LINUX系统(CentOS7安装)四之Oracle的安装

ORacle的安装

使用工具

1. 系统：阿里云CentOS7服务器
2. Oracle：11g
3. 文档编写工具：EditPlus
4. 连接Linux系统工具：Xshell5（推荐、但是慎用，收费软件）
5. 文件传输工具：xftp
6. Oracle连接工具：PLSQL

文件地址:

1. oracle11g:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1An6VHanYS-6RwiWQ9OyuVw 提取码: woai
2. plsql安装教程以及instantclient_12_1.zip:链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ccdRozwXAs92-dPuB4TRdQ 提取码: java
3. plsql安装包：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vk4zjqxe8LFXZUNYkzrvWg 提取码: plsq
4. yum的rpm想对应文件:链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1oduZs4F91FBPujTq4JmREg 提取码: yum1

所需包如下（包顺序之间有依赖，建议按照顺序安装）：
python-libs-2.7.5-58.el7.x86_64.rpm
python-2.7.5-58.el7.x86_64.rpm
python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
python-pycurl-7.19.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm-python-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm 
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm

上传文件

使用FileZilla将文件上传至/usr/local/下(可以自行更换上传位置)

1. 安装起步依赖

安装依赖

yum -y install binutils  compat-libstdc++-33  elfutils-libelf   elfutils-libelf-devel  expat   gcc  gcc-c++   glibc  glibc-common  glibc-devel  glibc-headers  libaio  libaio-devel  libgcc  libstdc++ libstdc++-devel  make pdksh  sysstat  unixODBC  unixODBC-devel

安装完成后,显示以下画面

使用如下命令检查依赖是否安装完整

rpm -q  binutils  compat-libstdc++-33  elfutils-libelf   elfutils-libelf-devel  expat   gcc  gcc-c++   glibc  glibc-common  glibc-devel  glibc-headers  libaio  libaio-devel  libgcc  libstdc++ libstdc++-devel  make pdksh  sysstat  unixODBC  unixODBC-devel  | grep "not installed"

这里会发现只有pdksh没有安装,由于centos7不包含所以需要根据链接下载

wget -O /tmp/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

这快我现在到tmp中,进入tmprpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm执行命令添加rpm
再次使用命令检查完整性

2. 添加oracle用户组和用户

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle
添加完成后，查看oracle用户
id oracle
初始化oracle用户的密码
passwd oracle

3. 配置hostname（本机IP映射）

vim /etc/hosts
192.168.154.154 centos-orcl(不要改变后面配置监听时需用到，不然监听配不成功)
测试hostname
ping -c 3 centos-orcl

4. 优化OS内核参数

kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586

使参数生效

sysctl -p

5. 限制oracle用户的shell权限

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

vim /etc/pam.d/login

session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session  required   pam_limits.so

vim /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

6. 创建oracle安装目录

mkdir -p /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /usr/local/oracle/oradata
mkdir /usr/local/oracle/inventory
mkdir /usr/local/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/oracle
chmod -R 775 /usr/local/oracle

7. 配置oracle用户环境变量

su - oracle

vim .bash_profile

umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centos-orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

以上配置完成后，个人建议重启下系统
reboot

8. 解压文件

解压oracle压缩文件到 /db

cd /usr/local/
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /usr/local
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /usr/local

解压完成后

mkdir /usr/local/etc/
cp /usr/local/database/response/* /usr/local/etc/

修改数据

vim /usr/local/etc/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centos-oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=//usr/local/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

9. 开始安装

su - oracle
cd /usr/local/database

可以看见database文件夹下有三个模板其中dbca.rsp是用来创建数据库的。db_install.rsp是用来安装Oracle软件的。netca.rsp是用来创建监听器的

./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /usr/local/etc/db_install.rsp

安装期间可以使用tail命令监看oracle的安装日志(可以不用看,不过我这里推荐看下)

tail -f /usr/local/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2017-07-12_03-48-29PM.log

安装完成

su root
sh /usr/local/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

10. 配置静默监听

su - oracle
netca /silent /responsefile /usr/local/etc/netca.rsp

出现错误未启动成功
解决方案:

oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/NETWORK/ADMIN下打开listener.ora文件后将HOST后的主机名
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = SUZSOFT-8CB5627)(PORT = 1521))
改成IP即可解决上面遇到问题 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.7.115)(PORT = 1521))

查看监听端口
netstat -tnulp | grep 1521(监听配置成功)

11. 静默创建数据库

TOTALMEMORY 设置为总内存的80%

vi /usr/local/etc/dbca.rsp

GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/usr/local/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/usr/local/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

执行静默建库
dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName test -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle
执行出现-bash: dbca: command not found
解决方案:

source .bash_profile
dbca

查看oracle实例进程
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

查看监听状态

lsnrctl status

报错：The listener supports no services

解决方案：修改/usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

在LISTENER里添加内容：

SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
      (SID_DESC=
                      #BEQUEATH CONFIG
         (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
         (SID_NAME=orcl)
         (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2)
                      #PRESPAWN CONFIG
        (PRESPAWN_MAX=20)
        (PRESPAWN_LIST=
          (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
        )
       )
      )

重启监听器，问题解决。
http://blog.csdn.net/snowfoxmonitor/article/details/47705885

12. 登录sqlplus，查看实例状态

ORA-01081: 无法启动已在运行的 ORACLE - 请首先关闭它

SQL> startup nomount
sql>shutdown immediate关闭再进行
sql>startup nomount重新开启就可以了

sqlplus / as sysdba
select status from v$instance;

报错：ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
解决方案：startup

报错：ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora'
解决方案：将/usr/local/oracle/admin/test/pfile/init.ora.1014201721194修改名称放到/usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora

再次startup命令解决

Linux下Oracle11gR2的ORA-00845错误解决方法:http://www.ha97.com/5175.html
查看数据库编码

select userenv('language') from dual;

查看数据库版本信息

select * from v$version;

激活scott用户

alter user scott account unlock;
alter user scott identified by tiger;
select username,account_status from all_users;

13.设置Oracle开机启动

vi /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

vi /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

vi /etc/oratab

orcl:/usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle

#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already running.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
   touch $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'stop')
   if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already stopping.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
   rm -f $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'restart')
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
'status')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 started.
      else
      echo $0 stopped.
   fi
   ;;
*)
   echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
   exit 1
esac
exit 0

开机启动oracle

systemctl enable oracle

开机启动问题

oracle ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

cd /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle

TNS-12555: TNS:permission denied

cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle

oracle.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig oracle on

cd /etc/init.d
cat oracle

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 345 90 10  
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System. 
有（# chkconfig:和# description: ）这两个选项说明文件是正确的
再看oracle文件权限问题
修改权限chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle