【LeetCode】6. ZigZag Conversion - Java实现

      • 1. 题目描述:
      • 2. 思路分析:
      • 3. Java代码:

1. 题目描述:

The string "PAYPALISHIRING" is written in a zigzag pattern on a given number of rows like this: (you may want to display this pattern in a fixed font for better legibility)

P   A   H   N   
A P L S I I G   
Y   I   R

And then read line by line: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"

Write the code that will take a string and make this conversion given a number of rows:

string convert(string s, int numRows);

Example 1:

Input: s = “PAYPALISHIRING”, numRows = 3
Output: “PAHNAPLSIIGYIR”

Example 2:

Input: s = “PAYPALISHIRING”, numRows = 4
Output: “PINALSIGYAHRPI”

Explanation:

P     I    N
A   L S  I G
Y A   H R
P     I

2. 思路分析:

ZigZag 是锯齿形的意思,题目是说将一个字符串按照锯齿形排列,然后按行输出结果。

(1)思路一:
按照锯齿形遍历输入的字符串,然后将每个字符存储到对应的行的字符串中,最后将所有航拼接成最终结果输出。

(2)思路二:
锯齿形排列的规律:发现所有行的重复周期都是 2 * numRows - 2
对于首行和末行之间的行,还会额外重复一次,重复的这一次距离本周期起始字符的距离是 2 * numRows - 2 - 2 * i,找到了这个规律就好办了。

3. Java代码:

源代码:见我GiHub主页

代码1:时间复杂度O(n)

public String convert(String s, int numRows) {
    if (s.length() == 1 || numRows < 2) {
        return s;
    }

    // 用来存储每行的结果
    List rows = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < Math.min(numRows, s.length()); i++) {
        rows.add(new StringBuilder());
    }

    // 当前所在的行
    int curRow = 0;
    // 是否是向下行走
    boolean goingDown = true;
    for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
        rows.get(curRow).append(c);
        if (goingDown) {
            curRow += 1;
        } else {
            curRow -= 1;
        }
        // 每次行走到最下一行或者最上一行,则改变行走方向
        if (curRow == numRows - 1 || curRow == 0) {
            goingDown = !goingDown;
        }
    }

    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    for (StringBuilder row : rows) {
        result.append(row);
    }
    return result.toString();
}

代码2:时间复杂度O(n)

public String convert(String s, int numRows) {
    if (s.length() == 1 || numRows < 2) {
        return s;
    }

    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    int len = s.length();
    // 一个循环周期的长度
    int cycleLen = 2 * numRows - 2;

    for (int i = 0; i < numRows; i ++) {
        for (int j = i; j < len; j += cycleLen) {
            result.append(s.charAt(j));
            // 如果不是首行和末行,则还需要多加一个
            if (i > 0 && i < numRows - 1) {
                int k = j + cycleLen - 2 * i;
                if (k < len) {
                    result.append(s.charAt(k));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return result.toString();
}

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