五 自定义View LayoutParams

知识点整理

  • 1. LayoutParams
  • 2. MarginLayoutParams
  • 3 LayoutParams与View如何建立联系
  • 4 自定义LayoutParams
    • 4.1 创建自定义属性
    • 4.2 继承MarginLayout
    • 4.3 重写ViewGroup中几个与LayoutParams相关的方法
  • 5 LayoutParams常见的子类

1. LayoutParams

LayoutParams翻译过来就是布局参数,子View通过LayoutParams告诉父容器(ViewGroup)应该如何放置自己。
从这个定义中也可以看出来LayoutParams与ViewGroup是息息相关的,因此脱离ViewGroup谈LayoutParams是没
有意义的。
事实上,每个ViewGroup的子类都有自己对应的LayoutParams类,典型的如LinearLayout.LayoutParams和
FrameLayout.LayoutParams等,可以看出来LayoutParams都是对应ViewGroup子类的内部类。

2. MarginLayoutParams

MarginLayoutParams
MarginLayoutParams是和外间距有关的。事实也确实如此,和LayoutParams相比,MarginLayoutParams只是增加了对上下左右外间距的支持。实际上大部分LayoutParams的实现类都是继承自MarginLayoutParams,因为基本所有的父容器都是支持子View设置外间距的

  • 属性优先级问题 MarginLayoutParams主要就是增加了上下左右4种外间距。在构造方法中,先是获取了margin属性;如果该值不合法,就获取horizontalMargin;如果该值不合法,再去获取leftMargin和rightMargin属性(verticalMargin、topMargin和bottomMargin同理)。我们可以据此总结出这几种属性的优先级.
margin > horizontalMargin和verticalMargin > leftMargin和RightMargin、topMargin和bottomMargin
  • 属性覆盖问题 优先级更高的属性会覆盖掉优先级较低的属性。此外,还要注意一下这几种属性上的注释
Call {@link ViewGroup#setLayoutParams(LayoutParams)} after reassigning a new value

3 LayoutParams与View如何建立联系

  • 在XML中定义View
  • 在Java代码中直接生成View对应的实例对象
    addView
/**
* 重载方法1:添加一个子View
* 如果这个子View还没有LayoutParams,就为子View设置当前ViewGroup默认的LayoutParams
*/
public void addView(View child) {
  addView(child, -1);
}
/**
* 重载方法2:在指定位置添加一个子View
* 如果这个子View还没有LayoutParams,就为子View设置当前ViewGroup默认的LayoutParams
* @param index View将在ViewGroup中被添加的位置(-1代表添加到末尾)
*/
public void addView(View child, int index) {
  if (child == null) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot add a null child view to a ViewGroup");
 }
  LayoutParams params = child.getLayoutParams();
  if (params == null) {
    params = generateDefaultLayoutParams();// 生成当前ViewGroup默认的LayoutParams
    if (params == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("generateDefaultLayoutParams() cannot return
null");
   }
 }
  addView(child, index, params);
}
/**
* 重载方法3:添加一个子View
* 使用当前ViewGroup默认的LayoutParams,并以传入参数作为LayoutParams的width和height
*/
public void addView(View child, int width, int height) {
  final LayoutParams params = generateDefaultLayoutParams();  // 生成当前ViewGroup默认的
LayoutParams
  params.width = width;
  params.height = height;
  addView(child, -1, params);
}
/**
* 重载方法4:添加一个子View,并使用传入的LayoutParams
*/
@Override
public void addView(View child, LayoutParams params) {
  addView(child, -1, params);
}
/**
* 重载方法4:在指定位置添加一个子View,并使用传入的LayoutParams
*/
public void addView(View child, int index, LayoutParams params) {
  if (child == null) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot add a null child view to a ViewGroup");
 }

// addViewInner() will call child.requestLayout() when setting the new LayoutParams
  // therefore, we call requestLayout() on ourselves before, so that the child's request
  // will be blocked at our level
  requestLayout();
  invalidate(true);
  addViewInner(child, index, params, false);
}
private void addViewInner(View child, int index, LayoutParams params,
    boolean preventRequestLayout) {
 .....
  if (mTransition != null) {
    mTransition.addChild(this, child);
 }
  if (!checkLayoutParams(params)) { // ① 检查传入的LayoutParams是否合法
    params = generateLayoutParams(params); // 如果传入的LayoutParams不合法,将进行转化操作
 }
  if (preventRequestLayout) { // ② 是否需要阻止重新执行布局流程
    child.mLayoutParams = params; // 这不会引起子View重新布局(onMeasure->onLayout-
>onDraw)
 } else {
    child.setLayoutParams(params); // 这会引起子View重新布局(onMeasure->onLayout-
>onDraw)
 }
  if (index < 0) {
    index = mChildrenCount;
 }
  addInArray(child, index);
  // tell our children
  if (preventRequestLayout) {
    child.assignParent(this);
 } else {
    child.mParent = this;
 }
 .....
}

4 自定义LayoutParams

4.1 创建自定义属性

<resources>
  <declare-styleable name="xxxViewGroup_Layout">
    <!-- 自定义的属性 -->
    <attr name="layout_simple_attr" format="integer"/>
    <!-- 使用系统预置的属性 -->
    <attr name="android:layout_gravity"/>
  </declare-styleable>
</resources>

4.2 继承MarginLayout

public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams {
  public int simpleAttr;
  public int gravity;
  public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(c, attrs);
    // 解析布局属性
    TypedArray typedArray = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
R.styleable.SimpleViewGroup_Layout);
    simpleAttr =
typedArray.getInteger(R.styleable.SimpleViewGroup_Layout_layout_simple_attr, 0);
  
 gravity=typedArray.getInteger(R.styleable.SimpleViewGroup_Layout_android_layout_gravity,
-1);
    typedArray.recycle();//释放资源
 }
  public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {
    super(width, height);
 }
  public LayoutParams(MarginLayoutParams source) {
    super(source);
 }
  public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams source) {
    super(source);
 }
}

4.3 重写ViewGroup中几个与LayoutParams相关的方法

// 检查LayoutParams是否合法
@Override
protected boolean checkLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
  return p instanceof SimpleViewGroup.LayoutParams;
}
// 生成默认的LayoutParams
@Override
protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {
  return new SimpleViewGroup.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
}
// 对传入的LayoutParams进行转化
@Override
protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
  return new SimpleViewGroup.LayoutParams(p);
}
// 对传入的LayoutParams进行转化
@Override
public ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {
  return new SimpleViewGroup.LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);
}

5 LayoutParams常见的子类

在为View设置LayoutParams的时候需要根据它的父容器选择对应的LayoutParams,否则结果可能与预期不一致,
这里简单罗列一些常见的LayoutParams子类:

  • ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams
  • FrameLayout.LayoutParams
  • LinearLayout.LayoutParams
  • RelativeLayout.LayoutParams
  • RecyclerView.LayoutParams
  • GridLayoutManager.LayoutParams
  • StaggeredGridLayoutManager.LayoutParams
  • ViewPager.LayoutParams
  • WindowManager.LayoutParams

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