Linux中安装PostgreSQL-10.1

环境说明

• Linux版本：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
• PostgreSQL版本：PostgreSQL-10.1
• PostgreSQL下载网址：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/v10.1/

　　　　下载符合自己操作系统的版本即可（ postgresql-10.1.tar.gz）

• 参考文档：http://www.postgres.cn/docs/9.3/install-short.html
• DBeaver下载地址：https://dbeaver.jkiss.org/download/　　

　　　　我下载的是Windows 64 bit（zip archive）：dbeaverce614.zip（dbeaver-ce-6.1.4-x86_64-setup）

• DBeaver jdbc驱动下载地址：https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html#current

　　　　我下载的是：PostgreSQL JDBC 4.2 Driver, 42.1.4

 

安装部署

将下载好的源码包上传到服务器/tmp/目录下

1 [root@VM_0_16_centos tmp]# ls | grep postgresql
2 postgresql-10.1.tar.gz

 

安装路径为：/usr/local/pgsql

1.解压

1 [root@VM_0_16_centos tmp]# tar -zxf postgresql-10.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
2 [root@VM_0_16_centos tmp]# cd /usr/local/postgresql-10.1/

 

2.编译安装

依次执行如下操作：

[root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# ./configure
checking for getpwuid_r... yes
checking for gethostbyname_r... yes
checking whether strerror_r returns int... no
checking for main in -lm... yes
checking for library containing setproctitle... no
checking for library containing dlopen... -ldl
checking for library containing socket... none required
checking for library containing shl_load... no
checking for library containing getopt_long... none required
checking for library containing crypt... -lcrypt
checking for library containing shm_open... -lrt
checking for library containing shm_unlink... none required
checking for library containing clock_gettime... none required
checking for library containing fdatasync... none required
checking for library containing sched_yield... none required
checking for library containing gethostbyname_r... none required
checking for library containing shmget... none required
checking for library containing readline... no
configure: error: readline library not found
If you have readline already installed, see config.log for details on the
failure.  It is possible the compiler isn't looking in the proper directory.
Use --without-readline to disable readline support.

如上报错参考：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-02/53982.htm

报错1：configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH:

解决：yum install gcc

 

报错2：configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH:

根据提示大概是readline包未安装

解决：yum install readline-devel

 

安装readline-devel包

1 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# yum -y install readline-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel | 5.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
os | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 997 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.8 MB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package readline-devel.x86_64 0:6.2-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ncurses-devel for package: readline-devel-6.2-10.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
readline-devel x86_64 6.2-10.el7 os 138 k
Installing for dependencies:
ncurses-devel x86_64 5.9-14.20130511.el7_4 os 712 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 851 k
Installed size: 2.4 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): readline-devel-6.2-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 138 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | 712 kB 00:00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5.3 MB/s | 851 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 1/2
Installing : readline-devel-6.2-10.el7.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : readline-devel-6.2-10.el7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 2/2

Installed:
readline-devel.x86_64 0:6.2-10.el7

Dependency Installed:
ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4

Complete!

安装完后再次运行./configure即可

[root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# ./configure

 

编译安装

1 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# make
2 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# su
3 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# make install

 1 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# adduser postgres
 2 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
 3 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
 4 [root@VM_0_16_centos local]# su - postgres
 5 Last login: Tue Aug 20 09:49:49 CST 2019 on pts/0
 6 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/
 7 The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
 8 This user must also own the server process.
 9 
10 The database cluster will be initialized with locale "C".
11 The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "SQL_ASCII".
12 The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
13 
14 Data page checksums are disabled.
15 
16 fixing permissions on existing directory /usr/local/pgsql/data ... ok
17 creating subdirectories ... ok
18 selecting default max_connections ... 100
19 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
20 selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
21 creating configuration files ... ok
22 running bootstrap script ... ok
23 performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
24 syncing data to disk ... ok
25 
26 WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
27 You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
28 --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
29 
30 Success. You can now start the database server using:
31 
32     /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ -l logfile start
33 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ > logfile 2>&1 &
34 [1] 12283
35 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
36 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
37 psql (10.1)
38 Type "help" for help.
39 
40 test=#

 

3.启动或重启服务

确保切换到/usr/local/pgsql/bin/目录下，并切换为postgres用户

1 1 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin/
2 2 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ su - postgres　　#输入密码，但安装时不知道密码，如果已在该用户下可不切换，默认第一次进来不输入密码

 

启动服务

3 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./pg_ctl start -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/
4 pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway
5 waiting for server to start....2019-08-20 10:18:45.034 CST [16027] FATAL:  lock file "postmaster.pid" already exists
6 2019-08-20 10:18:45.034 CST [16027] HINT:  Is another postmaster (PID 12283) running in data directory "/usr/local/pgsql/data"?
7  stopped waiting
8 pg_ctl: could not start server
9 Examine the log output.
启动不了，是由于上面在后台运行的语句，以及产生了pid文件（/usr/local/pgsql/data）

[postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ pkill 12283
[postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./pg_ctl start -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/
pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway
waiting for server to start....2019-08-20 10:19:23.881 CST [16139] FATAL: lock file "postmaster.pid" already exists
2019-08-20 10:19:23.881 CST [16139] HINT: Is another postmaster (PID 12283) running in data directory "/usr/local/pgsql/data"?
stopped waiting
pg_ctl: could not start server
Examine the log output.

将pid文件删除即可

[postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ rm -rf /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid

再次运行启动命令，如下图即为成功

 

至此PostgreSQL安装完成

 

重启服务

1 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./pg_ctl restart -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/

  

 

 4.新建数据库和可以登录数据库的用户密码

确保切换到/usr/local/pgsql/bin/目录下

创建数据库：

1 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./createdb thydb

 

创建用户（用户名：thy，密码：TanHuiyuan）两种方式：

第一种：CREATE USER或CREATE ROLE：CREATE USER是CREATE ROLE的一个别名。 唯一的区别是CREATE USER命令缺省是LOGIN， 而CREATE ROLE命令缺省是NOLOGIN。

进入默认数据库postgres:

1 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./psql
2 psql (10.1)
3 Type "help" for help.

 

执行（区分大小写）：

1 postgres=# CREATE USER thy WITH PASSWORD 'TanHuiyuan';
2 CREATE ROLE

 

创建成功如下：

 

第二种：pg封装的命令方式：

如果已经存在改用户了则不能重复创建

1 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./createuser -P thy

  

 

5.访问数据库

确保切换到/usr/local/pgsql/bin/目录下

以默认用户名访问默认数据库（默认的用户名和数据库名都是postgres），进入PG交互终端

1 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./psql

  

 

 以名为thy角色登录名为thydb的数据库：

1 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./psql thydb -U thy

  

 

可以看出，当psql终端的提示符为=#时，表示当前登录的是超级用户，而当提示符为=>时则为普通用户

 

6.远程访问数据库设置

远程访问数据库的认证方式主要有很多方式，这里设置基于TCP/IP连接的trust认证方式

需要设置两个配置文件：

1）修改配置文件postgresql.conf

1 [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

 

修改监听地址：

1  #listen_addresses = 'localhost'
2 改为
3  listen_addresses = '*'
 listen_addresses = '*'

 

 

2）修改配置文件/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

1 [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

 添加一条IP授权记录（如182.254.184.102），可以对一个网段授权

1  # IPv4 myhost connections:
2     host    all             all             182.254.184.0/24        trust

即

 

也可以设置所有网段ip访问

1 # IPv4 remove connections:

    host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust

即

 

配置之后需重启数据库才会生效：

需在postgres用户下执行：

1 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl restart -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/

 

7.Windows图形化界面DBeaver客户端访问PG

Dbeaver需要指定jdbc驱动，可到https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html#current下载

由于前面设置的是基于TCP/IP的trust认证，所以这里也只要设置如下参数就可：

将下载好的安装包解压到相应的盘符

安装步骤参考：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/0aa223756a2eed88cd0d644a.html

Host：搭建PG的主机ip地址，这里我把自己的主机IP码掉啦

Port：默认为5432

Database：就是我们前面建立的数据库thydb

User：前面创建的用户名thy

Password：用户名对应的密码TanHuiyuan

 本次使用默认数据库

驱动配置参考：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/7c6fb428ab34e1c0642c9096.html

成功连接

 

 

参考博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/LinBug/p/8082790.html

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/HeiDi-BoKe/p/11381875.html