史上最全Python飞机大战（外星人入侵）
论述
最近，在学习Python，前面已经写了一个比较比较简单地飞机大战，这次我们增加一点难度，给飞机大战添加更多的功能，代码内容也相应的会增加不少，其代码块主要分为8块，详细内容如下：
1.主程序块：alien_invasion.py
该py文件为游戏的主要运行程序，其代码内容如下：
# author: jinxian time:2020/5/22
import sys
import pygame
from ship import Ship
from setting import Settings
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
from Alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoerboard
def run_game():
#初始化pygame
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_width))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
#创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例,并创建记分牌
stats =GameStats(ai_settings)
sb = Scoerboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
#创建play按钮
play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
#创建一艘飞船
ship = Ship(screen,ai_settings)
#创建一个存储子弹的编组
bullets = Group()
#创建一个外星人编组
aliens = Group()
#创建外星人群
gf.creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
#创建一个外星人
#alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
#开始游戏循环
while True:
#监听键盘和鼠标事件
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
if stats.game_active:
ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
#每次循环时都重绘屏幕,让最近绘制的屏幕可见
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
run_game()
2.游戏设置模块：setting.py
该模块主要存储游戏的设置的相关参数，以便集中统一管理，内容如下：
# author: jinxian time:2020/5/22
class Settings(object):
"""存储游戏所有设置的类"""
#初始化游戏的静态设置
def __init__(self):
"""初始化游戏的设置"""
self.screen_width = 600
self.screen_height = 600
self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
#计分
self.alien_points = 50
#飞船的生命
self.ship_limit = 3
# 外星人下落的速度
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
#子弹设置
self.bullet_width = 3
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
self.bullets_allowed = 3
#以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏
self.speedup_scale =1.1
self.score_scale = 1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
"""初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
#飞船的速度
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
#外星人速度
self.alien_speed_factor = 0.5
#子弹的速度
self.bullet_speed_factor = 1
#fleet_direction为1表示向右移动，-1表示向左移动
self.fleet_direction = 1
def increase_speed(self):
"""提高速度设置和外星人的点数"""
self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
3.游戏状态模块：game_stats.py
该模块主要是用于游戏状态的设置，跟踪游戏的统计信息，其内容如下：
# author: jinxian time:2020/5/29
class GameStats(object):
"""跟踪游戏的统计信息"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings):
"""初始化统计信息"""
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.reset_stats()
#让游戏一开始处于非活动状态
self.game_active = False
#在任何情况下都不应该重置最高得分
self.high_score = 0
def reset_stats(self):
"""初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
self.ship_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
self.score = 0
self.level = 1
4.计分模块scoreboard.py
该模块主要功能是用来记录游戏当前的得分，最高分，以及当前游戏等级，内容如下：
# author: jinxian time:2020/6/1
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoerboard():
"""显示得分信息的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.stats = stats
#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
self.text_color = (30,30,30)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None ,48)
#准备初始得分图像
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
self.prep_ships()
def prep_ships(self):
"""显示还剩下多少飞船"""
self.ships = Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ship_left):
ship = Ship(self.screen,self.ai_settings)
ship.rect.x =10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y = 10
self.ships.add(ship)
def prep_level(self):
"""将等级转换为渲染的图像"""
self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将等级放在得分下方
self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom +10
def prep_high_score(self):
"""将最高得分转化为渲染的图像"""
high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top = self.screen_rect.top
def prep_score(self):
"""将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""
round_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
score_str = "{:,}".format(round_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将得分放在屏幕右上角
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right-20
self.score_rect.top = 20
def show_score(self):
"""在屏幕上显示得分"""
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
#绘制飞船
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
5.外星人类Alien.py
该模块主要存储了外星人的相关设置，包括其图像、初始位置等，其代码内容如下：
# author: jinxian time:2020/5/27
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
"""表示单个外星人的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_sttings,screen):
"""初始化外星人，并设置其初始位置"""
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_sttings
#加载外星人图像，并设置其rect值
self.image = pygame.image.load("images\\alien.bmp")
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
#每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
#存储外星人的准确位置
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制外星人"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def check_edges(self):
"""如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回TRUE"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >=screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left <= 0:
return True
def update(self):
"""向左或者向右移动外星人"""
self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x = self.x
6.飞船类ship.py
该类主要是用于设置飞船的相关参数，内容如下：
# author: jinxian time:2020/5/23
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
def __init__(self,screen,ai_settings):
"""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings =ai_settings
#加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
self.image = pygame.image.load("images\ship.bmp")
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
#将每艘飞船放在屏幕底部中央
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
#在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
#移动标志
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def update(self):
"""根据移动标志，调整飞船位置"""
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self .screen_rect.right:
self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
#根据center更新rect对象
self.rect.centerx = self.center
def center_ship(self):
"""让飞船在屏幕上居中"""
self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
子弹类bullet.py
该模块主要是设置飞船发射的子弹的相关参数，其内容如下：
# author: jinxian time:2020/5/25
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
"""一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
"""在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
#在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
#存储用小数表示的子弹位置
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
self.color =ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
"""向上移动子弹"""
#更新表示子弹位置的小数值
self.y -= self.speed_factor
#更新表示子弹的rect的位置
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
"""在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
按钮类button.py
该模块是主要给游戏提供一个开始的按钮，点击之后才能开始游戏，代码内容如下：
# author: jinxian time:2020/6/1
import pygame.font
class Button():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
"""初始化按钮的属性"""
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
#设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
self.width,self.height = 200,50
self.button_color =(0,255,0)
self.text_color = (255,255,255)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
#创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center =self.screen_rect.center
#按钮标签只需要创建一次
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self,msg):
"""将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
"""绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮"""
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
一起来happy
最后所有代码准备完毕，即可快乐的完游戏啦，最终运行的结果如下图所示，一共有3条命哦，有问题可以交流哈！！
