linux命令rename , tr 的命令使用
1:linux 有时需要进行批量修改文件名，这时就使用到了rename命令很方便
2:在写shell脚本的时候，经常需要替换字符串，这个使用使用tr命令很方便
rename命令，先使用man命令查看使用方法
[root@sftp01 shell]# man rename
RENAME(1) Linux Programmer’s Manual RENAME(1)
NAME
rename - Rename files
SYNOPSIS
rename from to file...
DESCRIPTION
rename will rename the specified files by replacing the first occurrence of from in their name by to.
For example, given the files foo1, ..., foo9, foo10, ..., foo278, the commands
rename foo foo0 foo?
rename foo foo0 foo??
will turn them into foo001, ..., foo009, foo010, ..., foo278.
And
rename .htm .html *.htm
will fix the extension of your html files.
SEE ALSO
mmv(1), mv(1)
1 January 2000 RENAME(1)
[root@sftp01 shell]#
从上面解释看，rename 的命令格式为 rename 需要修改的字符 需要修改成的字符 需要修改的文件
eg:
[root@sftp01 test]# touch aa01.txt
[root@sftp01 test]# touch aa02.txt
[root@sftp01 test]# touch aa03.txt
[root@sftp01 test]# touch aa11.txt
[root@sftp01 test]#
[root@sftp01 test]# rename aa bb aa*.txt
[root@sftp01 test]# ll
总计 0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:01 bb01.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb02.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb03.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb11.txt
[root@sftp01 test]# rename 0 1 bb0*
[root@sftp01 test]# ll
总计 0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:01 bb11.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb12.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb13.txt
[root@sftp01 test]# rename 1 5 bb11.txt
[root@sftp01 test]# ll
总计 0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb12.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb13.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:01 bb51.txt
[root@sftp01 test]#
tr命令，先通过man命令查询使用方法
[root@MGHJ-YW-mg-sftp01 test]# man tr
TR(1) User Commands TR(1)
NAME
tr - translate or delete characters
SYNOPSIS
tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
DESCRIPTION
Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output.
-c, -C, --complement
first complement SET1
-d, --delete
delete characters in SET1, do not translate
-s, --squeeze-repeats
replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character
-t, --truncate-set1
first truncate SET1 to length of SET2
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves. Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2
all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*]
in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT]
REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:]
all letters and digits
[:alpha:]
all letters
[:blank:]
all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:]
all control characters
[:digit:]
all digits
[:graph:]
all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:]
all lower case letters
[:print:]
all printable characters, including space
[:punct:]
all punctuation characters
[:space:]
all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:]
all upper case letters
[:xdigit:]
all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=]
all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear. -t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of SET1
by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to expand in
ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. -s uses SET1 if not translating
nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after translation or deletion.
AUTHOR
Written by Jim Meyering.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
SEE ALSO
The full documentation for tr is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and tr programs are properly installed at your site, the command
info tr
should give you access to the complete manual.
tr 5.97 May 2011 TR(1)
从解释来看，tr命令是一个强大的字符串替换命令，主要有三个参数，开始进行总结和测试
针对参数
-c或——complerment：取代所有不属于第一字符集的字符； -d或——delete：删除所有属于第一字符集的字符； -s或--squeeze-repeats：把连续重复的字符以单独一个字符表示； -t或--truncate-set1：先删除第一字符集较第二字符集多出的字符。
进行命令测试：
[root@sftp01 test]# echo "TEST TEST" | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'
test test
[root@sftp01 test]# echo "TEST 123 TEST 123" | tr -d '1 2 3'
TESTTEST
[root@sftp01 test]# echo "TESTTT 123 TEESSTT" | tr -s 'TES'
TEST 123 TEST
[root@sftp01 test]#
[root@sftp01 test]# cat 11.txt
11
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
22
[root@sftp01 test]# cat 11.txt | tr '\n' ' '
11 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 22
[root@sftp01 test]#
[root@sftp01 test]#