春节前后,区块链再次刷爆我们的朋友圈,关注区块链的人正在以几何数集上升。大潮来临,一切都不同了,身怀绝技的程序员有了大展宏图的历史性机会,程序员们,是时候,毅然决然,懂点区块链技术了。
本文列举了关于区块链和数字加密技术的文章和资源,分为以下几个部分:构建区块和基础;基础(和历史);关键概念——包括特定课题(例如区块链治理);隐私和安全;扩展;共识算法、加密货币经济和投资;资金筹集和通证分布;去中心化交易所;稳定货币;加密货币经济原生产品(数字加密收藏品、管理市场、游戏)。最后,文章还提供了开发者教程、实践教程和人物事迹,以及其他资源,例如时事新闻和课程。干货满满哦!
构建区块和基础
区块链是啥?——回答其定义之前先理解它解决什么问题
Mohit Mamoria
https://hackernoon.com/wtf-is-the-blockchain-1da89ba19348
想知道比特币(和其他加密货币)的工作原理吗?
3Blue1Brown
https://youtu.be/bBC-nXj3Ng4
比特币协议的工作原理
Michael Nielsen
http://www.michaelnielsen.org/ddi/how-the-bitcoin-protocol-actually-works/
25分钟了解以太坊
Vitalik Buterin
https://youtu.be/66SaEDzlmP4
以太坊的工作原理:绕过复杂的数学解释以太坊在技术层面上的工作原理
Preethi Kasireddy
https://medium.com/@preethikasireddy/how-does-ethereum-work-anyway-22d1df506369
从比特币到区块链再到ICO,带您解开加密货币的奥秘
Alex Rampell
https://a16z.com/2017/12/08/summit-crypto-alex-rampell/
加密哈希函数:加密哈希函数的定义、属性……
Khan Academy
https://youtu.be/0WiTaBI82Mc
区块链入门:账本基础知识,区块链的重要性
Chris Berg、Sinclair Davidson、and Jason Potts
https://medium.com/@cryptoeconomics/the-blockchain-economy-a-beginners-guide-to-institutional-cryptoeconomics-64bf2f2beec4
以太坊基本术语:从gas到dapps(分布式应用)
Matt Condon
https://medium.com/@mattcondon/getting-up-to-speed-on-ethereum-63ed28821bbe
区块链及加密货币基本术语库:部分术语附简短定义
https://tangelo.co/insights/blog/techs-must-have-reference-guide-to-blockchain-and-cryptocurrency
加密资产入门指南系列:从以太坊到莱特币
Linda Xie
https://medium.com/@linda.xie/beginners-guide-series-on-cryptoassets-d897535d887
基础与历史
比特币白皮书(2009):一种点对点的电子现金系统
中本聪
https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
以太坊白皮书(2013+):下一代智能合约和去中心化应用平台
Vitalik Buterin等人
https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper
拜占庭将军问题(1982)
Leslie Lamport、Robert Shostak、Marshall Pease
https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~luca/cs174/byzantine.pdf
Agoric论文系列(1988)
Mark Miller and K. Eric Drexler
https://e-drexler.com/d/09/00/AgoricsPapers/agoricpapers.html
智能合约理念(1997)
Nick Szabo
http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/idea.html
比特币为何如此重要(2014)
Marc Andreessen
https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/01/21/why-bitcoin-matters/
比特币的学术渊源(2017)
Arvind Narayanan and Jeremy Clark
https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3136559
重要概念
漫谈比特币泡沫
Steven Johnson
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/16/magazine/beyond-the-bitcoin-bubble.html
加密通证:开放式网络设计的一个突破
Chris Dixon
https://medium.com/@cdixon/crypto-tokens-a-breakthrough-in-open-network-design-e600975be2ef
加密通证和协议创新时代的到来
Albert Wenger
http://continuations.com/post/148098927445/crypto-tokens-and-the-coming-age-of-protocol
“胖”协议
Joel Monegro
https://www.usv.com/blog/fat-protocols
加密货币、应用货币及协议投资
Olaf Carson-Wee、Chris Dixon和Sonal Chokshi
https://a16z.com/2017/04/03/cryptocurrencies-protocols-appcoins/
让应用用于大众
Juan Benet and Chris Dixon
https://a16z.com/2017/09/14/networks-protocols-labs-tokens/
区块链:好在哪里: 包括智能合约
Ed Felten
http://freedom-to-tinker.com/2018/02/26/blockchain-what-is-it-good-for/
美国政府如何利用区块链打击诈骗
Kathryn Haun
https://youtu.be/507wn9VcSAE
Bitcoin network effects比特币网络效应
Elad Gil
http://blog.eladgil.com/2017/12/bitcoin-network-effects_11.html
管理员:维护区块链网络的工作者(如果设计合理的话,通证可以通过激励预期行为发挥驱动网络效应的作用)
Ryan Zurrer
https://medium.com/@rzurrer/keepers-workers-that-maintain-blockchain-networks-a40182615b66
加密货币背后的主人:Nick Szabo对话Naval Ravikant
Tim Ferris
https://tim.blog/2017/06/04/nick-szabo/
加密通证为何重要
Fred Ehrsam、Chris Dixon
https://a16z.com/2017/09/28/cryptocurrencies-networks-tokens/
比特币为什么难以“获得”:区块链世界
Dhruv Bansal
https://blog.unchained-capital.com/blockchain-spectrum-806847e1c575
金钱、区块链和社会可扩展性
Nick Szabo
http://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2017/02/money-blockchains-and-social-scalability.html
如何理解“区块链是无情的”?
Preethi Kasireddy
https://medium.com/@preethikasireddy/eli5-what-do-we-mean-by-blockchains-are-trustless-aa420635d5f6
去中心化为什么重要:从因特网时代到加密网络时代
Chris Dixon
https://medium.com/@cdixon/why-decentralization-matters-5e3f79f7638e
去中心化的含义:去中心化是指什么?细微差别,深度
Vitalik Buterin
https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274
量化去中心化:我们必须在能够改进去中心化之前实现对区块链去中心化的衡量
Balaji Srinivasan、Leland Lee
https://news.earn.com/quantifying-decentralization-e39db233c28e
区块链的真相:给出区块链应用框架,帮助大企业高管理解区块链发展状态;战略投资;挑战,资源和区块链应用流程
Marco Iansiti、Karim Lakhani
https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-truth-about-blockchain
企业的慢速死亡
Nick Tomaino
https://thecontrol.co/the-slow-death-of-the-firm-1bd6cc81286b
以太坊的创造者Vitalik Buterin——思想大解放:区块链和加密货币世界的奇思妙想
Laura Shin
https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/unchained-big-ideas-from-worlds-blockchain-cryptocurrency/id1123922160
理解通证的思维模式
Nick Tomaino、Chris Dixon
https://a16z.com/2018/01/21/mental-models-tokens-crypto-trends/
区块链治理
非理性通证持有者的迷思:为什么区块链治理不属于任何现有模型
Kathleen Breitman
https://medium.com/@kathleenbreit/the-myth-of-the-irrational-token-holder-c12438709afd
区块链治理:设计组件、方法、建议
Fred Ehrsam
https://medium.com/@FEhrsam/blockchain-governance-programming-our-future-c3bfe30f2d74
反对链上治理:反驳(及批判)上文
Vlad Zamfir
https://medium.com/@Vlad_Zamfir/against-on-chain-governance-a4ceacd040ca
论区块链治理和网络效应
Luke Duncan
https://blog.aragon.one/thoughts-on-governance-and-network-effects-f40fda3e3f98
区块链治理笔记
Vitalik Buterin
http://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/17/voting.html
自我进化的加密账本:Tezos论文
Arthur、Kathleen Breitman
https://www.tezos.com/static/papers/position_paper.pdf
隐私和安全
区块链的隐私问题
Vitalik Buterin
https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/01/15/privacy-on-the-blockchain/
保护智能协议(系列):Solidity的6个漏洞隐患以及如何避免
来源:Loom
https://medium.com/loom-network/how-to-secure-your-smart-contracts-6-solidity-vulnerabilities-and-how-to-avoid-them-part-1-c33048d4d17d
https://medium.com/loom-network/how-to-secure-your-smart-contracts-6-solidity-vulnerabilities-and-how-to-avoid-them-part-2-730db0aa4834
以太坊智能协议最佳实践
ConsenSys Diligence
https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/
Town Crier:智能协议的一个经验证的数据馈送系统
Fan Zhang、Ethan Cecchetti、Kyle Croman、Ari Juels、Elaine Shi
https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/168.pdf
Devcon3专家组对形式化验证的讨论
Phil Daian、Everett Hildenbrandt、Yoichi Hirai、Loi Luu, 主持人:Reto Trinkler
https://youtu.be/DrDIcirrhWM
zk-SNARKs是什么?
Jay Graber
https://z.cash/technology/zksnarks.html
Zk-SNARKs背后的技术(系列):掌握zk-SNARKs(全称 Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge,即"简明非交互零知识证明")的基础知识
Vitalik Buterin
https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/zk-snarks-under-the-hood-b33151a013f6
可应用于多种场景(从可验证计算到保护隐私的加密货币)的通用技术
Vitalik Buterin
https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/11/09/starks_part_1.html
可扩展、透明、后量子加密计算完整性:用透明的zk-SNARKs (zk-STARKs)解决个人隐私和机构诚信之间的冲突
Eli Ben-Sasson, Iddo Bentov, Yinon Horesh, and Michael Riabzev
https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/046.pdf
简洁非交互式零知识证明的冯诺伊曼体系结构
Eli Ben-Sasson、Alessandro Chiesa、Eran Tromer和Madars Virza
https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/879.pdf
扩展
区块链无法扩展:至少现在不能,但是有希望
Preethi Kasireddy
https://hackernoon.com/blockchains-dont-scale-not-today-at-least-but-there-s-hope-2cb43946551a
扩展不可靠计算的模型
Kyle Samani
https://multicoin.capital/2018/02/23/models-scaling-trustless-computation/
平台货币不久将被淘汰:笔者认为五年之内市值最高的加密货币将成为一种应用通证
Aleksandr Bulkin
https://blog.coinfund.io/platform-currencies-may-soon-be-obsolete-78d9b263d902
Layer 2的重要性:比特币和区块链的一个超文本传送协议(HTTP)
Elizabeth Stark
https://youtu.be/3PcR4HWJnkY
闪电网络是什么,如何用它扩展比特币?
by Elizabeth Stark
https://coincenter.org/entry/what-is-the-lightning-network
理解以太坊Layer 2的扩展方法:状态通道、Plasma和Truebit
Josh Stark
https://medium.com/l4-media/making-sense-of-ethereums-layer-2-scaling-solutions-state-channels-plasma-and-truebit-22cb40dcc2f4
扩展Tezos:用递归SNARKs(知识的简洁非交互式零知识证明)进行扩展
Arthur Breitman
https://hackernoon.com/scaling-tezo-8de241dd91bd
以太坊基金研究项目:纯研究和应用研究领域的主要课题
Ethereum Foundation
http://notes.eth.sg/CwIwZgbAjADAxgUwLQEMUIKxOCsWCcIEwShAHCgEwJj4qyVA
以太坊可扩展性研究和开发补贴计划
Vitalik Buterin
https://blog.ethereum.org/2018/01/02/ethereum-scalability-research-development-subsidy-programs/
以太坊入门指南
Tendermint
https://blog.cosmos.network/a-beginners-guide-to-ethermint-38ee15f8a6f4
plasma链0x1的构造
David Knott
https://blog.omisego.network/construction-of-a-plasma-chain-0x1-614f6ebd1612
以太坊中的账户、交易、gas和区块gas限制
Hudson Jameson
https://hudsonjameson.com/2017-06-27-accounts-transactions-gas-ethereum/
Interplanetary linked计算:将Merkle计算从区块链计算场(computational courts)中分离出来:
Simon de la Rouviere
https://media.consensys.net/interplanetary-linked-computing-separating-merkle-computing-from-blockchain-computational-courts-1ade201ecf8a
以太坊分片:概述和最终确定性
Hsiao-Wei Wang
https://medium.com/@icebearhww/ethereum-sharding-and-finality-65248951f649
共识算法
共识算法的计较:Casper vs. Tendermint;Tendermint BFT vs. EOS dPoS:
来源:Tendermint
https://blog.cosmos.network/consensus-compare-casper-vs-tendermint-6df154ad56ae
https://blog.cosmos.network/consensus-compare-tendermint-bft-vs-eos-dpos-46c5bca7204b
以太坊 Casper 101
Jon Choi
https://medium.com/@jonchoi/ethereum-casper-101-7a851a4f1eb0
Casper的历史(系列)
Vlad Zamfir
https://medium.com/@Vlad_Zamfir/the-history-of-casper-part-1-59233819c9a9
比特币和以太坊的去中心化
Adem Efe Gencer、Soumya Basu、Ittay Eyal、Robbert van Renesse、Emin Gün Sirer
http://hackingdistributed.com/2018/01/15/decentralization-bitcoin-ethereum/
在共识上寻找共识:DPOS(委任权益证明)和两将军问题
Ian Grigg
https://steemit.com/eos/@iang/seeking-consensus-on-consensus-dpos-or-delegated-proof-of-stake-and-the-two-generals-problem
状态设计理念的证明
Vitalik Buterin
https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/a-proof-of-stake-design-philosophy-506585978d51
通胀和参与基于股份的通证协议
Doug Petkanics
https://medium.com/@petkanics/inflation-and-participation-in-stake-based-token-protocols-1593688612bf
加密货币和投资
理解加密货币:术语和概念
Josh Stark
https://hackernoon.com/making-sense-of-cryptoeconomics-5edea77e4e8d
应用机制设计速成课:理解cryptoeconomic的基本技术
来源:BlockChannel
https://medium.com/blockchannel/a-crash-course-in-mechanism-design-for-cryptoeconomic-applications-a9f06ab6a976
加密资产估值:加密资产估值理论和框架
Chris Burniske
https://medium.com/@cburniske/cryptoasset-valuations-ac83479ffca7
一位(机构)投资人对加密资产的理解
John Pfeffer
https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/john-pfeffer/An+Investor%27s+Take+on+Cryptoassets+v6.pdf
对之前留言的评论:网络效应?货币的特性的可编程性
Kyle Samani
https://twitter.com/KyleSamani/status/943277077037506560
价值、velocity和货币理论:估值加密资产的一种新方法
Alex Evans
https://medium.com/blockchannel/on-value-velocity-and-monetary-theory-a-new-approach-to-cryptoasset-valuations-32c9b22e3b6f
交易媒介通证估值
Vitalik Buterin
http://vitalik.ca/general/2017/10/17/moe.html
理解通证velocity
Kyle Samani
https://multicoin.capital/2017/12/08/understanding-token-velocity/
新通证估值流程
Nick Tomaino
https://thecontrol.co/our-process-for-evaluating-new-tokens-4627ed97f500
通证分类框架:用于理解和分类加密通证的多维工具
Thomas Euler
http://www.untitled-inc.com/the-token-classification-framework-a-multi-dimensional-tool-for-understanding-and-classifying-crypto-tokens/
胖协议不是投资命题
Jake Brukhman
https://blog.coinfund.io/fat-protocols-are-not-an-investment-thesis-17c8837c2734
有利益在其中的比特币
Ryan Selkis
https://medium.com/tbis-weekly-bits/skin-in-the-game-coins-da0afdfdc650
资金筹集和通证分布
对通证的思考
Balaji Srinivasan
https://news.earn.com/thoughts-on-tokens-436109aabcbe
资助区块链的进化
Fred Ehrsam
https://medium.com/@FEhrsam/funding-the-evolution-of-blockchains-87d160988481
用于众筹的比特币模型
Naval Ravikant
https://startupboy.com/2014/03/09/the-bitcoin-model-for-crowdfunding/
如何为经济网络构建 bonding curve:搭建健康社区的一种新的通证分布机制,这是一篇技术入门文章
Slava Balasanov
https://hackernoon.com/how-to-make-bonding-curves-for-continuous-token-models-3784653f8b17
将股份通证(staking token)从费用通证中分离出来:介绍Photon(Hard Spoon解释的)
Tendermint
https://blog.cosmos.network/cosmos-fee-token-introducing-the-photon-8a62b2f51aa
解释DAICOs
Vitalik Buterin
https://ethresear.ch/t/explanation-of-daicos/465
The SAFT Project
https://saftproject.com/
监管环境和考虑因素:Coin Center提供的更新和解释
https://coincenter.org/our-work
去中心化交易所
去中心化交易所的发展状态(2018)
Nathan Sexer
https://media.consensys.net/state-of-decentralized-exchanges-2018-276dad340c79
网络式资产流动性(Networked liquidity):解决“鸡生蛋蛋生鸡”问题的项目
Radar Relay
https://medium.com/radarrelay/networked-liquidity-2030d85af897
去中心化交易所名单:加密货币和通证(不包括表示去中心化程度的column)
https://github.com/PYMERVAL/decentradexchange
Stablecoins
Stablecoins:数字货币的圣杯
Nick Tomaino
https://thecontrol.co/stablecoins-a-holy-grail-in-digital-currency-b64f3371e111
Stablecoins概论
Myles Snider
https://multicoin.capital/2018/01/17/an-overview-of-stablecoins/
寻找稳定的加密货币
Vitalik Buterin
https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/11/11/search-stable-cryptocurrency/
小白入门:直白解释Dai stablecoin
Gregory DiPrisco
https://medium.com/cryptolinks/maker-for-dummies-a-plain-english-explanation-of-the-dai-stablecoin-e4481d79b90
加密货币入门
通证词典:与管理市场和加密收藏品相关的流行词
Billy Rennekamp
https://medium.com/@billyrennekamp/token-lexicon-b4ed9a4ce363
介绍管理市场:表情包(memes)和信息的交易流行度(附有代码!)
Simon de la Rouviere
https://medium.com/@simondlr/introducing-curation-markets-trade-popularity-of-memes-information-with-code-70bf6fed9881
管理市场:(系列推文)——管理市场的总结和启示
Fred Ehrsam
https://twitter.com/FEhrsam/status/958388803655184386
管理市场的初期UI(系列推文):目录和一些使用市场管理人类可阅读信息的项目
Jesse Walden
https://twitter.com/jessewldn/status/958733889643696128
通证组织注册表(Token-curated registries):对通证组织注册表的严肃看法(较少涉及数学)
Mike Goldin
https://medium.com/@ilovebagels/token-curated-registries-1-0-61a232f8dac7
在以太网区块链上构建「经济网络的Google」
Maciej Olpinski
https://blog.userfeeds.io/building-google-for-the-economic-web-on-the-ethereum-blockchain-de27cb3d23b
智能媒体通证
来源:Steemit
https://smt.steem.io/smt-whitepaper.pdf
死不了的数字宠物
Elaine Ou
https://elaineou.com/2017/12/03/digital-pets-that-dont-die/
数字加密货币会成为艺术市场的下一个宠儿吗?
Scott Reyburn
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/13/arts/cryptocurrency-art-market.html
数字收藏品和“数字产品(digibles)的怪异未来”
Josh Stark
https://hackernoon.com/digital-collectibles-and-the-weird-future-of-digibles-f75f4bf0f9aa
数字收藏品是XLNT,没人知道接下来是什么
Matt Condon
https://medium.com/xlnt-art/cryptocollectibles-are-xlnt-but-nobody-knows-whats-next-a7892b311637
异想天开:当把数字加密资产与表情包和交易卡结合起来会发生什么
Fred Wilson
http://avc.com/2017/05/rare-pepe/
开发者教程、实践指南和人物事迹
通过打造你自己的游戏来学习编码以太坊去中心化应用(dapps):适合(即使从未用Solidity编程过的)Solidity初学者学习
https://cryptozombies.io/
如何在以太坊上编码你自己的数字加密宠物猫风格的游戏
James Martin Duffy
https://medium.com/loom-network/how-to-code-your-own-cryptokitties-style-game-on-ethereum-7c8ac86a4eb3
Learning Solidity — commit-reveal voting学习Solidity
Karl Floersch
https://karl.tech/learning-solidity-part-2-voting/
以太坊智能合约入门指南
Manuel Araoz
https://blog.zeppelin.solutions/the-hitchhikers-guide-to-smart-contracts-in-ethereum-848f08001f05
用实例带你入门zk-SNARKs:从实践的角度概述zk-SNARKs
Christian Lundkvist
https://media.consensys.net/introduction-to-zksnarks-with-examples-3283b554fc3b
zkSNARKs:初学者实践指南——教你如何创造、证明、验证合约的初学者实践指南
Joseph Stockermans
https://github.com/jstoxrocky/zksnarks_example
Epicenter:多个区块链项目负责人的访谈
https://epicenter.tv/episodes/
The Ceremony ——讲述Zcash、 Morgen Peck、Peter Todd、 Peter Van Valkenburgh、 Zooko Wilcox等人的故事;主持人:Molly Webster和Matt Kielty
http://www.radiolab.org/story/ceremony/
其他资源——时事新闻
以太坊一周新闻:跟踪报道以太坊生态系统的动态
Evan Van Ness
http://www.weekinethereum.com/
The Control:致力于将控制权交给普罗大众的企业家、项目和协议
1confirmation
https://www.getrevue.co/profile/control
Token Economy :追踪报道分布式账本技术发展动态
Stefano Bernardi、 Yannick Roux
https://tokeneconomy.co/
Proof of Work:项目和加密技术的进展以及中国在这方面的看法
Eric Meltzer
https://tinyletter.com/proofofwork/archive
课程资源
数字加密货币(2018)
Susan Athey 、Kathryn Haun
http://explorecourses.stanford.edu/search?view=catalog&filter-coursestatus-Active=on&q=MGTECON%20515:%20Cryptocurrency&academicYear=20172018
比特币和数字加密货币技术(2015)
Arvind Narayan、Joseph Bonneau、Edward Felten、Andrew Miller
https://piazza.com/princeton/spring2015/btctech/home
计算机科学前沿课题:比特币和数字加密货币技术(2014)
Arvind Narayan
http://randomwalker.info/teaching/fall-2014-bitcoin/
应用数字加密货币研究生课程(2017)
Dan Boneh、Victor Shoup
http://toc.cryptobook.us/