引言
前段时间,用WCF做了一个小项目,其中涉及到文件的上传下载。出于复习巩固的目的,今天简单梳理了一下,整理出来,下面展示如何一步步实现一个上传下载的WCF服务。
服务端
1.首先新建一个名为FileService的WCF服务库项目,如下图:
2.将Service,IService重命名为FileService,IFileService,如下图:
3.打开IFileService.cs,定义两个方法,如下:
[ServiceContract] public interface IFileService { //上传文件 [OperationContract] bool UpLoadFile(Stream filestream); //下载文件 [OperationContract] Stream DownLoadFile(string downfile); }
4.上面方法定义了输入参数和返回参数,但是实际项目中往往是不够的,我们需要增加其他参数,如文件名,文件大小之类。然而WCF中有限定,如下:
保留要进行流处理的数据的参数必须是方法中的唯一参数。 例如,如果要对输入消息进行流处理,则该操作必须正好具有一个输入参数。 同样,如果要对输出消息进行流处理,则该操作必须正好具有一个输出参数或一个返回值。
参数和返回值的类型中至少有一个必须是 Stream, Message 或 IXmlSerializable。
所以我们需要用Message契约特性包装一下参数,修改代码如下:
[ServiceContract] public interface IFileService { //上传文件 [OperationContract] UpFileResult UpLoadFile(UpFile filestream); //下载文件 [OperationContract] DownFileResult DownLoadFile(DownFile downfile); } [MessageContract] public class DownFile { [MessageHeader] public string FileName { get; set; } } [MessageContract] public class UpFileResult { [MessageHeader] public bool IsSuccess { get; set; } [MessageHeader] public string Message { get; set; } } [MessageContract] public class UpFile { [MessageHeader] public long FileSize { get; set; } [MessageHeader] public string FileName { get; set; } [MessageBodyMember] public Stream FileStream { get; set; } } [MessageContract] public class DownFileResult { [MessageHeader] public long FileSize { get; set; } [MessageHeader] public bool IsSuccess { get; set; } [MessageHeader] public string Message { get; set; } [MessageBodyMember] public Stream FileStream { get; set; } }
5.现在服务契约定义好了,接下来实现契约的接口。打开FileService.cs文件,编写代码,实现服务端的上传下载文件服务,代码如下:
public class FileService : IFileService { public UpFileResult UpLoadFile(UpFile filedata) { UpFileResult result = new UpFileResult(); string path = System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory +@"\service\"; if (!Directory.Exists(path)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(path); } byte[] buffer = new byte[filedata.FileSize]; FileStream fs = new FileStream(path + filedata.FileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write); int count = 0; while ((count = filedata.FileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0) { fs.Write(buffer, 0, count); } //清空缓冲区 fs.Flush(); //关闭流 fs.Close(); result.IsSuccess = true; return result; } //下载文件 public DownFileResult DownLoadFile(DownFile filedata) { DownFileResult result = new DownFileResult(); string path = System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"\service\" + filedata.FileName; if (!File.Exists(path)) { result.IsSuccess = false; result.FileSize = 0; result.Message = "服务器不存在此文件"; result.FileStream = new MemoryStream(); return result; } Stream ms = new MemoryStream(); FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); fs.CopyTo(ms); ms.Position = 0; //重要,不为0的话,客户端读取有问题 result.IsSuccess = true; result.FileSize = ms.Length; result.FileStream = ms; fs.Flush(); fs.Close(); return result; } }
6.至此,具体实现代码完成,但是我们还需要配置一下App.config,设置地址,契约和绑定。这里绑定采用NetTcpBinding,我们还需要为NetTcpBinding具体配置,如maxReceivedMessageSize(配置最大接收文件大小),transferMode(传输模式,这里是Streamed)等。最终代码如下:
xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <appSettings> <add key="aspnet:UseTaskFriendlySynchronizationContext" value="true" /> appSettings> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" /> system.web> <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <netTcpBinding> <binding name="MyTcpBinding" maxBufferSize="2147483647" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647" sendTimeout="00:30:00" transferMode="Streamed" > <security mode="None">security> binding> netTcpBinding> bindings> <services> <service name="WcfTest.FileService"> <endpoint address="" binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="MyTcpBinding" contract="WcfTest.IFileService"> <identity> <dns value="localhost" /> identity> endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8733/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfTest/Service1/" /> <add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:8734/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfTest/Service1/" /> baseAddresses> host> service> services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True" httpsGetEnabled="True"/> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False" /> behavior> serviceBehaviors> behaviors> system.serviceModel> configuration>
7.这时可以运行服务,如果没有问题的话,会看到如下截图。
客户端
1.首先新建一个WPF应用程序,在MainWindow.xaml添加控件,得到下图:
2.在引用中右击,选择添加服务引用,出现对话框,我们需要填上刚才打开的服务的地址,然后按旁边的转到,会看到显示找到服务,接着更改命名空间为FileService,得到如下图。
2.按确定之后,在资源管理器里的引用下面会多出一个FileService命名空间,里面包含我们的刚才写的FileServiceClient服务代理类 ,现在我们可以通过它调用服务了。编写代码如下:
public partial class MainWindow : Window { FileServiceClient client; public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); client = new FileServiceClient(); } private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { OpenFileDialog Fdialog = new OpenFileDialog(); if (Fdialog.ShowDialog().Value) { using (Stream fs = new FileStream(Fdialog.FileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)) { string message; this.filepath.Text = Fdialog.SafeFileName; bool result = client.UpLoadFile(Fdialog.SafeFileName, fs.Length,fs, out message); if (result == true) { MessageBox.Show("上传成功!"); } else { MessageBox.Show(message); } } } } private void Button_Click_2(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { string filename = this.filename.Text; string path = System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"\client\"; bool issuccess=false; string message=""; Stream filestream=new MemoryStream(); long filesize = client.DownLoadFile(filename, out issuccess, out message, out filestream); if (issuccess) { if (!Directory.Exists(path)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(path); } byte[] buffer = new byte[filesize]; FileStream fs = new FileStream(path + filename, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write); int count = 0; while ((count = filestream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0) { fs.Write(buffer, 0, count); } //清空缓冲区 fs.Flush(); //关闭流 fs.Close(); MessageBox.Show("下载成功!"); } else { MessageBox.Show(message); } } }
3.运行程序,上传下载文件,会在服务端和客服端运行目录下分别找到上传的文件和下载的文件,测试通过。界面如下:
小结
本文通过图文一步步介绍了如何实现上传下载文件功能,其中涉及到WCF知识点其实是不少的,但是都是简单地带过。如果有不明白的地方,可以查阅Google,百度,也可以留言。如果您有更好的建议,请不吝指教,感激不尽!