数据库恢复案例大全

仅仅丢失一个普通用户数据文件的恢复A(联机恢复)

（例如，丢失D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF）

准备工作, 通过下面的工作，如果完全恢复，应该可以看到；insert into test1 values(2);

SQL> conn lunar/lunar

SQL> select * from tab;

TESTBACKUP3 TABLE

SQL> create table test1 (a number);

SQL> insert into test1 values(1);

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> commit;

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> insert into test1 values(2);

SQL> commit;

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> conn internal

SQL> archive log list

数据库日志模式 存档模式

自动存档 启用

存档终点 d:BACKUPDBarchive

最早的概要信息日志序列 3

下一个存档日志序列 5

当前日志序列 5

shutdown abort关闭例程，模拟数据文件丢失

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

Mount数据库

SQL> startup mount

数据库装载完毕。

使损坏的数据文件脱机

SQL> alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' offline;

打开数据库

SQL> alter database open;

拷贝刚才热备的数据文件（USERS01.DBF）

恢复损坏的数据文件

SQL> recover datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF';

ORA-00279: ?? 424116 (? 10/20/2002 20:42:04 ??) ???? 1 ????

ORA-00289: ??: D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC

ORA-00280: ?? 424116 ???? 1 ???? # 1 ???

指定日志: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

ORA-00279: ?? 424125 (? 10/20/2002 20:44:14 ??) ???? 1 ????

ORA-00289: ??: D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC

ORA-00280: ?? 424125 ???? 1 ???? # 2 ???

ORA-00278: ??????????? 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC'

……………………..

已应用的日志。

完成介质恢复。

使恢复完成的数据文件联机

SQL> alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' online;

验证恢复的结果：完全恢复

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

SQL> select * from test1;

说明：

1. shutdown abort关闭例程，模拟数据文件丢失

2. Mount数据库

3. 使损坏的数据文件脱机

4. 打开数据库

5. 拷贝刚才热备的数据文件（USERS01.DBF）

6. 恢复损坏的数据文件

7. 使恢复完成的数据文件联机

shutdown immedate，恢复全部数据文件(不包括control和redo) （把热备的数据文件拷贝回来，不包括control和redo）
SQL> conn internal
SQL> shutdown immediate;
复制全部热备的数据文件过来（完全恢复成功！）
mount数据库
SQL> startup mount
完全恢复数据库
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 424125 generated at 10/20/2002 20:44:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424125 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
……………………………………………..
Log applied.
Media recovery complete. 打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
验证恢复结果：完全恢复
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1;

完全恢复成功！ 说明：
1. 复制全部热备的数据文件过来
2. mount数据库
3. 完全恢复数据库
4. 打开数据库

shutdown abort的情况，恢复全部控制文件和数据文件(不包括redo) 准备工作 （这样，insert into test1 values(13);就是没有提交的数据了，如果完全恢复，应该一直可以看到insert into test1 values(12);）
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1;
SQL> insert into test1 values(12);

commit;
SQL> insert into test1 values(13);

单开一个session，用来shutdow abort
E:>sqlplus internal
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

拷贝所有的控制文件和数据文件（不包括redo） mount数据库，按照提示重建口令文件

SQL> startup mountORACLE instance started. ORA-01991: invalid password file 'd:oracle1ora81DATABASEPWDbackup.ORA'
SQL> hostE:>cd d:oracle1ora81DATABASE D:oracle1ora81database>del PWDbackup.ORA D:oracle1ora81database>orapwd file=d:oracle1ora81DATABASEPWDbackup.ORA pa ssword=oracle entries=10
/* orapwd Usage: orapwd file= password= entries=

where

file - name of password file (mand),

password - password for SYS and INTERNAL (mand),

entries - maximum number of distinct DBAs and OPERs (opt),

There are no spaces around the equal-to (=) character. */

D:oracle1ora81database>exit 这时，试图完全恢复数据库是不成功的
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01610: recovery using the BACKUP CONTROLFILE option must be done 用to trace备份控制文件
SQL>alter database backup controlfile to trace;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down. 找到并且编辑控制文件
STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BACKUP" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 32
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
MAXDATAFILES 254
MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXLOGHISTORY 453
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'D:BACKUPDBREDO01.LOG' SIZE 1M,
GROUP 2 'D:BACKUPDBREDO02.LOG' SIZE 1M,
GROUP 3 'D:BACKUPDBREDO03.LOG' SIZE 1M
DATAFILE
'D:BACKUPDBSYSTEM01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBRBS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBTEMP01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBTOOLS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBINDX01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
RECOVER DATABASE
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN; 重建控制文件
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> @D:BACKUPDBudumpORA01532.sql
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
Control file created.
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log 'ALTER'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:BACKUPDBSYSTEM01.DBF'

shutdown immediate，然后重新恢复数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
完全恢复数据库
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 424125 generated at 10/20/2002 20:44:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424125 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
………………………………………..
Log applied.
Media recovery complete. 打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1;
说明：
1. 拷贝所有的控制文件和数据文件（不包括redo）
2. mount数据库，按照提示重建口令文件
3. 这时，试图完全恢复数据库是不成功的
4. 用to trace备份控制文件
5. 找到并且编辑控制文件
6. 重建控制文件
7. shutdown immediate，然后重新恢复数据库
8. 完全恢复数据库
9. 打开数据库

仅仅丢失一个普通用户数据文件的恢复B(脱机恢复) 准备工作 按照下面的输入，如果全部恢复，应该可以看到insert into test1 values(13)，因为insert into test1 values(14)没提交。
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> insert into test1 values(13);
SQL> insert into test1 values(14);

Shutdown immediate，然后模拟数据文件丢失 单开一个session，执行shutdown immediate（保证insert into test1 values(14);没有被隐式提交）
E:>sqlplus internal
SQL>shutdown immediate
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。 模拟数据文件丢失，然后用热备覆盖这个文件
mount数据库
E:>sqlplus internal
SQL>shutdown immediate
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist

SQL> startup mount 使损坏的数据文件脱机
SQL>alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' offline;
Database altered. 恢复数据文件
SQL> recover datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF';
ORA-00279: change 424116 generated at 10/20/2002 20:42:04 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424116 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 424125 generated at 10/20/2002 20:44:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424125 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
…………………………………………………………
Log applied.
Media recovery complete. 使恢复的数据文件联机
SQL>alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' online; 打开数据库
SQL>alter database open;
Database altered.
这时需要重新启动数据库，并完全恢复数据库
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select count(*) from test;
select count(*) from test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> conn internal
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down. 重新启动数据库，
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
用recover database再次恢复数据库
SQL> conn internal
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01124: cannot recover data file 1 - file is in use or recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:BACKUPDBSYSTEM01.DBF'
重新使恢复的表空间联机

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