采用ffmpeg和ffserver实现音视频直播和点播
一、嵌入式开发板采集音视频(远程)
音频采集程序：./audioc -i 222.222.222.222 -p 8888;
视频采集程序：./videoc -i 222.222.222.222 -p 9999;
音频采集程序利用alsa库，采集原始音频帧，发送至服务器进程(222.222.222.222, 8888);
视频采集程序利用v4l2库，采集原始视频帧，h.264硬编码后，发送至服务器进程(222.222.222.222, 9999);
二、Linux服务器接收音视频
音频接收程序：./audios -rp 8888 -sp 8899 -i 239.255.1.2;
视频接收程序：./videos -rp 9999 -sp 9988 -i 239.255.1.2;
音频接收程序，接收原始音频帧，并发送至组播(239.255.1.2, 8899);
视频接收程序，接收264视频帧，并发送至组播(239.255.1.2, 9988);
三、ffserver流媒体服务器搭建
1. ffserver的配置文件：ffserver.conf
配置文件如：
####################################################################
# Port on which the server is listening. You must select a different
# port from your standard HTTP web server if it is running on the same
# computer.
HTTPPort 8090
# Address on which the server is bound. Only useful if you have
# several network interfaces.
HTTPBindAddress 0.0.0.0
# Number of simultaneous HTTP connections that can be handled. It has
# to be defined *before* the MaxClients parameter, since it defines the
# MaxClients maximum limit.
MaxHTTPConnections 2000
# Number of simultaneous requests that can be handled. Since FFServer
# is very fast, it is more likely that you will want to leave this high
# and use MaxBandwidth, below.
MaxClients 1000
# This the maximum amount of kbit/sec that you are prepared to
# consume when streaming to clients.
MaxBandwidth 1000
# Access log file (uses standard Apache log file format)
# '-' is the standard output.
CustomLog -
######################################################################
######################################################################
# Definition of the live feeds. Each live feed contains one video
# and/or audio sequence coming from an ffmpeg encoder or another
# ffserver. This sequence may be encoded simultaneously with several
# codecs at several resolutions.
# You must use 'ffmpeg' to send a live feed to ffserver. In this
# example, you can type:
#
# ffmpeg http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm
# ffserver can also do time shifting. It means that it can stream any
# previously recorded live stream. The request should contain:
# "http://xxxx?date=[YYYY-MM-DDT][[HH:]MM:]SS[.m...]".You must specify
# a path where the feed is stored on disk. You also specify the
# maximum size of the feed, where zero means unlimited. Default:
# File=/tmp/feed_name.ffm FileMaxSize=5M
File feed1.ffm
FileMaxSize 5M
# You could specify
# ReadOnlyFile /saved/specialvideo.ffm
# This marks the file as readonly and it will not be deleted or updated.
# Specify launch in order to start ffmpeg automatically.
# First ffmpeg must be defined with an appropriate path if needed,
# after that options can follow, but avoid adding the http:// field
#Launch ffmpeg
# Only allow connections from localhost to the feed.
ACL allow 127.0.0.1
File feed2.ffm
FileMaxSize 5M
ACL allow 127.0.0.1
#########################################################################
#########################################################################
# live streams
# flv video + audio stream
#Stream：每一个广播（转换后的视频流）的转码设置项目
Format flv #视频流格式
Feed feed1.ffm #视频流的种子来源
VideoFrameRate 25 #视频帧频
VideoBitRate 200 #视频比特率
VideoGopSize 28
VideoSize 480x272 #视频帧大小
AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
AudioBitRate 64
AudioChannels 2
AudioSampleRate 44100
AVOptionAudio flags +global_header
StartSendOnKey
# mp3 audio stream
Format mp3
Feed feed2.ffm
AudioBitRate 64
AudioChannels 2
AudioSampleRate 44100
AVOptionAudio flags +global_header
NoVideo
# swf video stream
# #Stream：每一个广播（转换后的视频流）的转码设置项目
# Format swf #视频流格式
# Feed feed3.ffm #视频流的种子来源
# VideoFrameRate 25 #视频帧频
# VideoBitRate 200 #视频比特率
# VideoGopSize 28
# VideoSize 480x272 #视频帧大小
# AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
# NoAudio
#
# webm video + audio stream
# #Stream：每一个广播（转换后的视频流）的转码设置项目
# Format webm #视频流格式
# Feed feed1.ffm #视频流的种子来源
# AudioCodec vorbis
# AudioBitRate 64
# VideoCodec libvpx
# VideoFrameRate 25 #视频帧频
# VideoBitRate 200 #视频比特率
# VideoGopSize 28
# VideoSize 480x272 #视频帧大小
# AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
# AVOptionVideo cpu-used 0
# AVOptionVideo qmin 10
# AVOptionVideo qmax 42
# AVOptionAudio flags +global_header
# PreRoll 15
# StartSendOnKey
#
# Ogg Vorbis audio
#
# Format ogg
# Feed feed2.ffm
# Metadata title "Stream title"
# AudioBitRate 64
# AudioChannels 2
# AudioSampleRate 44100
# NoVideo
#
########################################################################
########################################################################
# local streams
File "dengZiQi.flv"
Format flv
File "Sugar.flv"
Format flv
#########################################################################
#########################################################################
# Server status
Format status
# Only allow local people to get the status
ACL allow 127.0.0.1
ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
#FaviconURL http://pond1.gladstonefamily.net:8080/favicon.ico
#########################################################################
#########################################################################
# Redirect index.html to the appropriate site
URL http://www.ffmpeg.org/
######################################################################### 其中，
local streams下的都是本地文件，ffserver支持本地文件的点播。
关于播放，swf是flash支持的格式，几乎所有的浏览器都支持播放此格式视频；flv是最为流行的网络视频格式，但一般情况下，浏览器不支持该格式视频直接播放，需安装插件，这里采用vlc插件：http://www.videolan.org/；webm是最新的html5支持的视频格式，此格式视频可以在chrome浏览器和firefox浏览器中直接播放；mp3、wav等音频格式可以在浏览器中直接播放。
2. ffserver启动命令：
#! /bin/sh
./ffserver -f ./ffserver.conf四、ffserver实现视频点播
在ffserver.conf中加入如下命令：
File "dengZiQi.flv"
Format flv
五、向ffserver接入音视频流，实现视频直播
1. 从组播中接入实时音视频流并转码封装
./ffmpeg -f s16le -ar 44100 -ac 1 -i udp://239.255.1.2:8899 -i udp://239.255.1.2:9988 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed1.ffm
前面udp流是音频流(udp地址为上述组播地址)；中间udp流是视频流(udp地址为上述组播地址)；后面http流是根据ffserver.conf进行转码并封装后的特定格式音视频流(http地址为远程ffserver服务器地址)，它存储在ffserver的feed1.ffm缓冲文件中。这里，由于接收的是原始音频流，所以采用pcm_s16le压缩编码，采样率为44.1k，单声道；而视频流本身已经采用H.264压缩编码了，不再采用其他压缩编码。
2. 从组播中接入实时音频流
./ffmpeg -f s16le -ar 44100 -ac 1 -i udp://239.255.1.2:8899 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed2.ffm
3. 从组播中接入实时视频流
./ffmpeg -i udp://239.255.1.2:9988 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed3.ffm
4. 从本地文件中接入音视频流
./ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.mp3 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed4.ffm
5. 录制屏幕接入音视频流
./ffmpeg -f x11grab -r 25 -s 640x512 -i :0.0 -f alsa -i pulse http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed5.ffm
6. 从摄像头获取视频麦克风获取音频接入音视频流
./ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -s 640x480 -r 25 -i /dev/video0 -f alsa -i pulse http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed6.ffm
命令如：
#! /bin/sh
exec ./audios -rp 8888 -sp 8899 -i 239.255.1.2 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &
exec ./videos -rp 9999 -sp 9988 -i 239.255.1.2 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &
exec ./ffmpeg -f s16le -ar 44100 -ac 1 -i udp://239.255.1.2:8899 -i udp://239.255.1.2:9988 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed1.ffm 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &
exec ./ffmpeg -f s16le -ar 44100 -ac 1 -i udp://239.255.1.2:8899 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed2.ffm 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &
exec ./ffmpeg -i udp://239.255.1.2:9988 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed3.ffm 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &六、其他命令
1. 分离音视频流
./ffmpeg -i demo.mkv -vcodec copy -an demo.mp4 ## 分离出视频流
./ffmpeg -i demo.mkv -acodec copy -vn demo.mp3 ## 分离出音频流2. 视频解复用
./ffmpeg -i demo.mp4 -vcodec copy -an -f m4v demo.2643. 音视频封装
./ffmpeg -i demo.mp4 -i demo.mp3 -vcodec copy -acodec copy demo.mkv转载地址：http://blog.csdn.net/zuijinhaoma8/article/details/45826001