[python] Redhat 6 安装python3.6(使用本地源安装依赖包)

VM环境(Redhat6.7)上已存在python2.6,    使用本地源安装Python3.6

参考链接:Linux 安装python3.7.0  https://www.cnblogs.com/yhongji/p/9383857.html

遇到一个报错 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

解决:yum install libffi-devel -y  因为没找到libffi-devel合适的版本,最后安装了Python 3.6.8

 

一、安装依赖包

1.清理yum环境

发现 yum clean all不好使

/etc/yum.conf中有个路径 cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever,把它下面的文件清理了

 

2.配置yum源

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/media.repo

[MEDIA]

name=MEDIA

baseurl=file:///var/www/html/pypkg

enabled=0

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

3.把packages/ 放到 /var/www/html/pypkg

/var/www/html/pypkg 下执行 createrepo .

yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=MEDIA install gcc

yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=MEDIA install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

 

二、安装python

1.下载python安装包

https://www.python.org/ftp/python

 

2.解压

tar -xvJf Python-3.6.8.tar.xz

 

3.建立一个空文件夹,用于存放python3程序        

mkdir -p /opt/testpy3/python3

 

4.执行配置文件,编译,编译安装

cd Python-3.6.8

./configure --prefix=/opt/testpy3/python3

make && make install

 

5.将python添加到环境变量

# export PATH=/opt/testpy3/python3/bin:$PATH

# echo $PATH

/opt/testpy3/python3/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

 

注意:上面步这种添加环境变量的方式登出后就会失效,使用下面这种修改.bash_profile的方式

编辑.bash_profile,添加环境变量

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/testpy3/python3/bin

 

6.验证安装是否成功

注意:执行python会进入python2.6

# python

Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, May 22 2015, 08:34:51)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-15)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> exit()

 

执行python3验证安装是否成功,能进去就OK啦

# python3

Python 3.6.8 (default, Apr  9 2019, 18:09:49)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

 

附:Linux设置环境变量PATH

PATH:  可执行程序的查找路径

1)查看当前环境变量:

echo $PATH

2)设置:

方法一: export PATH=PATH:/XXX 但是登出后就失效

方法二:修改~/.bashrc或~/.bash_profile或系统级别的/etc/profile

                  1. 在其中添加例如export PATH=/opt/testpy3/python3/bin:$PATH

                  2. source .bashrc  (source命令通常用于重新执行刚修改的初始化文件、立刻生效,不必注销重登录)

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