非公平锁比较粗鲁,上来就直接尝试占有锁,如果尝试失败,就再采用类似公平锁那种方式。
java ReentrantLock而言
通过构造函数指定该锁是否是公平锁,默认是非公平锁。非公平锁的优点在于吞吐量比公平锁大。
对于Synchronized而言,也是一种非公平锁。
指的是同一线程外层函数获取锁之后,内层递归函数仍然能够获取该锁的代码,在同一线程在外层方法获取锁的时候,在进入内层方法会自动获取锁
也就是说:线程可以进入任何一个她已经拥有的锁所同步的代码块。
RenntrantLock/Synchronized就是典型的可重入锁
可重入锁最大的作用就是避免死锁
/**
* 可以简单的理解method()和method1()两者获取的是同一把锁
*/
public synchronized void method() {
method1();
}
public synchronized void method1() {
}
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* @Auther: YongXuezhen
* @Date: 2019/5/16 12:28
* @Description: 可重入锁(递归锁)
*/
class Phone implements Runnable {
public synchronized void sendSMS() throws Exception {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked sendSMS()");
sendSmail();
}
public void sendSmail() throws Exception {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t ==========invoked sendEmail()");
}
//========================================================================================
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
get();
}
public void get() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked get()");
set();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void set() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t ===== invoked set()");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
/**
* t1 invoked sendSMS() t1 线程在外层方法获取锁的时候
* t1 ==========invoked sendEmail() t1线程在进去内层方法会自动获取锁
* t2 invoked sendSMS()
* t2 ==========invoked sendEmail()
*/
public class ReenterLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone phone = new Phone();
new Thread(() -> {
try {
phone.sendSMS();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}, "t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
try {
phone.sendSMS();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}, "t2").start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
Thread t3 = new Thread(phone, "t3");
Thread t4 = new Thread(phone, "t4");
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
上述代码输出:
t1 invoked sendSMS()
t1 ==========invoked sendEmail()
t2 invoked sendSMS()
t2 ==========invoked sendEmail()
t3 invoked get()
t3 ===== invoked set()
t4 invoked get()
t4 ===== invoked set()
自旋锁(spinlock)
是指尝试获取锁的线程不会立即阻塞,而是采用循环的方式去尝试获取锁,这样的好处是减少线程上下文切换的消耗,缺点是循环会消耗CPU。
例如:CAS中unsafe类中getAndAddInt方法
public final int getAndAddInt(Object var1, long var2, int var4) {
int var5;
do {
var5 = this.getIntVolatile(var1, var2);
} while(!this.compareAndSwapInt(var1, var2, var5, var5 + var4));
return var5;
}
Demo如下:
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
/**
* @Auther: YongXuezhen
* @Date: 2019/5/16 16:17
* @Description:
*/
public class SpinLockDemo {
//原子引用线程
AtomicReference atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
public void myLock() {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t come in ");
while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null, thread)) {
//System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"\t jin");
}
}
public void myUnLock() {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread, null);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked myUnLock() ");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpinLockDemo spinLockDemo = new SpinLockDemo();
new Thread(()->{
spinLockDemo.myLock();
try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); } catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
spinLockDemo.myUnLock();
},"AA").start();
try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
new Thread(()->{
spinLockDemo.myLock();
try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
spinLockDemo.myUnLock();
},"BB").start();
}
}
输出结果
AA come in
AA invoked myUnLock()
BB come in
BB invoked myUnLock()
独占锁:指该锁一次只能被一个线程锁持有。对ReentrantLock和Synchronized而言都是独占锁
共享锁:指该锁可以被多个线程所持有
对ReentrantReadWriteLock其读锁是共享锁,其写锁是独占锁
读锁的共享锁可保证并发读是非常高效的,读写,写读,写写的过程是互斥的。