startproject 新建工程
settings 配置文件
genspider 新建spider
bench 测试命令
runspider
shell
fetch 使用Scrapy下载器(downloader)下载给定的URL,并将获取到的内容送到标准输出。
view 在浏览器中打开给定的URL,并以Scrapy spider获取到的形式展现。
version scrapy的版本信息
crawl 执行spider
check 检查spider
list 列出当前项目中可用的spider
edit
parse 获取给定的URL并使用相应的spider分析处理
新建工程:scrapy startproject XXX
新建spider:scrapy genspider XXX “XXX.XXX.XX”
执行spider:scrapy crawl XXX
检查spider:scrapy check XXX
列出当前项目中可用的spider:scrapy list
Scrapy shell 是一个交互式的shell,Scrapy shell对于开发爬虫是非常好用的一个测试工具。他可以在未启动spider的情况下尝试及调试爬虫代码。
shelp() - 打印可用对象及快捷命令的帮助列表
fetch(request_or_url) - 根据给定的请求(request)或URL获取一个新的response,并更新相关的对象。
view(response) - 在本机的浏览器打开给定的response。 其会在response的body中添加一个 tag ,使得外部链接(例如图片及css)能正确显示。
通过 scrapy.shell.inspect_response 函数来实现:
import scrapy
from scrapy.shell import inspect_response
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "myspider"
def parse(self, response):
inspect_response(response, self)
打开shell界面
请求百度页面
fetch(“http://www.baidu.com“)
response.xpath()匹配数据
a = response.xpath(“//div[@id=’lg’]/img/@src”)
User Agent中文名为用户代理,简称 UA,它是一个特殊字符串头,使得服务器能够识别客户使用的操作系统及版本、CPU类型、浏览器及版本、浏览器渲染引擎、浏览器语言、浏览器插件等。
safari 5.1 – MAC
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50
safari 5.1 – Windows
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50
IE 9.0
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;
IE 8.0
User-Agent:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)
IE 7.0
User-Agent:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
IE 6.0
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)
Firefox 4.0.1 – MAC
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1
Firefox 4.0.1 – Windows
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1
Opera 11.11 – MAC
User-Agent:Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11
Opera 11.11 – Windows
User-Agent:Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11
Chrome 17.0 – MAC
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11
傲游(Maxthon)
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)
腾讯TT
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)
世界之窗(The World) 2.x
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)
世界之窗(The World) 3.x
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)
搜狗浏览器 1.x
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)
360浏览器
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)
Avant
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)
Green Browser
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)
safari iOS 4.33 – iPhone
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5
safari ios 4.33 – iPod Touch
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5
safari iOS 4.33 – iPad
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5
Android N1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1
Android QQ浏览器 For android
User-Agent: MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1
Android Opera Mobile
User-Agent: Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10
Android Pad Moto Xoom
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13
BlackBerry
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+
WebOS HP Touchpad
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (hp-tablet; Linux; hpwOS/3.0.0; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) wOSBrowser/233.70 Safari/534.6 TouchPad/1.0
Nokia N97
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/20.0.019; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.18124
Windows Phone Mango
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)
UC无
User-Agent: UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999
UC标准
User-Agent: NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999
UCOpenwave
User-Agent: Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999
UC Opera
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999
爬虫爬取网站数据时,有时候需要通过user agent来模拟移动端和PC端标识