win10 (64)下Matplotlib的安装历程

小书在学习过程中用到了Matplotlib绘图，然后因为没有安装报错，所以就采用 pip install matplotlib ,安装出错了。

C:\Users\Shu\Desktop>pip install matplotlib
Collecting matplotlib
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError(': Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed',)': /simple/matplotlib/
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError(': Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed',)': /simple/matplotlib/
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError(': Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed',)': /simple/matplotlib/
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError(': Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed',)': /simple/matplotlib/
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError(': Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed',)': /simple/matplotlib/
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement matplotlib (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for matplotlib

所以上网查了一下，发现是采用下面这个语句来安装的：

C:\Users\Shu\Desktop>python -m pip install matplotlib
Collecting matplotlib
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/f2/0e89288925f87716499f1984c3d7076f4eef2c93db7e30df4844b6e30978/matplotlib-3.0.1-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl (8.9MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.9MB 1.0MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.10.0 in c:\users\shu\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.15.3)
Collecting python-dateutil>=2.1 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/74/68/d87d9b36af36f44254a8d512cbfc48369103a3b9e474be9bdfe536abfc45/python_dateutil-2.7.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (225kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 235kB 397kB/s
Collecting cycler>=0.10 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f7/d2/e07d3ebb2bd7af696440ce7e754c59dd546ffe1bbe732c8ab68b9c834e61/cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.1 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/71/e8/6777f6624681c8b9701a8a0a5654f3eb56919a01a78e12bf3c73f5a3c714/pyparsing-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (59kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 1.3MB/s
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/44/72/16630c3392eba03788ad87949390516bbc488e8e118047a3b824631d21a6/kiwisolver-1.0.1-cp36-none-win_amd64.whl (57kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 1.2MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in c:\users\shu\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.1->matplotlib) (1.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\users\shu\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from kiwisolver>=1.0.1->matplotlib) (39.1.0)
Installing collected packages: python-dateutil, cycler, pyparsing, kiwisolver, matplotlib
Successfully installed cycler-0.10.0 kiwisolver-1.0.1 matplotlib-3.0.1 pyparsing-2.3.0 python-dateutil-2.7.5

这个 python - m 起什么作用呢？

C:\Users\Shu\Desktop>python --help
usage: python [option] ... [-c cmd | -m mod | file | -] [arg] ...
Options and arguments (and corresponding environment variables):
-b     : issue warnings about str(bytes_instance), str(bytearray_instance)
         and comparing bytes/bytearray with str. (-bb: issue errors)
-B     : don't write .pyc files on import; also PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=x
-c cmd : program passed in as string (terminates option list)
-d     : debug output from parser; also PYTHONDEBUG=x
-E     : ignore PYTHON* environment variables (such as PYTHONPATH)
-h     : print this help message and exit (also --help)
-i     : inspect interactively after running script; forces a prompt even
         if stdin does not appear to be a terminal; also PYTHONINSPECT=x
-I     : isolate Python from the user's environment (implies -E and -s)
-m mod : run library module as a script (terminates option list)
-O     : optimize generated bytecode slightly; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x
-OO    : remove doc-strings in addition to the -O optimizations
-q     : don't print version and copyright messages on interactive startup

倒数第四行：意思是将库中的python模块用作脚本去运行。
惭愧！我也没理解是什么个意思。

最后，测试一下：

C:\Users\Shu\Desktop>python
Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48eceb, Dec 19 2017, 06:54:40) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> exit()

大功告成！！！