Flink——DataStream API

关于Flink程序的开发流程和具体案例请参考：Flink——从零搭建Flink应用。

DataSource

Datasource用于Flink程序读取数据，可通过：StreamExecutionEnvironment.进行配置。

内置数据源

• 文件数据源：
  • readTextFile(path)：直接读取文本文件；
  • readFile(fileInputFormat, path)：读取指定类型的文件；
  • readFile(fileInputFormat, path, watchType, interval, pathFilter)：可指定读取文件的类型、检测文件变换的时间间隔、文件路径过滤条件等。watchType分为两种模式：
    • PROCESS_CONTINUOUSLY：一旦检测到文件变化，会将改文件全部内容加载到Flink。该模式无法实现Excatly Once；
    • PROCESS_ONCE：一旦检测到文件变化，只会将变化的数据加载到Flink。该模式无法实现Excatly Once。
• socket数据源：
  • socketTextStream(hostname, port)：从Socket端口传入数据；
• 集合数据源：
  • fromCollection(Seq)
  • fromCollection(Iterator)
  • fromElements(elements: _*)
  • fromParallelCollection(SplittableIterator)
  • generateSequence(from, to)

外部数据源

对于流式计算类型的应用，数据大部分都是从外部第三方系统中获取，为此，Flink通过实现SourceFunction定义了丰富的第三方数据连接器（支持自定义数据源）：

• Apache Kafka
• Amazon Kinesis Streams
• RabbitMQ
• Apache NiFi
• Twitter Streaming API
• Google PubSub

DataStream Transformations

Operator	Transformation	Example
map	DataStream → DataStream	dataStream.map { x => x * 2 }
flatMap	DataStream → DataStream	dataStream.flatMap { str => str.split(" ") }
filter	DataStream → DataStream	dataStream.filter { _ != 0 }
keyBy	DataStream → KeyedStream	dataStream.keyBy(“someKey”) // Key by field “someKey” dataStream.keyBy(0) // Key by the first element of a Tuple
reduce	KeyedStream → DataStream	keyedStream.reduce { _ + _ }
fold	KeyedStream → DataStream	val result: DataStream[String] = keyedStream.fold(“start”)((str, i) => { str + “-” + i })
aggregations	KeyedStream → DataStream	keyedStream.sum(0) keyedStream.sum(“key”) keyedStream.min(0) keyedStream.min(“key”) keyedStream.max(0) keyedStream.max(“key”) keyedStream.minBy(0) keyedStream.minBy(“key”) keyedStream.maxBy(0) keyedStream.maxBy(“key”)
window	KeyedStream → WindowedStream	dataStream.keyBy(0).window(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(5))) // Last 5 seconds of data
windowAll	DataStream → AllWindowedStream	dataStream.windowAll(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(5))) // Last 5 seconds of data
Window Apply	WindowedStream → DataStream AllWindowedStream → DataStream	windowedStream.apply { WindowFunction } // applying an AllWindowFunction on non-keyed window stream allWindowedStream.apply { AllWindowFunction }
Window Reduce	WindowedStream → DataStream	windowedStream.reduce { _ + _ }
Window Fold	WindowedStream → DataStream	val result: DataStream[String] = windowedStream.fold(“start”, (str, i) => { str + “-” + i })
Aggregations on windows	WindowedStream → DataStream	windowedStream.sum(0) windowedStream.sum(“key”) windowedStream.min(0) windowedStream.min(“key”) windowedStream.max(0) windowedStream.max(“key”) windowedStream.minBy(0) windowedStream.minBy(“key”) windowedStream.maxBy(0) windowedStream.maxBy(“key”)
union	DataStream* → DataStream	dataStream.union(otherStream1, otherStream2, …)
Window Join	DataStream,DataStream → DataStream	dataStream.join(otherStream) .where().equalTo() .window(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(3))) .apply { … }
Window CoGroup	DataStream,DataStream → DataStream	dataStream.coGroup(otherStream) .where(0).equalTo(1) .window(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(3))) .apply {}
connect	DataStream,DataStream → ConnectedStreams	someStream : DataStream[Int] = … otherStream : DataStream[String] = … val connectedStreams = someStream.connect(otherStream)
CoMap, CoFlatMap	ConnectedStreams → DataStream	connectedStreams.map( (_ : Int) => true, (_ : String) => false ) connectedStreams.flatMap( (_ : Int) => true, (_ : String) => false )
split	DataStream → SplitStream	val split = someDataStream.split( (num: Int) => (num % 2) match { case 0 => List(“even”) case 1 => List(“odd”) } )
select	SplitStream → DataStream	val even = split select “even” val odd = split select “odd” val all = split.select(“even”,“odd”)
iterate	DataStream → IterativeStream → DataStream	initialStream.iterate { iteration => { val iterationBody = iteration.map {/do something/} (iterationBody.filter(_ > 0), iterationBody.filter(_ <= 0)) } }
Extract Timestamps	DataStream → DataStream	stream.assignTimestamps { timestampExtractor }

DataSink

经过各种数据转换操作之后，形成最终结果数据集。通常情况下，需要将结果输出在外部存储介质或者传输到下游的消息中间件内，在Flink中将DataStream数据输出到外部系统的过程被定义为DataSink操作。可通过：StreamExecutionEnvironment.进行配置。

内置数据源

• writeAsText() / TextOutputFormat
• writeAsCsv(...) / CsvOutputFormat
• print() / printToErr()
• writeUsingOutputFormat() / FileOutputFormat
• writeToSocket

外部数据源

• Apache Kafka
• Apache Cassandra
• Amazon Kinesis Streams
• Elasticsearch
• Hadoop FileSystem
• RabbitMQ
• Apache NiFi
• Google PubSub