linux基础环境安装笔记 阿里 CentOS

linux环境安装

一、linux软件源配置–阿里CentOS镜像安装

1. 阿里镜像下载地址:https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror
2. 下载命令:
1、备份
    mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup 
    
2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/ 

CentOS 5
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
    或者 curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
    或者 curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
3.JDK安装
传统安装方式:
1.清理系统默认自带的jdk
   rpm -qa | grep jdk  
2.下载JDK
   登录网址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.htm
3. 在usr目录下建立java安装目录
  cd /usr
  mkdir java
4. 将jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz拷贝到java目录下
5. 解压jdk到当前目录
   tar -zxvf jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz
   得到文件夹 jdk1.8.0_60
6. 编辑配置文件,配置环境变量
  vim /etc/profile
  
    添加如下内容:JAVA_HOME根据实际目录来
    JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_60
    CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
    PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
    export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH
7. 重启机器或执行命令 :source /etc/profile
   sudo shutdown -r now
  
8. 查看安装情况
   java -version
yum安装:
1.查看yum库中都有哪些jdk版本(暂时只发现了openjdk)
  yum search java|grep jdk
2.选择版本安装JDK
  yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk
4.Tomcat安装
1.下载Tomcat
http://tomcat.apache.org/官网下载Core: tar.gz (pgp, sha512)
apache-tomcat-8.0.53.tar.gz

2.解压apache-tomcat-8.0.50.tar.gz
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.0.50.tar.gz

3.进入tomcat安装bin目录并启动
cd usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/bin/
./startup.sh

成功启动后浏览器输入curl http://localhost:8080/查看信息,最后再通过远程访问
5.Maven安装
1.进入一个目录
  cd /usr/local
2.创建一个文件夹
  mkdir maven
3.下载maven的tar包
  wget http://mirror.reverse.net/pub/apache/maven/maven-3/3.5.4/binaries/apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz
4.解压tar包
  tar -xvf apache-maven-3.5.2-bin.tar.gz
5.配置环境变量
 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_60
 export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/maven/apache-maven-3.5.2
 export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
 export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$PATH
6.vsftpd文件服务器安装与配置
1. 卸载vsftpd
  sudo yum remove vsftpd
2. 安装vsftpd
 sudo yum install vsftpd
3. 创建vsftpd文件夹
 cd /
 sudo mkdir ftpfile
 cd ftpfile
4. 创建对该ftpfile文件夹有权限的用户
 sudo useradd ftpuser -d /ftpfile/ -s /sbin/nologin
5. 赋予该文件夹读写权限
 sudo chown -R ftpuser.ftpuser /ftpfile/
6. 查看已创建的ftp权限
 cd ..
 ll | grep ftp
7. 重置密码
 sudo passwd ftpuser
8. 创建ftpfile.html文件
 sudo vim index.html
 填写内容比如:here is ftp file
9. 查找vsftpd
 whereis vsftpd
10.修改vsftpd
 sudo vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
11. 查找并创建以下
 local_enable=YES
 write_enable=YES
 local_umask=022
 dirmessage_enable=YES
 xferlog_enable=YES
 connect_from_port_20=YES
 xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
 idle_session_timeout=600
 data_connection_timeout=6
 listen=YES
 listen_port=21
 allow_writeable_chroot=YES
 local_root=/home/www
 chroot_local_user=YES
 chroot_list_enable=YES
 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
 userlist_enable=YES
 userlist_deny=YES
 userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
 pasv_enable=YES
 pasv_min_port=10240
 pasv_max_port=10260
 pam_service_name=vsftpd
 guest_enable=YES
 guest_username=ftpuser
 virtual_use_local_privs=YES
 user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_user_conf
 reverse_lookup_enable=NO
12. 执行以下命令:
 sudo cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
 看到名字为chroot_list路径为/etc/vsftpd/,然后:
 cd /etc/vsftpd/
 sudo vim chroot_list
13. 重启vsftpd
 sudo service vsftpd restart
14. 配置防火墙
  1.关闭防火墙(重启后不生效)
    systemctl stop firewalld.service
  2.禁用防火墙(永久关闭)
    systemctl disable firewalld.service
    如果不关闭防火墙的话,我们可以把ftp服务添加了防火墙外
  3.开放ftp服务添加到防火墙外
    firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ftp
  4.使其生效
    firewall-cmd --reload
  5.重启防火墙
    systemctl restart firewalld.service
  6.防火墙的配置
    sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
    添加一下配置到防火墙(最好加到前面)
    -A INPUT -p TCP --dport 61001:62000 -j ACCEPT
    -A OUTPUT -p TCP --sport 61001:62000 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p TCP --dport 20 -j ACCEPT
    -A OUTPUT -p TCP --sport 20 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p TCP --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
    -A OUTPUT -p TCP --sport 21 -j ACCEPT
    wq保存退出 sudo service iptables restart 重启防火墙
  # 以上仅供参考
   7.云环境端口暴露21/22
   8.通过ftp://********访问ftp服务器
7.Windows下配置FTP Server,
下载并执行FTP Server,然后直接访问
8.Nginx安装
1. 安装依赖库
 sudo yum install gcc-c++
 sudo yum install pcre pcre-devel
 sudo yum install zlib zlib-devel
 sudo yum install openssl openssl-devel
2.安装nginx
 1.1在线安装
 sudo yum install -y nginx
      如果无法安装:
       centos 7
      wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
       或者
      curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
      然后 yum install epel-release 
 1.2解压安装
  官网下载稳定版本nginx-1.14.0  pgp
  http://nginx.org/en/download.html
  --> nginx-1.14.0.tar
  tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
 1.3安装
  进入nginx-1.14.0  cd /nginx-1.14.0
  执行./configure
  执行./make
  执行./make install
  执行:whereis nginx
  执行:cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
  执行:./nginx启动
  执行:ps aux|grep nginx查看进程
 1.4配置Nginx域名转发
   在etc/nginx/.conf下配置jindian.ai-gogo.cn.conf
   server {
            server_name  jindian.ai-gogo.cn;
            access_log  /var/log/nginx/mule.access.log  main;
        
             location /{
                proxy_pass http://localhost:10001/;
            }
             location /product/{
               proxy_pass http://localhost:30001/;
            }
        
            listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
            ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/jindian.ai-gogo.cn/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
            ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/jindian.ai-gogo.cn/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
            include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
            ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
        }
        server {
            if ($host = jindian.ai-gogo.cn) {
                return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
            } # managed by Certbot
            listen 80;
            return 404; # managed by Certbot
        }
    1.5 重启nginx
        cd /sbin目录
        sudo ./nginx -s reload
9.MySQL 安装
1. 执行yum -y install mysql-server
2. rpm -qa|grep mysql-server
3. 查看默认配置文件:/etc/my.cnf
4. 字符集配置vim /etc/my.cnf
    default-character-set=utf8
    character-set-server=utf8
    注意版本
5. 自启动配置
   1.chkconfig mysqld on(设置自启动)
   2.chkconfig --list mysqld(查看2-5位都是on)
6. 命令启动
  service mysqld start
注意
账号权限控制:
      dql:select
      dml: insert & update
      ddl: create view & create table
      dcl: grant
10.git安装
1.官网下载git
 https://github.com/git/git/releases
 wget https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.8.0.tar.gz
2.安装git依赖
 sudo yum -y install zlib-devel openssl-devel cpio expat-devel gettext-devel curl-devel perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
3.解压进入git文件夹
  tar -zxvf git-v2.8.0.tar.gz
  cd git-2.8.0/
4.进行编译
  sudo make prefix=/usr/local all
5.执行安装
  sudo make prefix=/usr/local install
6.验证安装版本
  git -version
7.创建目录gitdown
  mkdir gitdownload
8.clone相关代码
  git clone [email protected]:imooccode/mmall.git
 注:如果没有下载权限,需要设置秘钥
    ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"
    ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 查看秘钥
    复制控制台的秘钥到码云或git hub
11.创建user,并给权限
aliyun:
1. 创建用户
  
   登录root账户
   $ useradd username
   $ password username
2. 改变权限

   $ chmod a+w /etc/sudoers
   $ vi /etc/sudoers
    # 然后添加  
      username ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL 
      到 root ALL ** 下
   $ chmod a-w /etc/sudoers
centos7
 1. 创建用户
  
   登录root账户
   $ useradd username
   $ passwd username
12. 使用yum安装docker
1. 移除旧的版本:
  $ sudo yum remove docker \
              docker-client \
              docker-client-latest \
              docker-common \
              docker-latest \
              docker-latest-logrotate \
              docker-logrotate \
              docker-selinux \
              docker-engine-selinux \
              docker-engine
2. 安装一些必要的系统工具:
  sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
3. 添加软件源信息:
  sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
4. 更新 yum 缓存:
  sudo yum makecache fast
5.安装 Docker-ce:
  sudo systemctl start docker
6.测试运行 hello-world
  docker run hello-world
13. Docker 安装 Tomcat
1.拉取官方的镜像
  docker pull tomcat
2.查到REPOSITORY为tomcat的镜像
  docker image|grep tomcat
3.创建Dockerfile

首先,创建目录tomcat,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/tomcat/webapps ~/tomcat/logs ~/tomcat/conf

14. Docker 安装Jenkins
  • a.拉取docker jenkins镜像
     docker pull jenkinsci/blueocean
    
  • b.新建Dockerfile
     touch Dockerfile
    vim Dockerfile
    
  • c.加入以下内容:
FROM jenkins
USER root
#清除了基础镜像设置的源,切换成腾讯云的jessie源
#使用非腾讯云环境的需要将 aliyun 改为 aliyun
RUN echo '' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie-backports.list \
  && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian jessie main contrib non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list \
  && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian jessie-updates main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
  && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security jessie/updates main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
#更新源并安装缺少的包
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y libltdl7 && apt-get update

ARG dockerGid=999

RUN echo "docker:x:${dockerGid}:jenkins" >> /etc/group 

# 安装 docker-compose 因为等下构建环境的需要
RUN curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.16.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  • d.创建jenkins的docker镜像
docker build . -t auto-jenkins
  • e.创建映射目录
mkdir -p /home/jarries/jenkins
  • f.通过docker启动jenkins
sudo docker run --name jenkins -p 30010:8080 -p 50000:50000     -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock     -v $(which docker):/bin/docker     -v jenkins-data:/home/jarries/jenkins    -d auto-jenkins
  • g.远程登录Jenkins(访问http://<你的ip>:8080访问Jenkins。如果无法访问请检查系统防火墙、云的安全组设置。)
http://47.95.119.34:30010/login
  • h.查看到需要的密码
首选进入容器:

docker exec -it jenkins /bin/bash
然后查看密码:

cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword
  • i.复制输出的内容,粘贴到Administrator password,输入 exit 退出容器,此时进行下一步你会看到此界面,点击 Install suggested plugins(等待安装完毕,如果有插件安装失败,不用紧张,安装结束之后会有"Retry”重试选项,点击重试即可。)
  • j.参考网站
http://www.cnblogs.com/stulzq/p/8627360.html

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