为了解决什么问题:
1.前端传入大量繁琐数据需要校验,会产生大量 if else语句以及try catch语句导致代码冗杂,不美观。用@Validated注解可以很好的解决。它根据实体类配置的校验规则在进入controller接口的时候就会自动校验参数。
2.controller中每一个接口请求都要对异常进行处理,若接口不断增多,不同的异常也会不断增多,会导致异常太过紊乱,不好维护且不好拓展。因此用@ControllerAdvice+@ExceptionHandler对异常做统一处理。
为了更方便的理解,这里采用demo,提供登录和注册2个接口的方式给大家阐述。
1.编写登录实体类UserLoginReq和注册实体类UserRegisterReq(这里@Getter@Sette注解用的lombok插件可以省去写get,set方法)
@NotEmpty注解校验是否为空
@Size校验字符串的长度
@Pattern正则表达式校验字符串
UserLoginReq:
@Getter
@Setter
public class UserLoginReq {
@NotEmpty(message = "用户姓名不能为空")
@Size(max = 64, message = "用户姓名长度不能超过64位")
private String name;
@NotEmpty(message = "密码不能为空")
private String password;
}
UserRegisterReq:
@Getter
@Setter
public class UserRegisterReq {
@NotEmpty(message = "用户姓名不能为空")
@Size(max = 64, message = "用户姓名长度不能超过64位")
private String name;
@NotEmpty(message = "用户证件类型不能为空")
@Pattern(regexp = "^(01|02|03|04|99)$", message = "用户证件类型错误")
private String cardType;
@NotEmpty(message = "用户证件号码不能为空")
@Size(max = 32, message = "用户证件号码长度不能超过32位")
private String cardNo;
@NotEmpty(message = "用户联系电话不能为空")
@Size(max = 32, message = "用户联系电话长度不能超过32位")
private String contactNo;
@Size(max = 128, message = "联系地址长度不能超过128位")
private String contactAddress;
}
2.pom.xml引入依赖
(1)spring-boot-starter-validation:提供上示代码中@NotEmpty,@Size,@Pattern等注解校验参数,message参数用于校验失败响应值
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-validation
(2)hutool-all:hutool工具类,是一个很强大的工具类,提供如日期,克隆,类型转化等等很多方法简化代码开发,这里只是用于创建json对象和创建随机数(与此文核心内容无关)
cn.hutool
hutool-all
4.6.13
3.编写controller接口,自定义异常枚举类和请求返回result类
UserController:
@RestController
public class UserController {
@PostMapping(value = "/register")
public void exceptionLoginDemo(@Validated UserRegisterReq userRegisterReq) {
System.out.println("user register!");
}
@PostMapping(value = "/login")
public void exceptionRegisterDemo(@Validated UserLoginReq userLoginReq) {
System.out.println("user login!");
}
}
ExceptionEnum :枚举类,自定义异常枚举
public enum ExceptionEnum {
// 请求异常集
LOGIN_PARAM_EXCEPTION("100101", "登录请求参数错误异常"),
REGISTER_PARAM_EXCEPTION("100102", "注册请求参数错误异常",true),
//系统未知异常
UNKNOWN_EXCEPTION("990101", "未知异常", true);
// 错误码
private String code;
// 响应信息
private String message;
// 异常发现是否警告(此参数这里不考虑,只是用于拓展,比如异常发生会通知异常监听系统发出警告)
private boolean isWarn;
ExceptionEnum(String code, String message) {
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
this.isWarn = false;
}
ExceptionEnum(String code, String message, boolean isWarn) {
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
this.isWarn = isWarn;
}
public String getCode() {
return this.code;
}
public String getMessage() {
return this.message;
}
public boolean isWarn() {
return this.isWarn;
}
}
Result:自定义返回给用户的结果集:错误码code,信息message,以及响应成功或失败的response数据
@Getter
@Setter
public class Result implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4127817000970452353L;
//默认成功正常
private static final String SUCCESS_CODE = "200";
//默认成功消息
private static final String SUCCESS_MESSAGE = "SUCCESS";
//状态
private String code;
//消息
private String message;
//数据
private Object response;
private Result(Builder builder) {
code = builder.code == null ? SUCCESS_CODE : builder.code + "";
message = builder.message == null ? SUCCESS_MESSAGE : builder.message;
response = builder.response;
}
public static Builder newBuilder() {
return new Builder();
}
public static final class Builder {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private Object response;
private Builder() {
}
public Builder code(Integer val) {
code = val;
return this;
}
public Builder message(String val) {
message = val;
return this;
}
public Builder response(Object val) {
response = val;
return this;
}
public Result build() {
return new Result(this);
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return JSONUtil.toJsonStr(this);
}
}
4.编写3个异常类以及异常handle:1个父异常FatherException,2个子异常ChildLoginException,ChildRegisterException,ExceptionHandle
这里示例2个自定义子异常,实际工作中可动态拓展新增多个异常处理
FatherException:
public abstract class FatherException extends Exception{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2287623661547050627L;
protected boolean isWarn;
protected String code;
protected String message;
public FatherException(ExceptionEnum exceptionEnum, String type, JSONObject params) {
this.code = exceptionEnum.getCode();
this.message = exceptionEnum.getMessage();
this.isWarn = exceptionEnum.isWarn();
}
}
ChildLoginException:
public class ChildLoginException extends FatherException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7065580338200227702L;
private static final String EXCEPTION_TYPE = "LOGIN";
public ChildLoginException(ExceptionEnum exceptionEnum, JSONObject params) {
super(exceptionEnum, EXCEPTION_TYPE, params);
}
}
ChildRegisterException:
public class ChildRegisterException extends FatherException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 816726270176940141L;
private static final String EXCEPTION_TYPE = "REGISTER";
public ChildRegisterException(ExceptionEnum exceptionEnum, JSONObject params) {
super(exceptionEnum, EXCEPTION_TYPE, params);
}
}
核心类:
ExceptionHandle
当请求来的时候,校验失败会进入ExceptionHandle类,通过instanceof 关键字根据异常类型去跑各自具体的异常处理逻辑,如登录就处理登录的异常,注册就处理注册的异常,若是BindException则是参数校验失败,根据请求url,封装各自的result返回值返回给用户
(提示:代码中Result.newBuilder()等于new Result(),这是lombok插件创建对象的写法)
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionHandle {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExceptionHandle.class);
private Snowflake snowflake = IdUtil.createSnowflake(1, 1);
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
@ResponseBody
public Result handle(Exception exception, HttpServletRequest request) {
/*
创建一个json Response对象(这里写法是因为用的huto工具类) ,请求返回值形如
data = {
"code": "100101",
"message": "用户证件类型错误",
"response": {
"reqId": "1277545207021309952"
}
}
*/
JSONObject data = JSONUtil.createObj();
// 生成随机数(huto工具类的方法)
data.put("reqId", snowflake.nextIdStr());
if (exception instanceof FatherException) {
/*
处理自定义的FatherException异常
*/
} else if (exception instanceof ChildLoginException) {
/*
处理ChildLoginException 登录的异常
*/
} else if (exception instanceof ChildRegisterException) {
/*
处理ChildRegisterException 注册的异常
*/
} else if (exception instanceof BindException) {
// 取得请求的url
String reqUrl = this.getRequestUrl(request);
// 取得BindException异常提示信息
String message = this.getBindExceptionMessage((BindException) exception);
switch (reqUrl) {
// 请求一:登录
case "/login":
request.setAttribute("resCode", ExceptionEnum.LOGIN_PARAM_EXCEPTION.getCode());
return Result.newBuilder().code(Integer.valueOf(ExceptionEnum.LOGIN_PARAM_EXCEPTION.getCode())).message(message).response(data).build();
// 请求二:注册
case "/register":
request.setAttribute("resCode", ExceptionEnum.REGISTER_PARAM_EXCEPTION.getCode());
return Result.newBuilder().code(Integer.valueOf(ExceptionEnum.REGISTER_PARAM_EXCEPTION.getCode())).message(message).response(data).build();
}
} else {
// 处理未知异常
logger.error(exception.getMessage(), exception);
request.setAttribute("resCode", ExceptionEnum.UNKNOWN_EXCEPTION.getCode());
return Result.newBuilder().code(Integer.valueOf(ExceptionEnum.UNKNOWN_EXCEPTION.getCode())).message(ExceptionEnum.UNKNOWN_EXCEPTION.getMessage()).response(data).build();
}
return null;
}
返回响应码code,响应信息message,返回值response
1.注册证件类型支持01,02,03,04,99.不支持22报证件类型错误
2.登录密码不能为空
Demo的GitHub地址:https://github.com/taochengbin/springMVC