简介： 在大数据时代，存在大量基于数据的业务。数据需要在不同的系统之间流动、整合。通常，核心业务系统的数据存在OLTP数据库系统中，其它业务系统需要获取OLTP系统中的数据。传统的数仓通过批量数据同步的方式，定期从OLTP系统中抽取数据。
背景
在大数据时代，存在大量基于数据的业务。数据需要在不同的系统之间流动、整合。通常，核心业务系统的数据存在OLTP数据库系统中，其它业务系统需要获取OLTP系统中的数据。传统的数仓通过批量数据同步的方式，定期从OLTP系统中抽取数据。但是随着业务需求的升级，批量同步无论从实时性，还是对在线OLTP系统的抽取压力，都无法满足要求。需要实时从OLTP系统中获取数据变更，实时同步到下游业务系统。
本文基于Oracle OGG，介绍一种将Oracle数据库的数据实时同步到Kafka消息队列的方法。
Kafka是一种高效的消息队列实现，通过订阅kafka的消息队列，下游系统可以实时获取在线Oracle系统的数据变更情况，实现业务系统。
环境介绍
组件版本
整体架构图
名词解释
1.OGG Manager
OGG Manager用于配置和管理其它OGG组件，配置数据抽取、数据推送、数据复制，启动和停止相关组件，查看相关组件的运行情况。
2.数据抽取（Extract）
抽取源端数据库的变更（DML, DDL）。数据抽取主要分如下几种类型：
本地抽取
从本地数据库捕获增量变更数据，写入到本地Trail文件
数据推送（Data Pump）
从本地Trail文件读取数据，推送到目标端。
初始数据抽取
从数据库表中导出全量数据，用于初次数据加载
3.数据推送（Data Pump）
Data Pump是一种特殊的数据抽取（Extract）类型，从本地Trail文件中读取数据，并通过网络将数据发送到目标端OGG
4.Trail文件
数据抽取从源端数据库抓取到的事物变更信息会写入到Trail文件。
5.数据接收（Collector）
数据接收程序运行在目标端机器，用于接收Data Pump发送过来的Trail日志，并将数据写入到本地Trail文件。
6.数据复制（Replicat）
数据复制运行在目标端机器，从Trail文件读取数据变更，并将变更数据应用到目标端数据存储系统。本案例中，数据复制将数据推送到kafka消息队列。
7.检查点（Checkpoint）
检查点用于记录数据库事物变更。
操作步骤
源端Oracle配置
1.检查归档
使用OGG，需要在源端开启归档日志
SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch Oldest online log sequence 2576 Next log sequence to archive 2577 Current log sequence 2577
2.检查数据库配置
SQL> select force_logging, supplemental_log_data_min from v$database; FORCE_LOGG SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MI ---------- ------------------------ YES YES
如果没有开启辅助日志，需要开启：
SQL> alter database force logging; SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;
3.开启goldengate复制参数
SQL> alter system set enable_goldengate_replication = true;
4.创建源端Oracle账号
SQL> create tablespace tbs_ogg datafile '/oradata/dtstack/tbs_ogg.dbf' size 1024M autoextend on; SQL> create user ggsadmin identified by oracle default tablespace tbs_ogg; SQL> grant dba to ggsadmin;
5.创建测试表
SQL> create table baiyang.ora_to_kfk as select OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, SUBOBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID, DATA_OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_TYPE from all_objects where object_id < 500; SQL> alter table baiyang.ora_to_kfk add constraint pk_kfk_obj primary key(object_id); SQL> select count(*) from baiyang.ora_to_kfk; COUNT(*) ---------- 436
源端OGG配置
1.检查源端OGG环境
cd /oradata/oggorcl/ogg ./ggsci GGSCI (dtproxy) 1> info all Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt MANAGER STOPPED
2.创建相关文件夹
GGSCI (dtproxy) 2> create subdirs Creating subdirectories under current directory /oradata/oggorcl/ogg Parameter file /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirprm: created. Report file /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirrpt: created. Checkpoint file /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirchk: created. Process status files /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirpcs: created. SQL script files /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirsql: created. Database definitions files /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirdef: created. Extract data files /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirdat: created. Temporary files /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirtmp: created. Credential store files /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dircrd: created. Masterkey wallet files /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirwlt: created. Dump files /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirdmp: created
3.配置源端Manager
GGSCI (dtproxy) 4> dblogin userid ggsadmin password oracle Successfully logged into database. GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 5> edit param ./globals
添加
oggschema ggsadmin GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 6> edit param mgr
添加
PORT 7810 --默认监听端口 DYNAMICPORTLIST 7811-7820 --动态端口列表 AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,RETRIES 5,WAITMINUTES 3 --进程有问题，每3分钟重启一次，一共重启五次 PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 7 --*/ LAGREPORTHOURS 1 --每隔一小时检查一次传输延迟情况 LAGINFOMINUTES 30 --传输延时超过30分钟将写入错误日志 LAGCRITICALMINUTES 45 --传输延时超过45分钟将写入警告日志 PURGEMARKERHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 7 --定期清理trail文件 ACCE***ULE, PROG *, IPADDR 172.*.*.*, ALLOW --设定172网段可连接
添加同步的表
GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 9> add trandata baiyang.ora_to_kfk Oracle Goldengate marked following column as key columns on table BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK: OBJECT_ID. GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 10> info trandata baiyang.ora_to_kfk Prepared CSN for table BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK: 192881239
目标端OGG配置
1.目标端检查环境
GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 1> info all Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt MANAGER STOPPED
2.创建目录
GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 2> create subdirs Creating subdirectories under current directory /app/ogg Parameter file /app/ogg/dirprm: created. Report file /app/ogg/dirrpt: created. Checkpoint file /app/ogg/dirchk: created. Process status files /app/ogg/dirpcs: created. SQL script files /app/ogg/dirsql: created. Database definitions files /app/ogg/dirdef: created. Extract data files /app/ogg/dirdat: created. Temporary files /app/ogg/dirtmp: created. Credential store files /app/ogg/dircrd: created. Masterkey wallet files /app/ogg/dirwlt: created. Dump files /app/ogg/dirdmp: created.
3.目标端Manager配置
GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 3> edit params mgr
添加
PORT 7810 DYNAMICPORTLIST 7811-7820 AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,RETRIES 5,WAITMINUTES 3 PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*,usecheckpoints, minkeepdays 3 GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 4> edit param ./GLOBALS CHECKPOINTTABLE ggsadmin.checkpoint
全量数据同步
1.配置源端数据初始化
配置源端初始化进程
GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 15> add extract initkfk,sourceistable
配置源端初始化参数
GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 16> edit params initkfk
添加
EXTRACT initkfk SETENV (NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8) USERID ggsadmin,PASSWORD oracle RMTHOST 172.16.101.242, MGRPORT 7810 RMTFILE ./dirdat/ekfk,maxfiles 999, megabytes 500 table baiyang.ora_to_kfk;
2.源端生成表结构define文件
GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 17> edit param define_kfk
添加
defsfile /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt userid ggsadmin,password oracle table baiyang.ora_to_kfk;
执行
$./defgen paramfile dirprm/define_kfk.prm -- Definitions generated for 1 table in /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt
将此文件传输到目标段dirdef文件夹
scp /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt 172.16.101.242:/app/ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt
3.配置目标端数据初始化进程
配置目标端初始化进程
GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 3> ADD replicat initkfk,specialrun GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 6> edit params initkfk
添加
SPECIALRUN end runtime setenv(NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8") targetdb libfile libggjava.so set property=./dirprm/kafka.props SOURCEDEFS ./dirdef/define_kfk.txt EXTFILE ./dirdat/ekfk000000 reportcount every 1 minutes, rate grouptransops 10000 map baiyang.ora_to_kfk,target baiyang.ora_to_kfk;
4.配置kafka相关参数vi ./dirprm/kafka.props
添加
gg.handlerlist=kafkahandler gg.handler.kafkahandler.type=kafka gg.handler.kafkahandler.KafkaProducerConfigFile=custom_kafka_producer.properties gg.handler.kafkahandler.topicMappingTemplate=test_ogg gg.handler.kafkahandler.format=json gg.handler.kafkahandler.mode=op gg.classpath=dirprm/:/data/kafka_2.12-2.2.0/libs/*:/app/ogg/:/app/ogg/lib/* --*/
vi custom_kafka_producer.properties
添加
bootstrap.servers=172.16.101.242:9092 acks=1 compression.type=gzip reconnect.backoff.ms=1000 value.serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.ByteArraySerializer key.serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.ByteArraySerializer batch.size=102400 linger.ms=10000
5.源端开启全量数据抽取
源端
GGSCI (dtproxy) 20> start mgr GGSCI (dtproxy) 21> start initkfk
6.目标端全量数据应用
GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 13> start mgr ./replicat paramfile ./dirprm/initkfk.prm reportfile ./dirrpt/init01.rpt -p INITIALDATALOAD
7.kafka数据验证
使用kafka客户端工具查看topic的数据
bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test_ogg --from-beginning {"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 20:23:19.703779","current_ts":"2019-11-11T20:48:55.946000","pos":"-0000000000000000001","after":{"OWNER":"SYS","OBJECT_NAME":"C_OBJ#","SUBOBJECT_NAME":null,"OBJECT_ID":2,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":2,"OBJECT_TYPE":"CLUSTER"}} {"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 20:23:19.703779","current_ts":"2019-11-11T20:48:56.289000","pos":"-0000000000000000001","after":{"OWNER":"SYS","OBJECT_NAME":"I_OBJ#","SUBOBJECT_NAME":null,"OBJECT_ID":3,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":3,"OBJECT_TYPE":"INDEX"}}
全量数据已经同步到目标kafka topic
增量数据同步
1.源端抽取进程配置
GGSCI (dtproxy) 9> edit param extkfk
添加
dynamicresolution SETENV (ORACLE_SID = "dtstack") SETENV (NLS_LANG = "american_america.AL32UTF8") userid ggsadmin,password oracle exttrail ./dirdat/to table baiyang.ora_to_kfk;
添加extract进程
GGSCI (dtproxy) 10> add extract extkfk,tranlog,begin now
添加trail文件的定义与extract进程绑定
GGSCI (dtproxy) 11> add exttrail ./dirdat/to,extract extkfk
2.源端数据推送进程配置
配置源端推送进程
GGSCI (dtproxy) 12> edit param pupkfk
添加
extract pupkfk passthru dynamicresolution userid ggsadmin,password oracle rmthost 172.16.101.242 mgrport 7810 rmttrail ./dirdat/to table baiyang.ora_to_kfk;
添加extract进程
GGSCI (dtproxy) 13> add extract pupkfk,exttrailsource /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirdat/to
添加trail文件的定义与extract进程绑定
GGSCI (dtproxy) 14> add rmttrail ./dirdat/to,extract pupkfk
3.配置目标端恢复进程
配置目标端恢复进程
edit param repkfk
添加
REPLICAT repkfk SOURCEDEFS ./dirdef/define_kfk.txt targetdb libfile libggjava.so set property=./dirprm/kafka.props REPORTCOUNT EVERY 1 MINUTES, RATE GROUPTRANSOPS 10000 MAP baiyang.ora_to_kfk, TARGET baiyang.ora_to_kfk;
添加trail文件到replicate进程
add replicat repkfk exttrail ./dirdat/to,checkpointtable ggsadmin.checkpoint
4.源端开启实时数据抓取
./ggsci GGSCI (dtproxy) 5> start extkfk Sending START request to MANAGER ... EXTRACT EXTKFK starting GGSCI (dtproxy) 6> start pupkfk Sending START request to MANAGER ... EXTRACT PUPKFK starting GGSCI (dtproxy) 7> status all Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt MANAGER RUNNING EXTRACT RUNNING EXTKFK 00:00:00 00:00:10 EXTRACT RUNNING PUPKFK 00:00:00 00:00:00
5.目标端开启实时数据同步
./ggsci GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 7> start replicat repkfk Sending START request to MANAGER ... REPLICAT REPKFK starting GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 8> info all Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt MANAGER RUNNING REPLICAT RUNNING REPKFK 00:00:00 00:00:00
6.测试增量数据同步
Oracle插入增量数据
SQL> insert into baiyang.ora_to_kfk select OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, SUBOBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID, DATA_OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_TYPE from all_objects where object_id >500 and object_id < 1000; SQL> commit; SQL> select count(*) from baiyang.ora_to_kfk; COUNT(*) ---------- 905
查看Kafka消息队列消费数据
{"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 21:04:11.158786","current_ts":"2019-11-11T21:10:54.042000","pos":"00000000000000075298","after":{"OWNER":"SYS","OBJECT_NAME":"APPLY$_READER_STATS","SUBOBJECT_NAME":null,"OBJECT_ID":998,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":998,"OBJECT_TYPE":"TABLE"}} {"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 21:04:11.158786","current_ts":"2019-11-11T21:10:54.042001","pos":"00000000000000075459","after":{"OWNER":"SYS","OBJECT_NAME":"APPLY$_READER_STATS_I","SUBOBJECT_NAME":null,"OBJECT_ID":999,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":999,"OBJECT_TYPE":"INDEX"}}
源端Oracle删除数据
SQL> delete from baiyang.ora_to_kfk ; 906 rows deleted. SQL> commit;
查看kafka消息队列消费数据
{"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"D","op_ts":"2019-11-11 21:13:11.166184","current_ts":"2019-11-11T21:13:17.449007","pos":"00000000000000216645","before":{"OWNER":"x1","OBJECT_NAME":"SSSSS","SUBOBJECT_NAME":"z1","OBJECT_ID":111000,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":2000,"OBJECT_TYPE":"x1"}}
源端插入数据
SQL> insert into baiyang.ora_to_kfk values('汉字', 'y1', 'z1', 111000,2000,'x1'); 1 row created. SQL> commit;
查看kafka消息队列消费数据
{"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 21:14:21.167454","current_ts":"2019-11-11T21:14:26.497000","pos":"00000000000000216794","after":{"OWNER":"汉字","OBJECT_NAME":"y1","SUBOBJECT_NAME":"z1","OBJECT_ID":111000,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":2000,"OBJECT_TYPE":"x1"}}
总结
使用OGG可以方便地将Oracle的数据变更情况实时同步到Kafka消息队列。下游业务系统通过订阅kafka的消息队列，能方便地实现各类实时数据的应用。
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