C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用

目录

winform控件

一、概述

二、常用属性

eg1:Do you love me?

eg2:动态的显示当前时间:

eg3:跑马灯

eg4:简单记事本NoteBook

eg5:单选和多选

eg6:MDI窗体

eg7、PictureBox上下选择图片

eg8、Directory创建、删除目录

eg9、ComboBox 选择年月日

eg10、ListBox 图片、音频播放器

eg11:综合应用__记事本程序(OpenFileDialogue SaveFileDialogue)



winform控件

一、概述

  • partial:部分类
  • 从窗体切换到后台代码:F7    千千万万不要在窗体上随便双击
  • 在C#中所有的对象都是由类生成的

Form1.Designer.cs:这个文件大家不要去手动修改它,它是由系统自动生成的。

Form1.resx:资源文件    可以制作双语文件

 

  • 窗体程序的入口点也是Main函数
  • 窗体控件的学习,实质就是对该控件的属性和事件的学习。
  • 窗体程序中,弹出对话框使用MessageBox

当双击窗体上的控件时,就会为该控件添加一个默认的事件,默认的即最常用的

事件:可以说是用户的操作,比如说按下键盘,点击鼠标,双击鼠标,鼠标移入,让该控件可以做一些事情

构造函数是用来初始化控件的

 

二、常用属性


Text:显示在控件上的文本
Name:该控件的姓名,在后台代码中,通过Name属性来访问该控件

  • 谁是主窗体:在Main函数中,先把谁new出来,谁就是主窗体。

。。。。。。

注:如何关闭主窗口:

方法一:创建static静态类。

方法二:Application.Exit();

方法三:System.Environment.Exit(0);//彻底关闭

 

MouseEnter:当鼠标指针穿过元素时,会执行事件.

eg1:Do you love me?

当鼠标移入button的时候,我立马改变Button的位置,移出鼠标范围

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("I love you");
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("好吧,我投降了!");
        }

        private void button2_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //找到鼠标可以移动的最大范围
            int fx = this.ClientSize.Width;
            int fy = this.ClientSize.Height;
            int w = button2.Width;
            int h = button2.Height;
            int x = fx - w;
            int y = fy - h;

            Random r = new Random();
            Point p = new Point();//坐标
            p.X = r.Next(0, x);
            p.Y = r.Next(0, y);
            button2.Location = p;


        }
    }

所有知识基本上都是围绕着类,定时器也不例外,Timer类  属性 方法

Enable:控件是否可用
Interval:时间间隔  希望定时器多久执行一次   计时单位是ms   1s=1000ms

Tick事件:事件到了,让定时器做什么,在该事件中实现

获取当前时间:DateTime

Start():启动定时器
Stop():停止定时器


让窗体居中:StarPosition 改成:CenterScreen

 

Timer:在指定的时间间隔内做一些事情

eg2:动态的显示当前时间:

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            textBox1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            timer1.Start();
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            timer1.Stop();
        }
    }

eg3:跑马灯

关键:timer事件中,将字符串的第一个字符放到最后。 

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string str = textBox1.Text;
            string tou = str.Substring(0, 1);
            string sub = str.Substring(1, str.Length - 1)+tou;
            textBox1.Text = sub.ToString();
        }

        private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            timer1.Start();
        }

        private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            timer1.Stop();
        }
    }

eg4:简单记事本NoteBook

 

窗体1(登录):

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (textUser.Text == "admin" && textPwd.Text == "123")
            {
                this.Hide();
                MessageBox.Show("欢迎光临!");
                Form2 f2 = new Form2();
                f2.Show();

            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("输入错误!");
            }
        }
    }

窗体2(写字板):

public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        public Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            textBox1.WordWrap = false;
        }

        private void 自动换行ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            textBox1.WordWrap = true;
        }

        private void 保存ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            using(StreamWriter sw=new StreamWriter(@"E:\notebook.txt", false, Encoding.Default))
            {
                sw.Write(textBox1.Text);
                MessageBox.Show("保存成功!");
            }
        }

        private void 退出ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Application.Exit();
        }
    }


注:1.让文本框变成密码框:设置textBox1的PasswordChar属性 为 *。

2.将文本框的WordWrap属性设为True----自动换行

eg5:单选和多选

Checked:指示控件是否处于选中状态

默认情况下,单选控件只能被选中一个,用GroupBox进行分组

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第1张图片

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string text1 = "";
            if (radioButton1.Checked)
            {
                text1= "你的性别是:"+radioButton1.Text+"\n";
            }
            else
            {
                text1 = "你的性别是:" + radioButton2.Text + "\n";
            }
            text1 = text1 + "你喜欢吃:";
            if (checkBox1.Checked)
                text1 = text1 + " " + checkBox1.Text;
            if (checkBox2.Checked)
                text1 += " " + checkBox2.Text;
            if (checkBox3.Checked)
                text1 += " " + checkBox3.Text;
            MessageBox.Show(text1);
        }

 

eg6:MDI窗体

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第2张图片

1)创建一个父窗体 Form1

设置IsMdiContainer为true

2)创建子窗体,并设置他们的父窗体

Form2 frm = new Form2();

frm.MdiParent = this;

平铺:LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileHorizontal); 纵向排列

垂直排列:LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileVertical);横向排列

        private void 添加子窗体ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Form2 f2 = new Form2();
            f2.MdiParent = this;
            Form3 f3 = new Form3();
            f3.MdiParent = this;
            Form4 f4 = new Form4();
            f4.MdiParent = this;
            f2.Show();
            f3.Show();
            f4.Show();

        }

        private void 纵向排列ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileHorizontal);
        }

        private void 横向排列ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileVertical);
        }

eg7、PictureBox上下选择图片

1)图片上一张、下一张

2)PicutreBox与Timer组合,随机显示图片

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {

        string[] imgs;  //存储文件夹中图片路径的数组
        public Dog TaiDi { get; set; }

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

            //Image img = Image.FromFile(@"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\Image\下载 (1).jpg"); //从文件中获取图片
            //获取文件夹所在的路径
            imgs=Directory.GetFiles(@"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\Image");
            Image img = Image.FromFile(imgs[0]);
            pictureBox1.Image = img;
        }

        int i = 0;  //数组的索引
        /// 
        /// 下一张
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        private void btnDown_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            i++;
            //如果到了数组下标的最大值,将i赋值为0
            if (i == imgs.Length)
            {
                i = 0;
            }
            pictureBox1.Image = Image.FromFile(imgs[i]);  //10
        }

        /// 
        /// 上一张
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        private void btnUp_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            i--;
            if (i < 0)
            {
                i = imgs.Length-1;
            }
            pictureBox1.Image = Image.FromFile(imgs[i]);
        }
    }

eg8、Directory创建、删除目录

(using System.IO)

1)Create:创建文件夹

2)Delete(strpath,true):删除文件夹:第二个变量指示是否删除子文件

3)Move(path1,path2):将文件夹从path1剪切到path2

4)GetFiles(strpath, ”*.jpg”):获取指定文件夹下所有jpg文件的全路径

5)GetDirec tories():获取指定目录下的所有文件夹

6)Directories.Exists(strPath):判断指定目录是否存在

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //Dictionary:目录
            //创建一个目录
            string path = textBox1.Text.Trim(); //Trim:去掉文本框前后的空格
            Directory.CreateDirectory(path);

        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string path = textBox1.Text.Trim(); //Trim:去掉文本框前后的空格
            Directory.Delete(path);
        }

        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string path1 = textBox1.Text.Trim(); //Trim:去掉文本框前后的空格
            string path2 = textBox2.Text.Trim();

            Directory.Move(path1,path2);
        }

        /// 
        /// 获取目录中指定文件
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string path1 = textBox1.Text.Trim(); //Trim:去掉文本框前后的空格
            string[]arr=Directory.GetFiles(path1, "*.txt");

            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(arr[i]);
            }
        }

        //获取目录下的所有文件夹
        private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string path1 = textBox1.Text.Trim(); //Trim:去掉文本框前后的空格
            string[]arr=Directory.GetDirectories(path1);
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(arr[i]);
            }
        }

        //目录是否存在
        private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string path1 = textBox1.Text.Trim(); //Trim:去掉文本框前后的空格
            bool b=Directory.Exists(path1);
            if (b)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("存在");
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("不存在");
            }
        }
    }

 

eg9、ComboBox 选择年月日

DropDownStyle:下拉框的样式

例:三个ComboBox分别显示年、月、日

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //添加年
            for (int i = 1995; i < 2020; i++)
            {
                //往ComboBox中添加元素
                comboYear.Items.Add(i);
            }

            //添加月
            for (int i = 1; i < 13; i++)
            {
                combYue.Items.Add(i);
            }

            
        }

        public void AddDay(int year, int month)
        {
            //清空控件中的现有项
            combDay.Items.Clear();
            int day = 0;

            switch (month)
            {
                case 1:
                case 3:
                case 5:
                case 7:
                case 8:
                case 10:
                case 12:
                    day = 31;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    //判断啊是否是闰年
                    if (year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0))
                    {
                        day = 29;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        day = 28;
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                case 6:
                case 9:
                case 11:
                    day = 30;
                    break;
            }

            for (int i = 1 ; i <= day; i++)
            {
                combDay.Items.Add(i);
            }
            
        }

        private void combYue_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //获取控件中选中的年
            int year =  int.Parse( comboYear.SelectedItem.ToString());

            int month = int.Parse(combYue.SelectedItem.ToString());

            AddDay(year, month);
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show( comboYear.SelectedItem.ToString());
        }
    }

1)绑定数据源:

//显示的数据

ComBox1.DisplayMemeber="name";//name为类A的字段名

//隐藏的数据(对于多个数据,可以用逗号隔开。例:id,name)

ComBox1.ValueMember="id";//id为类A的字段名(对于隐藏对个数据,把数据放到一个字段用逗号隔开)

//绑定数据源

ComBox1.DataSource=dt;

2)显示数据

ComBox1.SelectedValue 获取或设置由ValueMember 属性指定的成员属性的值

ComBox1.SelectedText   获取或设置ComboBox 的可编辑部分中选定的文本。

 

eg10、ListBox 图片、音频播放器

1)双击显示图片

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第3张图片

SizeMode设为Zoom,显示完整图片。

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        string[] arrImgPaths;
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string path = @"E:\图片";
            bool b=Directory.Exists(path);
            if (b)
            {
                arrImgPaths = Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.jpg");
                for (int i = 0; i < arrImgPaths.Length; i++)
                {
                    string FileName = Path.GetFileName(arrImgPaths[i]);
                    listBox1.Items.Add(FileName);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("不存在");
            }
        }

        private void listBox1_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            int index = listBox1.SelectedIndex;
            string s = arrImgPaths[index];
            pictureBox1.Image = Image.FromFile(s);
        }
    }

2)双击播放音乐

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第4张图片

添加音视频播放控件
工具箱上点鼠标右键--》选择项--》COM组件--》Windows Media Player 前面打上对勾--》确定

    public partial class 音频播放器 : Form
    {
        List arrs = new List();
        public 音频播放器()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string path = @"E:\那些经典";
            bool b = Directory.Exists(path);
            if (b)
            {
                arrs.AddRange(Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.mp3"));
                foreach (string item in arrs)
                {
                    string FileName = Path.GetFileName(item);
                    listBox1.Items.Add(FileName);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("不存在");
            }
        }

        private void listBox1_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            int index = listBox1.SelectedIndex;
            string s = arrs[index];
            axWindowsMediaPlayer1.URL = s;
        }
        private void 打开ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            openFileDialog1.FileName = "打开文件位置";
            openFileDialog1.Filter = "音频(.mp3)|*.mp3|视频(.mp4)|*.mp4";
            openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory=@"E:\";
            if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                string path2 = openFileDialog1.FileName;
                arrs.Add(path2);
                string FileName = Path.GetFileName(path2);
                if (listBox1.Items.Contains(FileName))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("已存在");
                }
                else
                {
                    listBox1.Items.Add(FileName);
                }
            }
        }
    }

eg11:综合应用__记事本程序(OpenFileDialogue SaveFileDialogue)

1、OpenFileDialogue 打开文件对话框

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第5张图片

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第6张图片

2、SaveFileDialogue 保存文件对话框

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第7张图片

3、综合应用——记事本程序

1)打开文件,显示到文本框中,可以更改字体和颜色,更改完以后保存文件。

2)已经打开过的文件在左侧ListBox中显示, 可以显示   隐藏。

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第8张图片  C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第9张图片

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第10张图片

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第11张图片

C#基础知识及题目练习 Day13 windows窗体 MDI窗体 Directory ComboBox ComboBox OpenFileDialog 记事本应用_第12张图片

    public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        List listPaths = new List();
        bool richboxTextHasChanged = false;
        public Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            richTextBox1.WordWrap = false;
        }

        private void 退出ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (openFileDialog1.FileName != "" && richboxTextHasChanged == true && MessageBox.Show("文本内容已更改\n是否保存修改?", "信息提示", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel) == DialogResult.OK)
            {//若文本改动,首先保存
                richTextBox1.SaveFile(openFileDialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
            }
            Application.Exit();
        }

        private void 保存ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if(openFileDialog1.FileName != "")
            {
                string pathYy = openFileDialog1.FileName;
                using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(pathYy, false, Encoding.Default))
                {
                    sw.Write(richTextBox1.Text);
                    MessageBox.Show("保存成功!");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                saveFileDialog1.FileName = Path.GetFileName(openFileDialog1.FileName);
                saveFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = openFileDialog1.FileName;
                saveFileDialog1.Filter = "文本文件(.txt)|*.txt";
                if (saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
                {
                    richTextBox1.SaveFile(openFileDialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
                }
            }
        }

        private void 颜色ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (colorDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                richTextBox1.ForeColor = colorDialog1.Color;
            }
        }

        private void 字体ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (fontDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                richTextBox1.Font = fontDialog1.Font;
            }
        }

        private void 打开ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            openFileDialog1.Filter = "文本文件(.txt)|*.txt";
            openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = @"D:\";
            if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                //将文本文件里面的内容加载到界面内
                string path = openFileDialog1.FileName;
                listPaths.Add(path);
                string FileName = Path.GetFileName(path);
                listBox1.Items.Add(FileName);

                richTextBox1.LoadFile(path, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
                this.Text = openFileDialog1.FileName + "-记事本";
                #region 法二:
                //richTextBox1.Clear();
                //string path = openFileDialog1.FileName;
                //string FileName = Path.GetFileName(path);
                //using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(path, Encoding.Default))

                //{
                //    string str = null;//先声明一个字符串
                //    while ((str = sr.ReadLine()) != null)//判断读取到的字符串是为null,如果为null,说明已经读取到文件末尾
                //    {
                //        richTextBox1.AppendText(str);//将读取到的字符串打印到控制台
                //    }
                //}

                #endregion 
                
            }
        }

        private void richTextBox1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            richboxTextHasChanged = true;
        }

        private void 新建ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (openFileDialog1.FileName != "" && richboxTextHasChanged == true && MessageBox.Show("文本内容已更改\n是否保存修改?", "信息提示", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel) == DialogResult.OK)
            {//若文本改动,首先保存
                richTextBox1.SaveFile(openFileDialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
            }
            //不然初始化界面
            openFileDialog1.FileName = "";
            this.Text = "记事本";
            richTextBox1.Clear();
            richboxTextHasChanged = false;
            MessageBox.Show("已初始化界面");
        }

        private void 另存为ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

            saveFileDialog1.FileName = Path.GetFileName(openFileDialog1.FileName);
            saveFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = openFileDialog1.FileName;
            saveFileDialog1.Filter = "文本文件(.txt)|*.txt";
            if (saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                richTextBox1.SaveFile(openFileDialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);
            }
        }

        private void listBox1_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            int index = listBox1.SelectedIndex;
            string path = listPaths[index];
            richTextBox1.LoadFile(path, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);

        }

        private void 最近打开ToolStripMenuItem_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (最近打开ToolStripMenuItem.CheckState == CheckState.Checked)
            {
                listBox1.Visible = true;
                MessageBox.Show("显示");
            }
            else
            {
                listBox1.Visible = false;
                MessageBox.Show("隐藏");

                //listBox1.Hide();
            }
        }

        private void 自动换行ToolStripMenuItem1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (自动换行ToolStripMenuItem1.CheckState==CheckState.Checked)
            {
                richTextBox1.WordWrap = true;
            }
            else
            {
                richTextBox1.WordWrap = false;
            }
        }
    }

 

 

 

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