001.Ubuntu下VSCode的安装与配置及Makefile编译HelloWorld
PS：新手学习，如有错误，欢迎指出
1，到页面https://code.visualstudio.com/Download下载VSCode的离线deb包
2，在ubuntu下使用“sudo dpkg -i 文件名.deb”安装
3，安装完毕后，用“code”打开编辑器
4，在左侧第五个图标下，搜索C，安装
5，新建文件HelloWorld.c保存，注意此时并不能开始Debug，因为VSCode是以文件夹作为工作目录的，所以需要载入文件夹OpenFolder，如图
6，点击Debug按钮，可以选择调试器，选择GCC，此时自动生成launch.json文件，暂时只需要修改两个地方，详细可参考https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/debugging
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(gdb) Launch",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/HelloWorld", //改为要生成的可执行文件的名字
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": true,
"preLaunchTask": "build", //设定一个任务名称，会在tasks.json中用到，表示在执行可执行任务前，进行的工作，如编译等
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
]
}
]
}7，在View下打开Command Pallette，搜索Task，选择Tasks:Configure Task，之后选择Others，生成tasks.json文件
8，将以下内容复制替换到tasks.json文件，详细参考https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/tasks，这里完成的工作是，用Makefile编译连接HelloWorld.c
{
// See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
// for the documentation about the tasks.json format
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks":
[
{
"label": "build", //任务名称，和launch.json中一致，即执行这个任务
"type": "shell",
"command": "make clean; make", //执行命令是make clean和make，若直接使用gcc命令行，替换即可
"args":[],
"problemMatcher": //这个字段是发生错误时，信息的匹配
{
"owner":"cpp",
"fileLocation":["relative","${workspaceFolder}"],
"pattern": [
{
"regexp": "^([^\\s].*)$",
"file": 1
},
{
"regexp": "^\\s+(\\d+):(\\d+)\\s+(error|warning|info)\\s+(.*)\\s\\s+(.*)$",
"line": 1,
"column": 2,
"severity": 3,
"message": 4,
"code": 5,
"loop": true
}
]
}
}
]
}