MongoDB - 空间数据存储、建立索引、空间查询

1 概要

1. MongoDB支持空间数据的存储，不过限制了类型必须为GeoJSON。
2. MongoDB可以满足一些空间查询的需求，对于不需要空间数据处理的项目极为方便，不需要第三方库来充当空间数据的操作层。
3. MongoDB可以为GeoJSON类型数据建立索引，提升空间查询的效率。

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2 MongoDB支持GeoJSON的种类

1.点(Point)

{
  "name": "玉泉路站",
  "locaton": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [116.25947, 39.913501]
  }
}

2.线(LineString)

{
  "name": "地铁1号线",
  "geom": {
    "type": "LineString",
    "coordinates": [
      [ 116.184378, 39.932476 ],
      [ 116.259470, 39.913501 ],
      [ 116.522347, 39.914943 ]
    ]
  }
}

3.面(Polygon)
注意：首末点坐标相同

{
  "name": "镂空多边形",
  "geom": {
    "type": "Polygon",
    "coordinates": [
      [[ 0 , 0 ] , [ 3 , 6 ] , [ 6 , 1 ] , [ 0 , 0 ]],
      [[ 2 , 2 ] , [ 3 , 3 ] , [ 4 , 2 ] , [ 2 , 2 ]]
    ]
  }
}

4.多点(MultiPoint)

{
  "name": "1号线站点",
  "locaton": {
    "type": "MultiPoint",
    "coordinates": [
      [116.259470, 39.913501],
      [116.280423, 39.913833],
      [116.301550, 39.913710]
    ]
  }
}

5.多线(MultiLineString)

{
  "name": "地铁线路",
  "geom": {
    "type": "MultiLineString",
    "coordinates": [
      [[ 116.184378, 39.932476 ],[ 116.259470, 39.913501 ],[ 116.522347, 39.914943 ]],
      [[ 25, 60 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 44, 55 ]],
      [[ 0, 0 ], [ 50, 50 ]]
    ]
  }
}

6.多面(MultiPolygon)

{
  "name": "多面",
  "geom": {
    "type": "MultiPolygon",
    "coordinates": [
      [[[ 0, 0 ], [ 3, 6 ], [ 6, 1 ], [ 0, 0 ]]],
      [[[ 1, 1], [ 2, 1], [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], [ 1, 1 ]]]
    ]
  }
}

7.几何集合(GeometryCollectionn)

{
  "type":"GeometryCollection",
  "geometries":[
    {
      "type":"MultiPoint",
      "coordinate":[
        [116.259470, 39.913501],
        [116.280423, 39.913833],
        [116.301550, 39.913710]
      ]
    },
    {
      "type":"MultiPolygon",
      "coordinate":[
        [[[ 0, 0 ], [ 3, 6 ], [ 6, 1 ], [ 0, 0 ]]],
        [[[ 1, 1], [ 2, 1], [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], [ 1, 1 ]]]
      ]
    }
  ]
}