在VMware Workstation上安装单机ASM

一、相关概念

-什么是asm？
关于这个概念百度一搜一大堆，总而言之就是oracle从10g开始推出的新特性，在管理管理数据文件时，直接跳过操作系统这一层，直接管理数据文件，提高了工作效率，简化了DBA的工作量，同时提供条带化和镜像功能，可以理解为oracle内部的软raid，今天就是为大家介绍如何配置oracle ASM O(∩_∩)O~
-什么是ASMLIB?
asmlib是基于linux module，专门为oracle ASM特性而设计的内核支持库，可以理解为oracle管理磁盘的驱动（个人理解，有可能不准确）。以前配置ASM是可以使用asmlib的，但是。。。
2011年5月，甲骨文发表了一份声明，甲骨文不再提供RHEL6以后任何的asmlib相关更新。。。也就是说，asmlib只能支持到5.9,6以后不能再使用asmlib安装asm了，那么我们怎么办呢？
请看下面的概念解释↓
-什么是udev？
udev是 linux2.6内核里的一个功能，它替代了原有的devfs，成为当前linux默认的设备管理工具。udev以守护进程的形式存在，通过侦听内核发出来的uevent来管理/dev目录下的设备文件。不像之前的设备管理工具，udev在用户空间运行，而不再内核空间运行。

二、试验环境

虚拟机：VMware workstation 12 pro （没有序列号的童鞋可以私聊我）

OS: CentOS 6.5

DB: Oracle 11.2.0.4

三、配置udev

为了节省篇幅，创建linux虚机和添加磁盘的过程就不在这里演示了，相信玩过linux的童鞋都知道，不知道的话就百度吧~

创建完的磁盘分区之后，在/dev目录下可以看到

[root@asmtest /]# ll /dev/sd*

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  0 Nov 15 02:53 /dev/sda

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  1 Nov 15 02:53 /dev/sda1

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  2 Nov 15 02:53 /dev/sda2

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  3 Nov 15 02:53 /dev/sda3

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Nov 15 02:53 /dev/sdb

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Nov 15 02:53 /dev/sdb1

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 33 Nov 15 02:53 /dev/sdc1

修改虚拟机配置文件

这一步在实际生产环境，物理机或exsi虚拟化是可以省略的，因为workstation的原因，所以增加如下步骤）

在最后一行添加disk.EnableUUID="TRUE",注意，修改此配置文件时一定要在关机状态修改

配置用户、组、目录

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

groupadd asmadmin

groupadd asmoper

groupadd asmdba

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper,asmadmin oracle

useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid

passwd oracle

passwd grid

--创建目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid/11.2.0

chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chown -R grid.oinstall /u01/app/grid

chmod -R 777 /u01

配置oracle、grid用户环境变量

--修改oracle用户环境变量

ORACLE_SID=tsl

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

DISPLAY=10.10.8.30:0.0

export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_BASE LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH DISPLAY

stty erase ^h

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

--修改grid用户环境变量

ORACLE_SID=+ASM

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2.0

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

DISPLAY=10.10.8.30:0.0

export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_BASE LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH DISPLAY

stty erase ^h

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

配置udev

--查询配置信息

[root@asmtest /]# cat /etc/issue

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

Kernel \r on an \m

[root@asmtest /]# which scsi_id

/sbin/scsi_id

--创建并修改scsi_id.config配置

[root@asmtest /]# vi /etc/scsi_id.config

options=--whitelisted --replace-whitespace

--获取scsi_id

scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdb

scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdc

scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdd

scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sde

--创建修改udev rule规则

[root@asmtest /]# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c2959607dd0d2abb0205c0770feb",NAME="asm-diskb",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmdba",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c29cf0358cf57bc71c272e7aaafa",NAME="asm-diskc",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmdba",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c29ab3a775826b86074945f07114",NAME="asm-diskd",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmdba",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c29b664203120ad96ecedcd1a175",NAME="asm-diske",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmdba",MODE="0660"

*注意，每个kernel是一行，不能换行

--启动udev

start_udev

[root@asmtest /]# ll /dev/asm*

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmdba 8, 16 Nov 15 08:48 /dev/asm-diskb

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmdba 8, 32 Nov 15 08:48 /dev/asm-diskc

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmdba 8, 48 Nov 15 08:48 /dev/asm-diskd

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmdba 8, 64 Nov 15 08:48 /dev/asm-diske

三、安装grid组件

将安装包解压缩，以grid用户运行runInstaller

*注：在运行root.sh时会提示单节点要执行命令

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:

/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/lib -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/roothas.pl

这时运行会出现报错：

/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/bin/clscfg.bin: error while loading shared libraries: libcap.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Failed to create keys in the OLR, rc = 127, Message:

解决报错：

--安装对应包并link文件

yum install -y libcap*.i686

yum install -y libcap*.x86_64

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# ll /lib64/libcap.so*

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    11 Nov 15 05:11 /lib64/libcap.so -> libcap.so.2

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    14 Nov 15 01:20 /lib64/libcap.so.2 -> libcap.so.2.16

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19016 Dec  7  2011 /lib64/libcap.so.2.16

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# ln -s /lib64/libcap.so.2.16 /lib64/libcap.so.1

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# ln -s /lib64/libcap.so.2 /lib64/libcap.so

ln: creating symbolic link `/lib64/libcap.so': File exists

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# ll /lib64/libcap.so*

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    11 Nov 15 05:11 /lib64/libcap.so -> libcap.so.2

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    21 Nov 15 05:13 /lib64/libcap.so.1 -> /lib64/libcap.so.2.16

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    14 Nov 15 01:20 /lib64/libcap.so.2 -> libcap.so.2.16

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19016 Dec  7  2011 /lib64/libcap.so.2.16

--重新执行root.sh

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= grid

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/grid/11.2.0

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:

/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/lib -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/roothas.pl

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster execute the following command:

/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/config/config.sh

This command launches the Grid Infrastructure Configuration Wizard. The wizard also supports silent operation, and the parameters can be passed through the response file that is available in the installation media.

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/lib -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/roothas.pl

Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/crsconfig_params

User ignored Prerequisites during installation

Improper Oracle Grid Infrastructure configuration found on this host

Deconfigure the existing cluster configuration before starting --报错

to configure a new Grid Infrastructure

run '/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig'

to configure existing failed configuration and then rerun root.sh

--去掉集群配置

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/roothas.pl -verbose -deconfig -force

Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/crsconfig_params

CRS-4639: Could not contact Oracle High Availability Services

CRS-4000: Command Stop failed, or completed with errors.

CRS-4639: Could not contact Oracle High Availability Services

CRS-4000: Command Delete failed, or completed with errors.

CRS-4544: Unable to connect to OHAS

CRS-4000: Command Stop failed, or completed with errors.

Failure in execution (rc=-1, 0, No such file or directory) for command /etc/init.d/ohasd deinstall

Successfully deconfigured Oracle Restart stack

--重新执行root.sh

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# ./root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= grid

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/grid/11.2.0

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:

/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/lib -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/roothas.pl

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster execute the following command:

/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/config/config.sh

This command launches the Grid Infrastructure Configuration Wizard. The wizard also supports silent operation, and the parameters can be passed through the response file that is available in the installation media.

--重新运行上面黑体脚本

[root@asmtest 11.2.0]# /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/perl/lib -I/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/roothas.pl

Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/crsconfig_params

User ignored Prerequisites during installation

LOCAL ADD MODE

Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..

Operation successful.

LOCAL ONLY MODE

Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.

Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..

Operation successful.

CRS-4664: Node asmtest successfully pinned.

Adding Clusterware entries to upstart

asmtest     2016/11/15 05:24:51     /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/cdata/asmtest/backup_20161115_052451.olr

Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server    --提示成功配置grid，表示grid安装完成

使用asmca创建磁盘组

至此，ASM核心组件都已安装完成，接下来可以安装oracle数据库软件了，软件安装部分就是通用的安装方法，有机会我会单独介绍O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
第一次发博客好紧张，大家多多批评指正！

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