使用ionic+angular+phonegap开发APP入门

有时候朋友问我是做什么的？我说以前是用PHP写后台，最近是用H5写前台APP(俗称的Hybrid App); 
在公司做了几个H5的项目之后，有时候也想抽空研究下H5写一些APP；总觉得写APP的开发更加有底气。尽管我偶尔有空也会研究下android，swift（Objective-C实在是难懂，没兴趣深入研究），也希望H5能开发一些不错的APP； 
国内有包括APPCan等公司慢慢在发力，是很不错的趋势；由于mac上面无法使用APPCAN，所以我就没继续研究了，就看国外是怎么的一个过程；偶尔的机会发现了有人用ionic+angularjs+phonegap，很不错的尝试；于是我也想摸索下；

结论：使用上述的方法开发app，是可行的，至少我再android+IOS上面打包是成功了，体验还可以，开发比较方便，基于一些现成的组件；能在1~2天开发一个简单的demo；效率比较高，不过你需要对angularjs有一定的熟悉和了解；H5也一样；所以我也是慢慢学习慢慢研究；

入门必须： 
(1) 看一遍ionic的文档， http://ionicframework.com/ ； 
Ionic 是一个用HTML, CSS 跟JS 开发的一个用于移动设备的web app 开发框架,采用 Sass与AngularJS 开发。

(2) 看一遍phonegap的文档；目前phonegap又取名为cordova；有些常用的命令总结如下：

项目例子：http://my.oschina.net/nosand/blog/294011 
ionic： 
Create hybrid mobile apps with the web technologies you love. 
Free and open source, Ionic offers a library of mobile-optimized HTML, 
CSS and JS components, gestures, and tools for building highly interactive apps. 
Built with Sass and optimized for AngularJS.

Qunee有一个上海地铁图的例子，有客户希望转成mobile app，考察过android的webview，以及PhoneGap等多种Hybrid App方案后，最后选择使用ionic，准确的说是ionic + PhoneGap + Qunee ionic是一种基于HTML5创建Hybrid应用的前端框架，借助phoneGap + angularJS实现一套跨平台，轻量的移动UI方案，本文将介绍借助ionic实现移动版Qunee上海地图的示例 
背景知识

安装ionic所需软件环境 – java, android sdk等

ionic实际上是集大成者，借助了多种技术，自身是一套UI框架，结合PhoneGap实现跨平台移动APP，需要先安装好依赖的程序，比如nodejs, java, ADT, ant, xcode等，并设置好java_home, 添加android sdk tool到环境变量

mac os x下安装ant

brew update 
brew install ant 
#mac osx 下，打开.bash_profile文件 
cd ~ 
open .bash_profile 
#设置相关的Path，mac os x下增加类似下面的内容 
export JAVA_HOME= /usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8

# android 
export PATH=${PATH}:/Users/macbook/WorkSpace/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools:/Users/macbook/WorkSpace/android-sdk-macosx/tools

安装ionic和cordova

需要首先安装好nodejs，然后通过npm来安装

npm install -g cordova ionic 
更多请参考官方文档+google http://ionicframework.com/getting-started/ 
创建ionic项目q-metro

使用下面的命令创建一个新的项目 
ionic start q-metro 
初始目录结构如下

  
     charset="utf-8">
     name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no, width=device-width">
    

     href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/lib/ionic/css/ionic.css" rel="stylesheet">
     href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/css/style.css" rel="stylesheet">

    

    
     src="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/lib/ionic/js/ionic.bundle.js">

    
     src="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/cordova.js">

    
     src="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/js/app.js">
  
   ng-app="app" ng-controller="Metro" animation="slide-left-right-ios7">
     class="bar-dark">
       class="title">{{title}}
    
     scroll="false">
       id="canvas" style="width: 100%; height: 100%;">

src="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/lib/qunee/qunee-min.js">

index.html结构

首先看index.html，是主页面，里面引入了angularjs， cordova等js支持，此外还有app.js, controllers.js, services.js三个文件，这三个文件构建了app的应用逻辑，app是主程序，包含一些设置和启动脚本，services是数据支持部分，也就是model部分，用于提供数据的增删改查操作，controllers用于控制，包含业务逻辑控制代码

先在桌面环境下测试，Chrome运行正常，然后编译成各种移动平台版本，这里以android版本为例 
ionic start q-metro 
cd q-metro 
ionic platform add android 
ionic build android 
ionic run android 
如果要在虚拟机中测试，可以改用 
ionic emulate android 
ionic支持多种移动平台，如果希望创建ios可以将”android”改成”ios” 下面是android设备上真机运行界面如下：

给大家看看一个简单的demo的效果：

源码如下也很简单，供大家学习：

index.html如下：

 ng-app="ionicApp">


   charset="utf-8">
   name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no, width=device-width">

  

  
  
   href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/lib/ionic/css/ionic.beta.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
   src="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/lib/ionic/js/ionic.bundle.beta.min.js">

   src="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/js/app.js">

        


 ng-controller="AppCtrl">

   class="nav-title-slide-ios7 bar-positive">
     class="button-icon ion-arrow-left-c">
    
  

   animation="slide-left-right">

    
   id="menu.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-side-menus>

      <ion-side-menu side="left">
        <ion-header-bar class="bar-positive">
          <h1 class="title">Side Menuh1>
        ion-header-bar>
        <ion-content>
          <ul class="list">
            <a href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/609.html#/menu/tab/buttons" class="item" menu-toggle="left">问答服务a>
            
            
            <a href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/609.html#/menu/about" class="item" menu-toggle="left">Abouta>
          ul>
        ion-content>
      ion-side-menu>

      <ion-side-menu-content>        
        <ion-nav-view name="menuContent">ion-nav-view>
      ion-side-menu-content>

    ion-side-menus>
      
    
   id="tabs.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-nav-bar class="bar-positive">
        <ion-nav-back-button class="button-icon ion-arrow-left-c">
        ion-nav-back-button>

        <ion-nav-buttons side="left">
          <button class="button button-icon button-clear ion-navicon" ng-click="toggleLeft()">button>
        ion-nav-buttons>

        <ion-nav-buttons side="right">
          <button class="button button-icon button-clear ion-compose" ng-click="modal.show()">button>
        ion-nav-buttons>
    ion-nav-bar>
        
    <ion-tabs class="tabs-icon-top tabs-positive">

      <ion-tab title="问答" icon="ion-pricetag" href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/609.html#/menu/tab/buttons">
        <ion-nav-view name="buttons-tab">ion-nav-view>
      ion-tab>

      <ion-tab title="日记" icon="ion-clipboard" href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/609.html#/menu/tab/list">
        <ion-nav-view name="list-tab">ion-nav-view>
      ion-tab>

      <ion-tab title="健康汇" icon="ion-settings" href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/609.html#/menu/tab/form">
        <ion-nav-view name="form-tab">ion-nav-view>
      ion-tab>

    ion-tabs>
  

   id="buttons.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-view title="大咖问答">
      <ion-content class="padding">
        <div class="head" style="background-image: url(img/headImg.jpg);background-size: cover;position:relative;height: 120px;">
        div>
        <div class="item item-divider">
          问答集锦
        div>

        <ion-list>
          <ion-item ng-repeat="testItem in testItems" item="testItem" href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/609.html#/menu/tab/testItem" data-id="{{testItem.id}}">
            问题标题： {{ testItem.title }}
          ion-item>
          ion-list>
      ion-content>
    ion-view>
  

   id="item.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-view title="Item">
      <ion-content class="padding">
        <p>内容暂时没提供p>
      ion-content>
    ion-view>
  

   id="testItem.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-view title="testItem">
      <ion-content class="padding">
        <p>内容暂时没提供p>
      ion-content>
    ion-view>
  

   id="list.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-view title="日记列表">
      <ion-content>
        <ion-list show-delete="data.showDelete" on-delete="onItemDelete(item)" option-buttons="itemButtons">

          <div class="list">
            
            <ion-item ng-repeat="item in items" item="item" href="http://www.webdoes.com/archives/609.html#/menu/tab/item">
              Item {{ item.id }}
            ion-item>
          div>

        ion-list>
      ion-content>
    ion-view>
  

   id="form.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-view title="健康专栏">
      <ion-content class="padding">
        开发中，尽请期待...
        <br>

      ion-content>
    ion-view>
  
    
   id="slidebox.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-view>
      <ion-header-bar class="bar-positive">
          <button class="button button-icon button-clear ion-navicon" ng-click="toggleLeft()">button>
          <h1 class="title">Slide Boxh1>
      ion-header-bar>
      
      <ion-content>
        <ion-slide-box>
          <ion-slide>
            <div class="box">
                <h2>Box #1h2>
                <p>Content goes herep>
            div>
          ion-slide>
          <ion-slide>
            <div class="box">
                <h2>Box #2h2>
                <p>Content goes herep>
            div>
          ion-slide>
          <ion-slide>
            <div class="box">
                <h2>Box #3h2>
                <p>Content goes herep>
            div>
          ion-slide>
        ion-slide-box>
       ion-content>    
    ion-view>
     

   id="keyboard.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-view>
      <ion-header-bar class="bar-positive">
        <button class="button button-icon button-clear ion-navicon" ng-click="toggleLeft()">button>
        <h1 class="title">Keyboard Inputh1>
      ion-header-bar>
      
      <ion-content class="padding">
        <div class="list">        
          <label class="item item-divider">
            Input types for popup keyboard
          label>
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">Textspan>
            <input type="text" ng-model="user.username">
          label>
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">Passwordspan>
            <input type="password" ng-model="user.password">
          label>          
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">Emailspan>
            <input type="email">
          label>
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">Telspan>
            <input type="tel">
          label>
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">Numberspan>
            <input type="number">
          label>
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">Datespan>
            <input type="date">
          label>
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">Monthspan>
            <input type="month">
          label> 
        div>
      ion-content>
    ion-view>
       
    
   id="about.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <ion-view>
      <ion-header-bar class="bar-positive">
        <button class="button button-icon button-clear ion-navicon" ng-click="toggleLeft()">button>
        <h1 class="title">Abouth1>
      ion-header-bar>

      <ion-content class="padding">
        <div class="card">
          <div class="item">
            <h3>本测试demo由徐杰开发设计，仅供参考h3>
            <p><a href="http://www.webdoes.com" target="_blank">联系他</a>p>
          div>
        div>
      ion-content>
    ion-view>
      

   id="modal.html" type="text/ng-template">
    <div class="modal">
      <ion-header-bar class="bar bar-header bar-positive">
        <h1 class="title">咨询h1>
        <button class="button button-clear button-primary" ng-click="modal.hide()">取消button>
      ion-header-bar>
      
      <ion-content class="padding">
        <div class="list">
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">标题span>
            <input type="text">
          label>
          <label class="item item-input">
            <span class="input-label">内容span>
            <textarea rows="4">textarea>
          label>
        div>
        <button class="button icon icon-right ion-arrow-right-c button-balanced button-block">提交button>
      ion-content>
    div>
    
      

核心代码app.js如下：

angular.module('ionicApp', ['ionic'])

.config(function ($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider) {

  $stateProvider
    .state('menu', {
      url: "/menu",
      abstract: true,
      templateUrl: "menu.html",
      controller: 'MenuCtrl'
    })
    .state('menu.tabs', {
      url: "/tab",
      views: {
        'menuContent' :{
          templateUrl: "tabs.html"
        }
      }
    })
    .state('menu.tabs.buttons', {
      url: "/buttons",
      views: {
        'buttons-tab': {
          templateUrl: "buttons.html",
          controller: 'ButtonsTabCtrl'
        }
      }
    })
    .state('menu.tabs.list', {
      url: "/list",
      views: {
        'list-tab': {
          templateUrl: "list.html",
          controller: 'ListCtrl'
        }
      }
    })
    .state('menu.tabs.item', {
      url: "/item",
      views: {
        'list-tab': {
          templateUrl: "item.html"
        }
      }
    })
    .state('menu.tabs.testItem', {
      url: "/testItem",
      views: {
        'buttons-tab': {
          templateUrl: "testItem.html"
        }
      }
    })
    .state('menu.tabs.form', {
      url: "/form",
      views: {
        'form-tab': {
          templateUrl: "form.html"
        }
      }
    })
    .state('menu.keyboard', {
      url: "/keyboard",
      views: {
        'menuContent': {
          templateUrl: "keyboard.html"
        }
      }
    })
    .state('menu.slidebox', {
      url: "/slidebox",
      views: {
        'menuContent': {
          templateUrl: "slidebox.html",
          controller: 'SlideboxCtrl'
        }
      }
    })
    .state('menu.about', {
      url: "/about",
      views: {
        'menuContent': {
          templateUrl: "about.html"
        }
      }
    });

  $urlRouterProvider.otherwise("menu/tab/buttons");

})

.controller('ListCtrl', function ($scope) {

  $scope.data = {
    showDelete: false
  };

  $scope.itemButtons = [
    {
      text: 'Delete',
      type: 'button-assertive',
      onTap: function (item) {
        alert('Delete Item: ' + item.id + ' ?');
      }
    }
  ];

  $scope.onItemDelete = function (item) {
    $scope.items.splice($scope.items.indexOf(item), 1);
  };
      $scope.items = [
        {
          id: 1,
          title:'慢性鼻炎怎么预防？'
        },
        {
          id: 2,
          title:'高血压如何预防？'
        },
        {
          id: 3,
          title:'冠心病如何有效治疗？'
        },
        {
          id: 4,
          title:'高血压如何预防？'
        }
      ];


})

.controller('ButtonsTabCtrl', function ($scope, $ionicPopup, $ionicActionSheet, $ionicModal) {
    $scope.showPopup = function () {
     $ionicPopup.alert({
       title: 'Popup',
       content: 'This is ionic popup alert!'
     });
    };
    $scope.showActionsheet = function () {
        $ionicActionSheet.show({
          titleText: 'Ionic ActionSheet',
          buttons: [
            {
              text: 'Facebook'
            },
            {
              text: 'Twitter'
            },
          ],
          destructiveText: 'Delete',
          cancelText: 'Cancel',
          cancel: function () {
            console.log('CANCELLED');
          },
          buttonClicked: function (index) {
            console.log('BUTTON CLICKED', index);
            return true;
          },
          destructiveButtonClicked: function () {
            console.log('DESTRUCT');
            return true;
          }
        });
    };
      $scope.testItems = [
        {
          id: 1,
          title:'慢性鼻炎怎么预防？'
        },
        {
          id: 2,
          title:'高血压如何预防？'
        },
        {
          id: 3,
          title:'冠心病如何有效治疗？'
        },
        {
          id: 4,
          title:'高血压如何预防？'
        }
      ];
    $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('modal.html', function (modal) {
        $scope.modal = modal;
      }, {
        animation: 'slide-in-up'
      });
})

.controller('SlideboxCtrl', function($scope, $ionicSlideBoxDelegate) {
  $scope.nextSlide = function() {
    $ionicSlideBoxDelegate.next();
  }             
})              

.controller('MenuCtrl', function($scope, $ionicSideMenuDelegate, $ionicModal) {
  $scope.toggleLeft = function() {
    $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft();
  };
              
  $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('modal.html', function (modal) {
    $scope.modal = modal;
  }, {
    animation: 'slide-in-up'
  });
 })

  
 .controller('AppCtrl', function() {

  ionic.Platform.ready(function() {

  });

 });

发布：

Now we can tell cordova to generate our release build:

$ cordova build --release android

在IOS中也是一样，不过IOS要打包成ipa，需要开发者账号，有兴趣朋友求提供下，谢谢！