Hbase学习（三）shell操作
目录
- 进入HBase命令行
- HBase表的操作
- 创建create
- 查看表列表list
- 查看表的详细信息desc
- 修改表的定义alter
- HBase表中数据的操作
- 增put
- 查get + scan
- 删delete
正文
进入HBase命令行：
在你安装的随意台服务器节点上，执行命令：hbase shell，会进入到你的 hbase shell 客户端
[potter@potter2 ~]$ hbase shell
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/potter/apps/hbase-1.2.6/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/potter/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell; enter 'help' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 1.2.6, rUnknown, Mon May 29 02:25:32 CDT 2017
hbase(main):001:0> 说明，先看一下提示。其实是不是有一句很重要的话：
HBase Shell; enter 'help' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 1.2.6, rUnknown, Mon May 29 02:25:32 CDT 2017 讲述了怎么获得帮助，怎么退出客户端
学会使用help命令：
hbase(main):001:0> help
HBase Shell, version 1.2.6, rUnknown, Mon May 29 02:25:32 CDT 2017
Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
COMMAND GROUPS:
Group name: general
Commands: status, table_help, version, whoami
Group name: ddl
Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, get_table, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, locate_region, show_filters
Group name: namespace
Commands: alter_namespace, create_namespace, describe_namespace, drop_namespace, list_namespace, list_namespace_tables
Group name: dml
Commands: append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, get_splits, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve
Group name: tools
Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, balancer_enabled, catalogjanitor_enabled, catalogjanitor_run, catalogjanitor_switch, close_region, compact, compact_rs, flush, major_compact, merge_region, move, normalize, normalizer_enabled, normalizer_switch, split, trace, unassign, wal_roll, zk_dump
Group name: replication
Commands: add_peer, append_peer_tableCFs, disable_peer, disable_table_replication, enable_peer, enable_table_replication, list_peers, list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, remove_peer_tableCFs, set_peer_tableCFs, show_peer_tableCFs
Group name: snapshots
Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_all_snapshot, delete_snapshot, list_snapshots, restore_snapshot, snapshot
Group name: configuration
Commands: update_all_config, update_config
Group name: quotas
Commands: list_quotas, set_quota
Group name: security
Commands: grant, list_security_capabilities, revoke, user_permission
Group name: procedures
Commands: abort_procedure, list_procedures
Group name: visibility labels
Commands: add_labels, clear_auths, get_auths, list_labels, set_auths, set_visibility
SHELL USAGE:
Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names. Commas delimit
command parameters. Type after entering a command to run it.
Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are
Ruby Hashes. They look like this:
{'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...}
and are opened and closed with curley-braces. Key/values are delimited by the
'=>' character combination. Usually keys are predefined constants such as
NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc. Constants do not need to be quoted. Type
'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment.
If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, use
double-quote'd hexadecimal representation. For example:
hbase> get 't1', "key\x03\x3f\xcd"
hbase> get 't1', "key\003\023\011"
hbase> put 't1', "test\xef\xff", 'f1:', "\x01\x33\x40"
The HBase shell is the (J)Ruby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added.
For more on the HBase Shell, see http://hbase.apache.org/book.html
hbase(main):002:0> help获取帮助
help：获取所有命令提示
help "dml" ：获取一组命令的提示
help "put" ：获取一个单独命令的提示帮助
exit 退出 hbase shell 客户端
HBase表的操作：
关于表的操作包括（创建create，查看表列表list。查看表的详细信息desc，删除表drop，清空表truncate，修改表的定义alter）
general：普通命令组
status 查看集群状态
创建（creat）
hbase(main):001:0> help 'create'可以看到其中一条提示
hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1'}, {NAME => 'f2'}, {NAME => 'f3'}其中t1是表名，f1,f2,f3是列簇的名，如：hbase(main):002:0> create 'myHbase',{NAME => 'myCard',VERSIONS => 5}
0 row(s) in 3.1270 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - myHbase
hbase(main):003:0> 
查看表列表list
可以输入以下命令进行查看帮助命令
hbase(main):006:0> help 'list'
List all tables in hbase. Optional regular expression parameter could
be used to filter the output. Examples:
hbase> list
hbase> list 'abc.*'
hbase> list 'ns:abc.*'
hbase> list 'ns:.*'
hbase(main):007:0> 直接输入list查看
hbase(main):007:0> list
TABLE
blog
stu
user_info
3 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds
=> ["blog", "stu", "user_info"]
hbase(main):008:0> 中括号里面是表的信息
查看表的详细信息desc
一个大括号，就相当于一个列簇
hbase(main):008:0> desc 'stu'
Table stu is ENABLED
stu
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf3', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
3 row(s) in 0.6760 seconds
hbase(main):009:0> 修改表的定义alter
添加一个列簇
hbase(main):009:0> alter 'stu', NAME => 'myInfo'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 8.1090 seconds
hbase(main):010:0>查看添加的列簇
hbase(main):010:0> desc 'stu'
Table stu is ENABLED
stu
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf3', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'myInfo', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'F
ALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOC
KCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
4 row(s) in 0.1550 seconds
hbase(main):011:0> 删除一个列簇
hbase(main):011:0> alter 'stu',NAME => 'myInfo', METHOD => 'delete'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 3.6470 seconds
hbase(main):012:0>查看删除的列簇还有没有
hbase(main):012:0> desc 'stu'
Table stu is ENABLED
stu
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf3', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
3 row(s) in 0.0580 seconds
hbase(main):013:0>删除一个列簇也可以执行以下命令
alter 'myHbase', 'delete' => 'myInfo'添加列簇hehe，同时删除列簇cf1
hbase(main):013:0> alter 'stu', {NAME => 'hehe'}, {NAME => 'cf1', METHOD => 'delete'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 7.3360 seconds
hbase(main):014:0>查看状态
hbase(main):014:0> desc 'stu'
Table stu is ENABLED
stu
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf3', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALS
E', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCA
CHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'hehe', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FAL
SE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKC
ACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
3 row(s) in 0.0610 seconds
hbase(main):015:0> 清空表truncate
hbase(main):015:0> truncate 'stu'
Truncating 'stu' table (it may take a while):
- Disabling table...
- Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 5.5020 seconds
hbase(main):016:0>删除表drop
hbase(main):018:0> drop 'stu'
ERROR: Table stu is enabled. Disable it first.
Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
hbase> drop 't1'
hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'
hbase(main):019:0>直接删除表会报错，根据提示需要先停用表
hbase(main):020:0> disable 'stu'
0 row(s) in 2.3340 seconds
hbase(main):021:0> drop 'stu'
0 row(s) in 1.2920 seconds
hbase(main):022:0> list
TABLE
blog
user_info
2 row(s) in 0.0180 seconds
=> ["blog", "user_info"]
hbase(main):023:0> HBase表中数据的操作
关于数据的操作（增put，删delete，查get + scan, 改==变相的增加）
创建 user 表，包含 info、data 两个列簇hbase(main):023:0> create 'user',{NAME=>'base_info',VERSIONS=>3 },{NAME=>'extra_info',VERSIONS=>1 }
0 row(s) in 2.5440 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - user
hbase(main):024:0> list
TABLE
blog
user
user_info
3 row(s) in 0.1120 seconds
=> ["blog", "user", "user_info"]
hbase(main):025:0>增put
查看帮助，需要传入表名，rowkey，列簇名、值等。
hbase(main):026:0> help 'put'
Put a cell 'value' at specified table/row/column and optionally
timestamp coordinates. To put a cell value into table 'ns1:t1' or 't1'
at row 'r1' under column 'c1' marked with the time 'ts1', do:
hbase> put 'ns1:t1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value'
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value'
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {VISIBILITY=>'PRIVATE|SECRET'}
The same commands also can be run on a table reference. Suppose you had a reference
t to table 't1', the corresponding command would be:
hbase> t.put 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase(main):027:0> hbase(main):029:0> put 'user', 'user0001', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan'
0 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds
hbase(main):030:0> 此处可以多添加几条数据
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0001', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan1'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0002', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan2'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0003', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan3'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0004', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan4'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0005', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan5'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0006', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan6'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0007', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan7'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0008', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan8'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0001', 'base_info:age', '21'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0002', 'base_info:age', '22'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0003', 'base_info:age', '23'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0004', 'base_info:age', '24'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0005', 'base_info:age', '25'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0006', 'base_info:age', '26'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0007', 'base_info:age', '27'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0008', 'base_info:age', '28'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0001', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0002', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0003', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0004', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0005', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0006', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0007', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0001', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc1'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0002', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc2'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0003', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc3'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0004', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc4'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0005', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc5'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0006', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc6'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0007', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc7'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0008', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc8'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0001', 'base_info:age', '21'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0002', 'base_info:age', '22'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0003', 'base_info:age', '23'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0004', 'base_info:age', '24'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0005', 'base_info:age', '25'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0006', 'base_info:age', '26'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0007', 'base_info:age', '27'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0008', 'base_info:age', '28'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0001', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0002', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0003', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0004', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0005', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0006', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0007', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0008', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'查get+scan
获取user表中rowkey为user0001的所有信息
hbase(main):083:0> get 'user', 'user0001'
COLUMN CELL
base_info:name timestamp=1522486949513, value=zhangsan
1 row(s) in 0.0840 seconds
hbase(main):084:0> hbase(main):025:0> get 'user', 'rk0001', 'base_info'
COLUMN CELL
base_info:name timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan
row(s) in 0.0320 seconds
hbase(main):026:0>查询user表中所有信息
hbase(main):026:0> scan 'user'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
rk0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan
user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1
row(s) in 0.0970 seconds
hbase(main):027:0>查询user_info表中列簇为base_info的信息
hbase(main):027:0> scan 'user', {COLUMNS => 'base_info'}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
rk0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan
user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1
row(s) in 0.0620 seconds
hbase(main):028:0>删delete
删除user_info表row key为rk0001，列标示符为base_info:name的数据
hbase(main):028:0> delete 'user_info', 'rk0001', 'base_info:name'
row(s) in 0.0780 seconds
hbase(main):029:0> scan 'user_info', {COLUMNS => 'base_info'}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1
row(s) in 0.0530 seconds
hbase(main):030:0>