开发ROS 程序包控制机械臂

ROS(Robot Operation System)是一个机器人软件平台,提供一些标准操作系统服务,例如硬件抽象,底层设备控制,常用功能实现,进程间消息以及数据包管理。ROS是基于一种图状架构,从而不同节点的进程能接受,发布,聚合各种信息(例如传感,控制,状态,规划等等)。目前ROS主要支持Ubuntu。ROS(低层)使用BSD许可证,所有都是开源软件,并能免费用于研究和商业用途。由于其强大的功能、全面的信息及方便快捷的开发,使得开源的ROS逐渐成为机器人开发者首选的开发工具和平台。更多学习内容详见网页 http://wiki.ros.org/cn。
为了学习ROS系统,实现ROS系统对单片机的数据通讯和控制,试着通过在Ubuntu虚拟机下编写ROS程序包,使用键盘(也可以是鼠标)控制UARM机械臂。这样,原本控制单片机靠的是在Windows系统上安装的鼠标控制程序MouseControl_V1.0.5.exe,现在要被在Ubuntu系统下运行的ROS程序包所取代。原先已经烧写到单片机内的程序不作更改。
这部分工作是在一位资深搞ROS的小伙伴帮助指导下完成的。在ROS下建立两个节点(NODE)或程序包(PACKAGE)和一个话题(TOPIC),第一个节点负责捕捉电脑键盘信息,并向话题发送消息(MESSAGE);话题收到消息后向外发送;第二个节点接收话题传过来的消息,并向单片机串口发送数据。每帧数据含11个字节。在本项目中,节点间传输的消息为按键按下所表征的机械臂运动信息。
ROS程序编写前需要先获取UARM官方所提供的程序中单片机串口通讯、舵机控制等的相关信息。
在ROS里主要编写三个程序代码:消息发送程序包ros_uarm.cpp、消息接收程序包get_msg.cpp和话题uarm_keyboard.msg。他们的代码如下:

1) ros_uarm.cpp:

#include 
#include 
#include "UF_ARM.h"
#include "serial/serial.h"
#define delta_increment 2;
#define rotate_delta_increment 1;
std::string port;
std::string keyboard_topic_;
int32_t baud;
serial::Serial ser;
struct motor_velocity
{
        int16_t height;
        int16_t stretch;
        int16_t rotate;
        int16_t hand;
};
motor_velocity arm_robot;
uint8_t SerialBuf[11];
void keyboardCallback(const keyboard_resolve::uarm_keyboard& omni_velocity)
{

        if (omni_velocity.hand_catch)
        {
                SerialBuf[10] = 1;
        }
        if (omni_velocity.hand_release)
        {
                SerialBuf[10] = 2;
        }
        if (omni_velocity.height_down || omni_velocity.height_up)
        {
                if (omni_velocity.height_down)
                {
                        arm_robot.height -= delta_increment;
                }
                if (omni_velocity.height_up)
                {
                        arm_robot.height += delta_increment;
                }
                 if (arm_robot.height < ARM_HEIGHT_MIN)
                {
                        arm_robot.height = ARM_HEIGHT_MIN;

                }
                 else if (arm_robot.height > ARM_HEIGHT_MAX)
                {
                        arm_robot.height = ARM_HEIGHT_MAX;
                }
                SerialBuf[7] = arm_robot.height & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[6] = (arm_robot.height >> 8) & 0xff;
        }
        if (omni_velocity.rotate_left || omni_velocity.rotate_right)
        {
                if (omni_velocity.rotate_left)
                {
                        arm_robot.rotate -= rotate_delta_increment;
                }
                if (omni_velocity.rotate_right)
                {
                        arm_robot.rotate += rotate_delta_increment;
                }
                if (arm_robot.rotate < ARM_ROTATION_MIN)
                {
                        arm_robot.rotate = ARM_ROTATION_MIN;

                }
                else if (arm_robot.rotate > ARM_ROTATION_MAX)
                {
                        arm_robot.rotate = ARM_ROTATION_MAX;
                }
                SerialBuf[3] = arm_robot.rotate & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[2] = (arm_robot.rotate >> 8) & 0xff;
        }
        if (omni_velocity.stretch_back || omni_velocity.stretch_up)
        {
                if (omni_velocity.stretch_back)
                {
                        arm_robot.stretch -= delta_increment;
                }
                if (omni_velocity.stretch_up)
                {
                        arm_robot.stretch += delta_increment;
                }
                if (arm_robot.stretch < ARM_STRETCH_MIN)
                {
                        arm_robot.stretch = ARM_STRETCH_MIN;

                }
                else if (arm_robot.stretch > ARM_STRETCH_MAX)
                {
                        arm_robot.stretch = ARM_STRETCH_MAX;
                }
                SerialBuf[5] = arm_robot.stretch & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[4] = (arm_robot.stretch >> 8) & 0xff;
        }
        if (omni_velocity.reset)
        {
         arm_robot.stretch = 0;
         arm_robot.rotate = 0;
         arm_robot.height = 0;
                SerialBuf[0] = 0xFF;
                SerialBuf[1] = 0xAA;
                SerialBuf[3] = arm_robot.rotate & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[2] = (arm_robot.rotate >> 8) & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[5] = arm_robot.stretch & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[4] = (arm_robot.stretch >> 8) & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[7] = arm_robot.height & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[6] = (arm_robot.height >> 8) & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[8] = 0;
                SerialBuf[9] = 0;
                SerialBuf[10] = 0;
        }
        std::cout<.hand<<"\n"<.height<<"\n"<.rotate<<"\n"<.stretch<<"\n";
        ser.write(SerialBuf, 11);
        std::cout << omni_velocity << "\n";
        }
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
        ros::init(argc, argv, "get_msg");
         ros::NodeHandle node;
         node.param<std::string>("keyboard_topic", keyboard_topic_, "uarm_keyboard");
         node.param<std::string>("serial_port", port, "/dev/ttyUSB0");
         node.param("baud",baud,9600);
         ser.setPort(port);
         ser.setBaudrate(baud);
         serial::Timeout to = serial::Timeout(50, 50, 0, 50, 0);
         ser.setTimeout(to);
                         if (ser.isOpen())
                {
                        ser.close();
                }
                ros::Rate wait_serial(1);
                int time_count = 0;
                while (!ser.isOpen()&&ros:k())
                {
                        try
                        {
                                ser.open();
                        }
                        catch (const std::exception& e)
                        {
                                ROS_ERROR("Unable to connect to port.");
                        }
                        time_count++;
                        ROS_INFO("wait for about %ds", time_count);
                        wait_serial.sleep();
                }
         if (ser.isOpen())
         {
                 ROS_INFO("Successfully connected to serial port.");

         }
         arm_robot.stretch = 0;
         arm_robot.rotate = 0;
         arm_robot.height = 0;
         SerialBuf[0] = 0xFF;
         SerialBuf[1] = 0xAA;
                SerialBuf[3] = arm_robot.rotate & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[2] = (arm_robot.rotate >> 8) & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[5] = arm_robot.stretch & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[4] = (arm_robot.stretch >> 8) & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[7] = arm_robot.height & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[6] = (arm_robot.height >> 8) & 0xff;
         SerialBuf[8] = 0;
         SerialBuf[9] = 0;
         SerialBuf[10] = 0;
         ser.write(SerialBuf, 11);
         ros::Subscriber sub = node.subscribe(keyboard_topic_, 10, keyboardCallback);//subsribe the topic
         ros::spin();
          arm_robot.stretch = 0;
         arm_robot.rotate = 0;
         arm_robot.height = 0;
         SerialBuf[0] = 0xFF;
         SerialBuf[1] = 0xAA;
                SerialBuf[3] = arm_robot.rotate & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[2] = (arm_robot.rotate >> 8) & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[5] = arm_robot.stretch & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[4] = (arm_robot.stretch >> 8) & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[7] = arm_robot.height & 0xff;
                SerialBuf[6] = (arm_robot.height >> 8) & 0xff;
         SerialBuf[8] = 0;
         SerialBuf[9] = 0;
         SerialBuf[10] = 0;
         ser.write(SerialBuf, 11);
         return 0;
}

2) uarm_keyboard.msg:

bool rotate_left

bool rotate_right

bool stretch_up

bool stretch_back

bool height_up

bool height_down

bool hand_catch

bool hand_release

bool reset

你可能感兴趣的:(ROS)